WordNet

to be expected; standard; "common decency"
common to or shared by two or more parties; "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor" (同)mutual
of or associated with the great masses of people; "the common people in those days suffered greatly"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "his square plebeian nose"; "a vulgar and objectionable person"; "the unwashed masses" (同)plebeian, vulgar, unwashed
commonly encountered; "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting" (同)usual
being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vernacular speakers"; "the vulgar tongue of the masses"; "the technical and vulgar names for an animal species" (同)vernacular, vulgar
belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; "for the common good"; "common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community"
having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
a pasture subject to common use (同)common_land
any substance (as a toxin or enzyme) that stimulates an immune response in the body (especially the production of antibodies)
blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the bodys defense system (同)leucocyte, white_blood_cell, white_cell, white blood corpuscle, white_corpuscle, WBC

PrepTutorEJDIC

(二つ以上のものに)『共通の』,共同の,共有の / 『一般の』,公共の,公衆の / 『普通の』,ありふれた / 慢凡な,並みの / 品のない,粗野な,野卑な(vulgar) / (数式で)共通の,公約の通約の・ (文法で)通性の,通格の(男性・女性どちらの格も用いることができる) ・〈C〉《時に複数形で》共有地,公有地,共有牧草;(市町村の)公園・〈U〉共有権
《古》平民,庶民 / 《the C-》《英》下院(the House of Commons);《集合的に》下院議員 / (大学の大食堂での)共同食事 / 《単数扱い》(特に大学の)大食堂
抗原(生物の体内にはいって免疫体を作る物質)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/17 18:09:09」(JST)

wiki en

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene.^[1] PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation), which was originally called leukocyte common antigen.^[2]

Function[edit]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP contains an extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and two tandem intracytoplasmic catalytic domains, and thus belongs to receptor type PTP. This gene is specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to be an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It functions through either direct interaction with components of the antigen receptor complexes or by activating various Src family kinases required for the antigen receptor signaling. This PTP also suppresses JAK kinases, and, thus, functions as a negative regulator of cytokine receptor signaling. Four alternatively spliced transcripts variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.^[2]

It is a type I transmembrane protein that is in various forms present on all differentiated hematopoietic cells except erythrocytes and plasma cells that assists in the activation of those cells (a form of co-stimulation). It is expressed in lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A monoclonal antibody to CD45 is used in routine immunohistochemistry to differentiate between histological sections from lymphomas and carcinomas.^[3]

Isoforms[edit]

The CD45 family consists of multiple members that are all products of a single complex gene. This gene contains 34 exons and three exons of the primary transcripts are alternatively spliced to generate up to eight different mature mRNAs and after translation eight different protein products. These three exons generate the RA, RB and RC isoforms.

Various isoforms of CD45 exist: CD45RA, CD45RB, CD45RC, CD45RAB, CD45RAC, CD45RBC, CD45RO, CD45R (ABC). CD45RA is located on naive T cells and CD45RO is located on memory T cells. CD45 is also highly glycosylated. CD45R is the longest protein and migrates at 200 kDa when isolated from T cells. B cells also express CD45R with heavier glycosylation, bringing the molecular weight to 220 kDa, hence the name B220; B cell isoform of 220 kDa. B220 expression is not restricted to B cells and can also be expressed on activated T cells, on a subset of dendritic cells and other antigen-presenting cells.

Naive T lymphocytes express large CD45 isoforms and are usually positive for CD45RA. Activated and memory T lymphocytes express the shortest CD45 isoform, CD45RO, which lacks RA, RB, and RC exons. This shortest isoform facilitates T cell activation.

The cytoplasmic domain of CD45 is one of the largest known and it has an intrinsic phosphatase activity that removes an inhibitory phosphate group on a tyrosine kinase called Lck (in T cells) or Lyn/Fyn/Lck (in B cells) and activates it.

Interactions[edit]

PTPRC has been shown to interact with LYN,^[4] Lck,^[5]^[6] SKAP1^[7] and GANAB.^[8]^[9]^[10]

CD45 has been recently shown to interact with the HCMV UL11 protein. This interaction results in functional paralysis of T cells.^[11]

Clinical importance[edit]

Stem cells of several varieties, including mesenchymal stem cells and hæmatopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow. If a clinician wishes to separate the two, the CD45 marker is used to distinguish the two stem cell types, as CD45 is found on all leukocytes.

Use as a congenic marker[edit]

There are two identifiable alleles of CD45 in mice: CD45.1 (Ly5.1) and CD45.2 (Ly5.2). These two types of CD45 are believed to be functionally identical. As such, they are routinely used in scientific research to allow identification of cells. For instance, leukocytes can be transferred from a CD45.1 donor mouse, into a CD45.2 host mouse, and can be subsequently identified due to their expression of CD45.1. This technique is also routinely used when generating chimeras. An alternative system is the use of CD90 (Thy1) alleles. The CD90.1/CD90.2 system is used in the same manner as the CD45.1/CD45.2 system.

References[edit]

^ Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, et al (September 1990). "Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (18): 7000–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.18.7000. PMC 54670. PMID 2169617.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C".
^ Leong, Anthony S-Y; Cooper, Kumarason; Leong, F Joel W-M (2003). Manual of Diagnostic Cytology (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd. pp. 121–124. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
^ Brown VK, Ogle EW, Burkhardt AL, Rowley RB, Bolen JB, Justement LB (June 1994). "Multiple components of the B cell antigen receptor complex associate with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (25): 17238–44. PMID 7516335.
^ Koretzky GA, Kohmetscher M, Ross S (April 1993). "CD45-associated kinase activity requires lck but not T cell receptor expression in the Jurkat T cell line". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (12): 8958–64. PMID 8473339.
^ Ng DH, Watts JD, Aebersold R, Johnson P (January 1996). "Demonstration of a direct interaction between p56lck and the cytoplasmic domain of CD45 in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (3): 1295–300. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.3.1295. PMID 8576115.
^ Wu L, Fu J, Shen SH (April 2002). "SKAP55 coupled with CD45 positively regulates T-cell receptor-mediated gene transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (8): 2673–86. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.8.2673-2686.2002. PMC 133720. PMID 11909961.
^ Arendt CW, Ostergaard HL (May 1997). "Identification of the CD45-associated 116-kDa and 80-kDa proteins as the alpha- and beta-subunits of alpha-glucosidase II". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (20): 13117–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.20.13117. PMID 9148925.
^ Baldwin TA, Gogela-Spehar M, Ostergaard HL (October 2000). "Specific isoforms of the resident endoplasmic reticulum protein glucosidase II associate with the CD45 protein-tyrosine phosphatase via a lectin-like interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (41): 32071–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003088200. PMID 10921916.
^ Baldwin TA, Ostergaard HL (October 2001). "Developmentally regulated changes in glucosidase II association with, and carbohydrate content of, the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45". J. Immunol. 167 (7): 3829–35. PMID 11564800.
^ Gabaev I, Steinbrück L, Pokoyski C, Pich A, Stanton RJ, Schwinzer R, Schulz TF, Jacobs R, Messerle M, Kay-Fedorov PC (December 2011). "The human cytomegalovirus UL11 protein interacts with the receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45, resulting in functional paralysis of T cells". PLoS Pathog. 7 (12): e1002432. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002432. PMC 3234252. PMID 22174689.

Bibliography[edit]

Tchilian EZ, Beverley PC (2002). "CD45 in memory and disease.". Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) 50 (2): 85–93. PMID 12022705.
Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Abroun S, et al. (2004). "Interleukin-6, CD45 and the src-kinases in myeloma cell proliferation.". Leuk. Lymphoma 44 (9): 1477–81. doi:10.1080/1042819031000097339. PMID 14565647.
Stanton T, Boxall S, Bennett A, et al. (2004). "CD45 variant alleles: possibly increased frequency of a novel exon 4 CD45 polymorphism in HIV seropositive Ugandans.". Immunogenetics 56 (2): 107–10. doi:10.1007/s00251-004-0668-z. PMID 15057492.
Huntington ND, Tarlinton DM (2005). "CD45: direct and indirect government of immune regulation.". Immunol. Lett. 94 (3): 167–74. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2004.05.011. PMID 15275963.
Jameson R (2006). "CD45". Immunology course for undergraduates. Davidson College. Retrieved 2011-10-24.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 前駆B細胞性急性リンパ芽球性白血病／リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of precursor b cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma
2. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development
3. 原発不明の低分化癌 poorly differentiated cancer from an unknown primary site
4. 原発性免疫不全症の診断のためのフローサイトメトリー flow cytometry for the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies
5. ALK陽性未分化大細胞型リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of anaplastic large cell lymphoma alk positive

English Journal

Could Intrathymic Injection of Myelin Basic Protein Suppress Inflammatory Response After Co-culture of T Lymphocytes and BV-2 Microglia Cells?

Cui ZQ, Liu BL, Wu QL, Cai Y, Fan WJ, Zhang MC, Ding WL, Zhang B, Kang JM, Yan H1.
Chinese medical journal.Chin Med J (Engl).2016 5th Apr;129(7):831-837. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.178955.
BACKGROUND: The interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate whether intrathymic injection of myelin basic pro
PMID 26996480

Prevention and treatment of liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection and the role of the 'two-hit hypothesis'.

Kim PT1, Demetris AJ, O'Leary JG.
Current opinion in organ transplantation.Curr Opin Organ Transplant.2016 Apr;21(2):209-18. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000275.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review outlines the diagnosis, prevention strategies, and possible treatment options for acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection (AMR).RECENT FINDINGS: Although rare, severe acute AMR (aAMR) usually occurs in patients with high mean fluorescence intensity despite serial
PMID 26918881

Immune responses and outcome after vaccination with glioma-associated antigen peptides and poly-ICLC in a pilot study for pediatric recurrent low-grade gliomas†.

Pollack IF1, Jakacki RI1, Butterfield LH1, Hamilton RL1, Panigrahy A1, Normolle DP1, Connelly AK1, Dibridge S1, Mason G1, Whiteside TL1, Okada H1.
Neuro-oncology.Neuro Oncol.2016 Mar 15. pii: now026. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common brain tumors of childhood. Although surgical resection is curative for well-circumscribed superficial lesions, tumors that are infiltrative or arise from deep structures are therapeutically challenging, and new treatment approaches are needed.
PMID 26984745

Japanese Journal

A Case of Takayasus Arteritis Associated with Human Leukocyte Antigen A24 and B52 Following Resolution of Ulcerative Colitis and Subacute Thyroiditis

Horai Yoshiro,Miyamura Tomoya,Shimada Karin,Takahama Soichiro,Minami Rumi,Yamamoto Masahiro,Suematsu Eiichi
Internal Medicine 50(2), 151-154, 2011
… The patient was diagnosed with Takayasus arteritis (TA) based on wall thickening and luminal narrowing of the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. … The result of human leukocyte antigen typing analysis was A24 and B52 positive. … These findings suggested that common genetic factors may be important for the etiology of TA, UC and SAT. This is the first report of TA that developed following UC and SAT. …
NAID 130000413215

Genotyping of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in Japanese patients with psoriatic arthritis, generalized pustular psoriasis or psoriasis vulgaris

Nemoto Kei,Muto Masahiko
The bulletin of the Yamaguchi Medical School 58(3-4), 37-43, 2011
… The interaction of HLA-C with killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on natural killer cells and some natural killer-T cells together with a strong association between HLA (human leukocyte antigen), especially HLA-Cw*06, and psoriasis indicates that this is an immune-mediated disorder. … Thus, KIR2DS1 may be a common factor in susceptibility to psoriasis, although the variation in the frequencies of HLA-C and KIRs in cases of PV, GPP, and PA indicates that other genetic factors are also involved. …
NAID 120003893227

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「CD45」「LCA」
関連記事	「common」

「CD45」

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C
	; PDB rendering based on 1ygr.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1YGR, 1YGU
Identifiers
Symbols	PTPRC (; B220; CD45; CD45R; GP180; L-CA; LCA; LY5; T200)
External IDs	OMIM: 151460 MGI: 97810 HomoloGene: 2126 ChEMBL: 3243 GeneCards: PTPRC Gene
EC number	3.1.3.48
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; • protein binding; • protein kinase binding;
Cellular component	• plasma membrane; • integral to plasma membrane; • focal adhesion; • external side of plasma membrane; • membrane raft;
Biological process	• negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity; • negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation; • immunoglobulin biosynthetic process; • negative regulation of protein kinase activity; • protein dephosphorylation; • negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration; • cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • axon guidance; • dephosphorylation; • T cell differentiation; • positive regulation of B cell proliferation; • regulation of S phase; • peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation; • B cell proliferation; • positive regulation of T cell proliferation; • positive regulation of protein kinase activity; • bone marrow development; • stem cell development; • T cell receptor signaling pathway; • B cell receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway; • release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; • defense response to virus; • regulation of cell cycle; • positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell migration; • positive regulation of stem cell proliferation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

同: leukocyte common antigen LCA, T200, B220
関: CD45RO, CD45RA, CD45RB; 表面抗原分類

発現細胞

全ての造血細胞

分子量

180-240 kDa

機能

tyrosine phosphatase, augments sinnaling through antigen receptor of B and T cells, multiple isoforms result from alternative splicing

ファミリー

fibronectin type III

疾患との関連

ホジキンリンパ腫：CD45は発現していない。

「LCA」

　　[★]

「common」

　　[★]

adj.

共通の、通常の、総、普通の、共通性の

関: commonly、conventional、general、generally、in general、normal、normally、ordinarily、ordinary、total、usual、usually

[pmid2169617-1] Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, et al (September 1990). "Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (18): 7000–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.18.7000. PMC 54670. PMID 2169617.

[entrez-2] "Entrez Gene: PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C".

[Leong-3] Leong, Anthony S-Y; Cooper, Kumarason; Leong, F Joel W-M (2003). Manual of Diagnostic Cytology (2 ed.). Greenwich Medical Media, Ltd. pp. 121–124. ISBN 1-84110-100-1.

[pmid7516335-4] Brown VK, Ogle EW, Burkhardt AL, Rowley RB, Bolen JB, Justement LB (June 1994). "Multiple components of the B cell antigen receptor complex associate with the protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (25): 17238–44. PMID 7516335.

[pmid8473339-5] Koretzky GA, Kohmetscher M, Ross S (April 1993). "CD45-associated kinase activity requires lck but not T cell receptor expression in the Jurkat T cell line". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (12): 8958–64. PMID 8473339.

[pmid8576115-6] Ng DH, Watts JD, Aebersold R, Johnson P (January 1996). "Demonstration of a direct interaction between p56lck and the cytoplasmic domain of CD45 in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (3): 1295–300. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.3.1295. PMID 8576115.

[pmid11909961-7] Wu L, Fu J, Shen SH (April 2002). "SKAP55 coupled with CD45 positively regulates T-cell receptor-mediated gene transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (8): 2673–86. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.8.2673-2686.2002. PMC 133720. PMID 11909961.

[pmid9148925-8] Arendt CW, Ostergaard HL (May 1997). "Identification of the CD45-associated 116-kDa and 80-kDa proteins as the alpha- and beta-subunits of alpha-glucosidase II". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (20): 13117–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.20.13117. PMID 9148925.

[pmid10921916-9] Baldwin TA, Gogela-Spehar M, Ostergaard HL (October 2000). "Specific isoforms of the resident endoplasmic reticulum protein glucosidase II associate with the CD45 protein-tyrosine phosphatase via a lectin-like interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (41): 32071–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003088200. PMID 10921916.

[pmid11564800-10] Baldwin TA, Ostergaard HL (October 2001). "Developmentally regulated changes in glucosidase II association with, and carbohydrate content of, the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45". J. Immunol. 167 (7): 3829–35. PMID 11564800.

[pmid22174689-11] Gabaev I, Steinbrück L, Pokoyski C, Pich A, Stanton RJ, Schwinzer R, Schulz TF, Jacobs R, Messerle M, Kay-Fedorov PC (December 2011). "The human cytomegalovirus UL11 protein interacts with the receptor tyrosine phosphatase CD45, resulting in functional paralysis of T cells". PLoS Pathog. 7 (12): e1002432. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002432. PMC 3234252. PMID 22174689.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

leukocyte common antigen