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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/27 06:51:34」(JST)

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Ketotifen is a second-generation noncompetitive H₁-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It is most commonly sold as a salt with fumaric acid, ketotifen fumarate, and is available in two forms. In its ophthalmic form, it is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis,^[2] or the itchy red eyes caused by allergies. In its oral form, it is used to prevent asthma attacks.

Uses

Ketotifen relieves and prevents eye itchiness and/or irritation associated with most seasonal allergies. It starts working within minutes after administering the drops. The drug has not been studied in children under three.^[2] The mean elimination half life is 12 hours.^[3] Besides its anti-histaminic activity, it is also a functional leukotriene antagonist and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

The drug may also help relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.^[4]

Side effects

Side effects include drowsiness, weight gain, dry mouth, irritability, and increased nosebleeds.

Brands

Ketotifen is marketed under many brand names worldwide.^[5]

References

^ http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-17484/zaditor-opht/details
^ ^a ^b Zaditor prescribing information Novartis
^ Grahnén A; Lönnebo A; Beck O; Eckernäs SA; Dahlström B; Lindström B (May 1992). "Pharmacokinetics of ketotifen after oral administration to healthy male subjects". Biopharm Drug Dispos 13 (4): 255–262. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510130404. PMID 1600111.
^ Klooker, TK; Braak, B; Koopman, KE; Welting, O; Wouters, MM; Van Der Heide, S; Schemann, M; Bischoff, SC; et al. (2010). "The mast cell stabiliser ketotifen decreases visceral hypersensitivity and improves intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome". Gut 59 (9): 1213–21. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.213108. PMID 20650926.
^ drugs.com International availability of ketofin Page accessed April 21, 2015

External links

Zaditor web site
Alaway web site

UpToDate Contents

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1. 春季カタル vernal keratoconjunctivitis
2. アレルギー性結膜炎：マネージメント allergic conjunctivitis management
3. 皮膚肥満細胞症の治療および予後 treatment and prognosis of cutaneous mastocytosis
4. 特発性アナフィラキシー idiopathic anaphylaxis
5. 巨大乳頭結膜炎 giant papillary conjunctivitis

English Journal

C-kit is important for SOD1(G93A) mouse survival independent of mast cells.

Staats KA1, Schönefeldt S2, Van Helleputte L3, Van Rillaer M1, Lampi Y2, Dooley J2, Van Den Bosch L4, Liston A5.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2015 Aug 20;301:415-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.026. Epub 2015 Jun 23.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease leading to progressive and lethal paralysis. The disease process is multi-factorial and is characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration. Previous work demonstrated that the local concentration of various growth fa
PMID 26112382

Differences in Features and Course of Mucosal Type Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis between Korean Infants and Children.

Choi BS1, Hong SJ2, Park SH1, Kim HM1, Choe BH1.
Journal of Korean medical science.J Korean Med Sci.2015 Aug;30(8):1129-35. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1129. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a disorder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall and various gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of EGE in infants and children. A total of 22 patients were diagnosed with histologic EGE (
PMID 26240491

Mast cell degranulation inhibits motor patterns of human ileum and sigmoid colon in vitro: relevance for postoperative ileus.

Rychter J1,2, Ortega O3, Berdun S2, Arenas C1, Lopez I3, Espin F3, Vergara P1,2, Clavé P1,3.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2015 Aug;27(8):1098-109. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12589. Epub 2015 May 13.
BACKGROUND: Local release of mast cell proteases during gastrointestinal surgery is associated with the inhibition of motility and postoperative ileus (POI). We determined whether activation of intramuscular mast cell affects the motor patterns of the human ileum and colon and whether proteases are
PMID 25974622

Japanese Journal

健康成人における抗ヒスタミン薬の中枢抑制作用に関する研究:―オロパタジン・フマル酸ケトチフェン・フェキソフェナジンの比較―

臨床薬理 46(5), 243-248, 2015
NAID 130005119353

オロパタジン塩酸塩の小児アトピー性皮膚炎に対する二重盲検比較試験

西日本皮膚科 73(3), 278-289, 2011
NAID 130004831800

Okicamelliaside, an Extraordinarily Potent Anti-Degranulation Glucoside Isolated from Leaves of Camellia japonica

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(12), 2532-2534, 2010-12-23
NAID 10027728538

「ケトチフェン」

Ketotifen
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	4-(1-Methylpiperidin-4-ylidene)-4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one
Clinical data
Trade names	Zaditor
AHFS/Drugs.com	Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information
MedlinePlus	a604033
Pregnancy; category	US: C (Risk not ruled out); ;
Legal status	US: Oral - Prescription; Eye Drops - OTC;
Routes of; administration	Oral, Eye Drops
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	60%
Protein binding	75%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Biological half-life	12 Hours
Identifiers
CAS Number	34580-14-8
ATC code	R06AX17 S01GX08
PubChem	CID: 3827
IUPHAR/BPS	7206
DrugBank	DB00920
ChemSpider	3695
UNII	HBD503WORO
KEGG	D01332
ChEMBL	CHEMBL534
Chemical data
Formula	C19H19NOS
Molecular mass	309.426 g/mol
	SMILES O=C3c1sccc1C(\c2c(cccc2)C3)=C4/CCN(C)CC4 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H19NOS/c1-20-9-6-13(7-10-20)18-15-5-3-2-4-14(15)12-17(21)19-16(18)8-11-22-19/h2-5,8,11H,6-7,9-10,12H2,1H3 ; Key:ZCVMWBYGMWKGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
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