inner nuclear layer

内顆粒層

WordNet

1. prepare or position for action or operation; "lay a fire"; "lay the foundation for a new health care plan"
2. put in a horizontal position; "lay the books on the table"; "lay the patient carefully onto the bed" (同)put down, repose
3. impose as a duty, burden, or punishment; "lay a responsibility on someone"
4. lay eggs; "This hen doesnt lay"
5. not of or from a profession; "a lay opinion as to the cause of the disease"
6. located or occurring within or closer to a center; "an inner room"
7. located inward; "Beethovens manuscript looks like a bloody record of a tremendous inner battle"- Leonard Bernstein; "she thinks she has no soul, no interior life, but the truth is that she has no access to it"- David Denby; "an internal sense of rightousness"- A.R.Gurney,Jr. (同)interior, internal
8. innermost or essential; "the inner logic of Cubism"; "the internal contradictions of the theory"; "the intimate structure of matter" (同)internal, intimate
9. exclusive to a center; especially a center of influence; "inner regions of the organization"; "inner circles of government"
10. inside or closer to the inside of the body; "the inner ear"
11. of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; "nuclear physics"; "nuclear fission"; "nuclear forces"
12. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy; "nuclear war"; "nuclear weapons"; "atomic bombs" (同)atomic
13. constituting or like a nucleus; "annexation of the suburban fringe by the nuclear metropolis"; "the nuclear core of the congregation"
14. of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell; "nuclear membrane"; "nuclear division"
15. make or form a layer; "layer the different colored sands"
16. single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; "slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach" (同)bed
17. a hen that lays eggs
18. thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
19. a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under another
20. with one layer on top of another; "superimposed rocks" (同)superimposed

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《場所の副詞[句]を伴って》‘を'『置く』,横たえる / ‘を'『きちんと置く』(並べる),〈土台など〉‘を'すえる,〈鉄道など〉‘を'敷設する / …‘を'『用意する』,準備する / (…に)〈身体の一部〉‘を'置く,つける《+『名』+『on』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…に)〈信頼・愛情〉‘を'置く,寄せる,託す;〈強調・重要性など〉‘を'置く《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 〈ほこり・波・風など〉‘を'押さえる,〈恐れ亡霊など〉‘を'静める,なだめる / 〈卵〉‘を'産む / 〈かけ〉‘を'する;(…に)〈金〉‘を'かける《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)〈税・罰金・義務など〉‘を'課する,〈重荷・責任など〉‘を'負わせる《+『名』+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈悪事など〉‘を'(…の)せいにする《+『名』+『against』(『to』)+『名』》 / 《状態を表す副詩[句]を伴って》(特によくない状態に)…‘を'『置く』,する / (…に)〈権利の主張・報告など〉‘を'提出する,申し出る《+『名』+『before』(『to』)+『名』》 / (…で)…‘の'表面をおおう《+『名』+『with』+『名』》;(…に)…‘を'広げる《+『名』+『on』+『名』》 / 卵を産む / 位置,配置,地形,地勢
2. lieの過去形
3. (歌うために書かれた)短い物語詩 / 《詩》(一般に)歌,調べ
4. (僧職にある人に対して)俗人の / (専門家に対して)しろうとの,門外漢の
5. 『内側の』,『内部の』,奥の / 『精神の』,心の / 親密な;内密の
6. 『核の』,細胞核の / [『原子』]『核の』
7. 《複合語を作って》(物を)積む人(物),置く人(物) / 卵を産む鶏・層;(ペンキなどの)一塗り;一皮 / (園芸で)取り木 / …‘を'層にする / 〈植物〉‘を'取り木する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/29 16:42:34」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Inner nuclear layer
Section of retina. (Inner nuclear layer labeled at right, fifth from the top.)
Plan of retinal neurons. (Inner nuclear layer labeled at left, seventh from the top.)
Details
Latin	stratum nucleare internum retinae
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1016
Dorlands /Elsevier	l_05/12480797
TA	A15.2.04.014
FMA	58686
Anatomical terminology

The inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties, viz.: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.

Bipolar cells

The bipolar cells, by far the most numerous, are round or oval in shape, and each is prolonged into an inner and an outer process.

They are divisible into rod bipolars and cone bipolars.

• The inner processes of the rod bipolars run through the inner plexiform layer and arborize around the bodies of the cells of the ganglionic layer; their outer processes end in the outer plexiform layer in tufts of fibrils around the button-like ends of the inner processes of the rod granules.
• The inner processes of the cone bipolars ramify in the inner plexiform layer in contact with the dendrites of the ganglionic cells.

Connection types

Midget bipolars are linked to one cone while diffuse bipolars take groups of receptors. Diffuse bipolars can take signals from up to 50 rods or can be a flat cone form and take signals from seven cones. The bipolar cells corresponds to the intermediary cells between the touch and heat receptors on the skin and the medulla or spinal cord.

Horizontal cells

The horizontal cells lie in the outer part of the inner nuclear layer and possess somewhat flattened cell bodies.

Their dendrites divide into numerous branches in the outer plexiform layer, while their axons run horizontally for some distance and finally ramify in the same layer.

Amacrine cells

The amacrine cells are placed in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer, and are so named because they have not yet been shown to possess axis-cylinder processes.

Their dendrites undergo extensive ramification in the inner plexiform layer.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Histology image: 08008loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University
• Histology image: 07902loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 原子力災害後の小児における放射線被曝のマネージメント management of radiation exposure in children following a nuclear disaster
• 2. 小児における放射線被曝の臨床的特徴 clinical features of radiation exposure in children
• 3. 腫瘍随伴性視覚症候群 paraneoplastic visual syndromes
• 4. 児童虐待：虐待による頭部外傷後の網膜出血の解剖学および病因 child abuse anatomy and pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhages after abusive head trauma
• 5. 甲状腺ホルモンの作用 thyroid hormone action

English Journal

• Optical coherence tomography shows retinal abnormalities associated with optic nerve disease.

• Tawse KL, Hedges TR 3rd, Gobuty M, Mendoza-Santiesteban C.
• The British journal of ophthalmology.Br J Ophthalmol.2014 Jul;98(Suppl 2):ii30-ii33. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-304301. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula in patients with primary optic neuropathy has revealed the presence of structural changes in the neurosensory retina in addition to the nerve fibre layer. Subretinal fluid has been documented in papilloedema and non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropath
• PMID 24627251

• Normal macular structure measured with optical coherence tomography across ethnicity.

• Pilat AV, Proudlock FA, Mohammad S, Gottlob I.
• The British journal of ophthalmology.Br J Ophthalmol.2014 Jul;98(7):941-5. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303119. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
• OBJECTIVE: The difference in prevalence of various retinal pathologies in people of different ethnicity is well established. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used technique that allows quantitative analysis of macular structure. In this study, we investigated macular layer morphology i
• PMID 24518076

• Unique Temporal and Spatial Expression Patterns of IL-33 in Ovaries during Ovulation and Estrous Cycle Are Associated with Ovarian Tissue Homeostasis.

• Carlock CI1, Wu J1, Zhou C1, Tatum K1, Adams HP2, Tan F3, Lou Y4.
• Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2014 Jul 1;193(1):161-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400381. Epub 2014 May 23.
• Ovaries are among the most active organs. Frequently occurring events such as ovulation and ovarian atresia are accompanied with tissue destruction and repairing. Critical roles of immune cells or molecules in those events have been well recognized. IL-33 is a new member of the IL-1 cytokine gene fa
• PMID 24860190

Japanese Journal

• Real-time imaging of rabbit retina with retinal degeneration by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

• Muraoka Yuki,Ohashi Ikeda Hanako,Nakano Noriko,Hangai Masanori,Toda Yoshinobu,Okamoto-Furuta Keiko,Kohda Haruyasu,Kondo Mineo,Terasaki Hiroko,Kakizuka Akira,Yoshimura Nagahisa
• PloS one 7(4), 2012-04
• … The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and between the external limiting membrane and Bruch's membrane (ELM–BM) were reduced in RP rabbits around the visual streak, compared to WT rabbits even at 4 weeks of age, and the differences increased with age. … However, inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness in RP rabbits did not differ from that of WT during the observation period. …
• NAID 120004108231

• Outer retinal circular structures in patients with Bietti crystalline retinopathy.

• Kojima Hiroshi,Otani Atsushi,Ogino Ken,Nakagawa Satoko,Makiyama Yukiko,Kurimoto Masafumi,Guo Congrong,Yoshimura Nagahisa
• The British journal of ophthalmology 96(3), 390-393, 2012-03
• … SD-OCT revealed that most of the observed crystalline deposits were located adjacent to the inner side of retinal pigment epithelium layer. … The change most frequently observed was circular hyper-refractive structures in the outer nuclear layer. … [Conclusion] : BCR has characteristic structures in the outer nuclear layer. …
• NAID 120003988236

• 緑内障早期診断のための網膜および視神経乳頭パラメータの比較

• 小暮 俊介/小暮 朗子/堀 貞夫
• 東京女子医科大学雑誌 82(E1), E155-E164, 2012-01-31
• 目的:緑内障診断のための黄斑部、及び視神経乳頭パラメータの有用性を検証する。,対象と方法:本研究に参加の同意が得られた154眼を解析し、次の6群にわけた、すなわち正常群25眼、乳頭陥凹群27眼、視野障害前緑内障(PPG)群27眼、緑内障初期群26眼、中期群25眼、後期群24眼である。Cirrus HD-OCT を用いて、網膜パラメータ[視神経乳頭周囲網膜神経線維層(p-RNFL)、黄斑部網膜神経線 …
• NAID 110008767968

Related Links

• Inner nuclear layer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The inner nuclear layer or layer of inner granules is made up of a number of closely packed cells, of which there are three varieties, viz.: bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells.

• inner nuclear layer - meddic

網膜. 1, 色素上皮層 · 色素上皮細胞, pigment epithelium cell. 2, 杆体錐体層, rod and cone layer. 3, 外境界膜. 4, 外顆粒層 · outer nuclear layer · 視細胞 · photoreceptor. 5, 外網状層 · outer plexiform layer. 6, 内顆粒層, inner nuclear layer , 双極細胞 ...

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「網膜」「内顆粒層」
関連記事	「nuclear」「inner」「lay」「layer」「layered」

「網膜」

　　[★]

英

retina

関

眼、眼球

• 図：SP.275,

組織学

• 10層よりなる (SP.275)

構造	層		細胞体
脈絡膜
網膜
1	色素上皮層		色素上皮細胞	pigment epithelium cell
2	杆体錐体層	rod and cone layer
3	外境界膜
4	外顆粒層	outer nuclear layer	視細胞	photoreceptor
5	外網状層	outer plexiform layer
6	内顆粒層	inner nuclear layer	双極細胞	bipolar cell
			水平細胞	horizontal cell
			アマクリン細胞	amacrine cell
7	内網状層	inner plexiform layer
8	神経節細胞層	ganglion cell layer	神経節細胞	ganglion cell
9	神経線維層	optic nerve fiber layer
10	内境界膜

• 視細胞層(外顆粒層)には以下の細胞が存在

• 杆状体細胞　明暗　ロドプシン　　rhodopsin　＝　オプシン(opsin)　　　　　＋　レチナール(retinal)
• 錐状体細胞　色覚　ヨードプシン　iodopsin　＝　フォトプシン(photopsin)　＋　レチナール(retinal)

• 感覚網膜(神経上皮)　＋　網膜色素上皮　の２つの上皮からなる。

臨床関連

• 黄斑変性症
• 網脈絡膜変性疾患

• 網膜色素変性症

「内顆粒層」

　　[★]

英

inner nuclear layer

同

内果粒層？

関

外顆粒層

「nuclear」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 核の、(生物)細胞核の、(物理)原子核の

関

cell nuclei、cell nucleus、nuclei、nucleo、nucleus

　 　 　 　 　

「inner」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 内側の

関

inside、interior、medial、medialis、medially

　 　 　 　 　 　

「lay」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 横たえる、横臥させる

関

lie、recumbent

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「layer」

　　[★]

• n.

• 層

関

laminar、strata、stratum、tier

　 　 　 　 　 　

「layered」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 層状の

関

lamellar、laminar、layering、stratiform