WordNet

arranged in or consisting of laminae (同)laminal
with one layer on top of another; "superimposed rocks" (同)superimposed
thin plate
a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones

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(組織・細胞などの)薄板,薄膜

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/10 01:30:35」(JST)

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A lamella (plural lamellae) is a small plate or flake, from the Latin, and may also be used to refer to collections of fine sheets of material held adjacent to one another, in a gill-shaped structure, often with fluid in between though sometimes simply a set of 'welded' plates. The term is used in biological and engineering contexts, such as filters and heat exchangers. The microscopic structures in bone and nacre are lamellae in the materials science sense of the word.

Uses of the term

In surface chemistry (especially mineralogy and materials science), lamellar structures are fine layers, alternating between different materials. They can be produced by chemical effects (as in eutectic solidification), biological means, or a deliberate process of lamination, such as pattern welding. Lamellae can also describe the layers of atoms in the crystal lattice of a material such as a metal.

The term has been used to describe the construction of lamellar armour, as well as the layered structures that can be described by a lamellar vector field.

In a water-treatment context, lamellar filters may be referred to as plate filters or tube filters.

This term is used to describe a certain type of ichthyosis, a congenital skin condition. Lamellar Ichthyosis often presents with a "colloidal" membrane at birth. It is characterized by generalized dark scaling.

The term lamella(e) is used in the flooring industry to describe the finished top-layer of an engineered wooden floor. For example, an engineered walnut floor will have several layers of wood and a top walnut lamella.

In archaeology the term is used for a variety of small flat and thin objects, such as Amulet MS 5236, a very thin gold plate with a stamped text from Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC.

In September 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a recall of two medications which contained "extremely thin glass flakes (lamellae) that are barely visible in most cases. The lamellae result from the interaction of the formulation with glass vials over the shelf life of the product."^[1]

References

^ Amgen Initiates Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Certain Lots Of Epogen And Procrit (Epoetin Alfa)

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Well-defined plate and hollow disk shaped particles of silica-dialkyldimethylammonium hybrids.

Machida S1, Yoshida T2, Hashimoto R2, Ogawa M3.Author information 1Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.2Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.3Department of Earth Sciences, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan; Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan. Electronic address: makoto@waseda.jp.AbstractWell-defined plate and hollow disk of silica-dioctadecyldimethylammonium hybrid particles were obtained by the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane in the presence of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, where synthetic condition was determined based on the Stöber synthesis for micron size silica sphere. The particle size was several hundreds of nm in the radius and several tens of nm in the thickness. X-ray powder diffraction patterns indicated that the products possess layered mesostructures, which were thought to be directed by the lamellar aggregates of dioctadecyldimethylammonium.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2014 Apr 15;420:66-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
Well-defined plate and hollow disk of silica-dioctadecyldimethylammonium hybrid particles were obtained by the sol-gel reaction of tetraethoxysilane in the presence of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, where synthetic condition was determined based on the Stöber synthesis for micron size silica
PMID 24559701

A preliminary descriptive analysis of Corneal Transplant Registry of National Eye Bank in India.

Gogia V1, Gupta S1, Titiyal JS1, Panda A1, Pandey RM2, Tandon R3.Author information 1Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.2Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.3Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: radhika_tan@yahoo.com.AbstractPURPOSE: To describe and analyze the Corneal Transplant Registry of National Eye Bank and also evaluate graft outcomes in India.
Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association.Cont Lens Anterior Eye.2014 Apr;37(2):111-5. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2013.08.155. Epub 2013 Sep 22.
PURPOSE: To describe and analyze the Corneal Transplant Registry of National Eye Bank and also evaluate graft outcomes in India.METHODS: All patients who underwent corneal transplant at our center within six months of setting up of Corneal Transplant Registry and installation of database at National
PMID 24064181

Foamy macrophage responses in the rat lung following exposure to inhaled pharmaceuticals: a simple, pragmatic approach for inhaled drug development.

Lewis DJ1, Williams TC, Beck SL.Author information 1Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Herts, SG12 0DP, UK.AbstractSuccesses in the field of respiratory medicines are largely limited to three main target classes: β2 -adrenergic receptor agonists, muscarinic antagonists and corticosteroids. A significant factor in attrition during the development of respiratory medicines is the induction of foamy macrophage responses, particularly, in rats. The term foamy macrophage describes a vacuolated cytoplasmic appearance, seen by light microscopy, which is ultrastructurally characterized by the presence of lysosomal lamellar bodies, neutral lipid droplets or drug particles. We propose a simple classification, based light-heartedly on the theme 'the good, the bad and the ugly', which allows important distinctions to be made between phenotypes, aetiologies and adversity. Foamy macrophages induced in rat lungs by exposure to inhaled β2 -agonists, antimuscarinics and corticosteroids are simple aggregates of uniform cells without other associated pathologies. In contrast, macrophage reactions induced by some other inhaled drug classes are more complex, associated with neutrophilic or lymphocytic infiltrations with/without damage to the adjacent alveolar walls. Foamy macrophage responses induced by inhaled drugs may be ascribed to either phagocytosis of poorly soluble drug particles, or to pharmacology. Both corticosteroids and β2 -agonists increase surfactant synthesis whereas muscarinic antagonists may decrease surfactant breakdown, due to inhibition of phospholipase C, both of which lead to phagocytosis of excess surfactant. Simple foamy macrophage responses are considered non-adverse, whereas ones that are more complex are designated as adverse. The development of foamy macrophage responses has led to confusion in interpretation and we hope this review helps clarify what is in fact a relatively simple, predictable, easily interpretable, commonly induced change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.J Appl Toxicol.2014 Apr;34(4):319-31. doi: 10.1002/jat.2950. Epub 2013 Nov 6.
Successes in the field of respiratory medicines are largely limited to three main target classes: β2 -adrenergic receptor agonists, muscarinic antagonists and corticosteroids. A significant factor in attrition during the development of respiratory medicines is the induction of foamy macrophage resp
PMID 24474237

Japanese Journal

Rheo-optical Raman study of microscopic deformation in high-density polyethylene under hot drawing

Kida Takumitsu,Hiejima Yusuke,Nitta Koh-hei
Polymer Testing 44, 30-36, 2015-07-01
… These microscopic structural changes were caused by the thermal activation of the molecular motion within lamellar crystalline chains owing to the onset of relaxation of the crystalline phase. …
NAID 120005613967

フェムトセカンドレーザーの表層移植への応用 (特集角膜移植術の最先端と適応)

岡本茂樹
Oculista = オクリスタ (26), 40-45, 2015-05
NAID 40020495744

マルチラメラリポソームの特長と化粧品への適用 (特集化粧品の新原料、原料の新機能(2)未来に向く目)

安田純子,森本裕史,大内栄子
Fragrance journal = フレグランスジャーナル 43(4), 66-69, 2015-04
NAID 40020446589

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「laminar」「層状」「layered」「layering」「stratiform」
拡張検索	「unilamellar vesicle」「unilamellar liposome」「interlamellar」