関: incomplete

WordNet

not yet finished; "his thesis is still incomplete"; "an uncompleted play" (同)uncompleted
not complete or total; not completed; "an incomplete account of his life"; "political consequences of incomplete military success"; "an incomplete forward pass" (同)uncomplete
develop into a distinctive entity; "our plans began to take shape" (同)take form, take shape, spring
assume a form or shape; "the water formed little beads"
the visual appearance of something or someone; "the delicate cast of his features" (同)shape, cast
a mold for setting concrete; "they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation"
a particular mode in which something is manifested; "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility"
a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them" (同)shape, pattern
(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; "a new strain of microorganisms" (同)variant, strain, var.
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached" (同)word form, signifier, descriptor
a printed document with spaces in which to write; "he filled out his tax form"
an ability to perform well; "he was at the top of his form"; "the team was off form last night"
an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse; "the essay was in the form of a dialogue"; "he first sketches the plot in outline form"
to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"; "The branches made a roof"; "This makes a fine introduction" (同)constitute, make
create (as an entity); "social groups form everywhere"; "They formed a company" (同)organize, organise
having or given a form or shape

PrepTutorEJDIC

不完全な;未完成の
〈C〉〈U〉(色・材質に対して)『形』,形状,姿 / 〈C〉『人体』,体つき / 〈C〉〈U〉『外観』,格好,人影 / 〈C〉〈U〉(ものの現れる)『形態』,形式 / 〈C〉(生物などの)『種類』,品種 / 〈U〉(芸術作品の)表現形式 / 〈U〉(特にスポーツで)(競技者の)フォーム / 〈U〉(心身の)調子,元気 / 〈C〉(印刷された)書き込み用紙,ひな形 / 〈U〉《話》(ある集団などの)やり方,仕方,方式 / 〈C〉〈U〉しきたり,伝統的な儀式 / 〈C〉(英国の学校・米国のある学校で)学年,学級 / 〈U〉〈C〉(意味に対する)形態,形;語形 / 〈C〉(通例寄りかかりのない)長い木のいす / 〈素材〉‘に'形を与える,(…に)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (素材から)…‘を'形作る《+『名』+『out of』+『名』》 / …‘を'組織する,構成する / 〈考えなど〉‘を'まとめる,思い付く;〈計画など〉‘を'立てる / 〈習慣など〉‘を'身に付ける;〈交際など〉‘を'結ぶ / 〈文章など〉‘を'組み立てる;〈複数形など〉‘を'作る / (ある順序に)配列する,整列させる / 〈物が〉形を成す / 生じる,現れる / (…に)なる《+『into』+『名』》
《時間・距離》『…の間』 / 《利益・貢献》『…のために』 / 《適応・用途》『…向きの(に);』…用の(に);…のための(に) / 《目的・意向》『…のために,』に / 《敬意・記念》『…のために;』…を記念して / 《獲得・追求》『…を得るために』,を求めて / 《行く先・方向》『…あてに;』…[方面]行きの,に向けて / 《交換・報償など》『…に対して』;…と引き換えに;…のお返しに / 《原因・理由》『…のために』,なので / 《代理・代表》『…の代わりに;』…を代表して / 《形容詞の後に用いて》『…にとって,』には / 《比較級の後に用いて》『…の結果として,』…のために / 《対比》『…としては,』のわりには / 《関連》『…について,』の点では / 《資格・属性》『…として』 / 《賛成・支持》…『に賛成して』,を支持して / 《傾向・好み》…『に対する』,には / 《模倣》《おもに米》《英文》…の名を取って(after) / 《割合》…に対して / 《『for』+『名』〈人〉+『to』 doの形で,〈人〉が不定詞to doの意味上の主語を表して》…が(…することは,…するために) / […というのは]…だから

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/21 16:05:52」(JST)

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In medicine, a forme fruste (French, “crude, or unfinished, form”; pl., formes frustes) is an atypical or attenuated manifestation of a disease or syndrome, with the implications of incompleteness, partial presence or aborted state. The context is usually one of a well defined clinical or pathological entity, which the case at hand almost — but not quite — fits.

An opposite term in medicine, forme pleine — seldom used by English-speaking physicians — means the complete, or full-blown, form of a disease.

Use

According to gastroenterologist William Haubrich:

A patient may exhibit sudden, intense, epigastric pain and a rigid abdomen. He is thought to have a perforated peptic ulcer. But at operation, only a penetrating ulcer is found, sealed off by adhesion to the omentum or anterior abdominal wall. Such a patient is said to have a forme fruste of acute free perforation as a complication of his peptic ulcer disease.^[1]

History

The Latin phrase frustra esse means "to be mistaken" or "to be confused". As a technical term in French, the cognate fruste has been used in two related ways. First, as an antiquarian’s term it refers to a coin, medal or ancient stone on which figures and characters can no longer be recognized due to wear. Secondly, it was employed in natural history to denote mollusk shells whose striations, grooves or tips were worn down. By extension, this sense could be applied to sculpture, pottery, or other objects of great antiquity.

It was in this sense of “indistinctness due to wear or through long use” that the great French internist Armand Trousseau (1801–67) first employed the term in connection with an obscured form of Graves' disease, which he described as a “…maladie dite fruste par l’absence du goitre et de l’exophthalmie” (“…disease said to be crude [i.e., indistinct] for its absence of goiter and exophthalmia”)^[2]

The sense of the term in medicine has slightly evolved to mean a “not fully developed form of an illness”, rather than simply an obscure form. Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) often used the term forme fruste in connection with incomplete or obscured cases of neuroses and psychoses and thus the literature of psychoanalysis is replete with it. (An equivalent term in German is minimalvariante, but Freud used the French version.)

List of "forme fruste" medical syndromes

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

"Forme fruste keratoconus", as opposed to "frank" keratoconus
"Zona fruste", early name for zoster sine herpete (shingles without the rash)
"Forme fruste mitral regurgitation", mitral regurg due to fibroelastic deficiency with myxomatous changes (as opposed to fully formed degenerative changes seen in Barlow's disease).
"Forme fruste cleft lip", also known as microform. This is the stated cause of the scar on actor Joaquin Phoenix's upper lip
"'Formes fruste of Churg-Strauss syndrome" have also been described as eosinophilic vasculitis and/or eosinophilic granulomas in isolated organs without evidence of systemic disease
"'Formes fruste type of Calcaneonavicular Coalition", the mildest type of CN coalition prior to Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or osseous types.
"Forme fruste Choledochal Cyst", variant of Choledocal cyst described in children in which there is Anomalous Pancreatico Biliary Ductal Junction (APBDJ) with minimal dilatation of Bile duct (6-10mm) in children and associated biliary and/ or pancreatic symptoms. Treatment of choice is bile duct excision. Reason for surgery is significant risk of malignancy and symptomatic relief of symptoms.
"Forme fruste Rett Syndrome", variant of Rett Syndrome which has a later age of onset compared with the classical form, with regression occurring between 1 to 3 years of age; hand use is sometimes preserved with minimal stereotypic movements
unilateral papillary cystadenoma is supposed to be forme fruste of VHL disease(mostofi and price 1973) ^[3]^[4]
"'Forme fruste of an epileptiform discharge", an EEG abnormality which appears similar to an epileptiform discharge but with a poorly-defined or nonstereotypic morphology, or with a more limited or fragmented cephalic distribution. This abnormality may represent a discharge which is less well-formed due to treatment with medications, or may be seen as an age-limited epilepsy syndrome is remitting.

References

^ Haubrich, William S. (1997), Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American College of Physicians, pg 85.
^ Eulenberg, A., (1910), “The Present Status of Graves' Disease (Exophthalmic Goiter. Basedow’s Disease)”; In: Church, Archibald, editor (1910), Diseases of the Nervous System (Series: Modern Clinical Medicine); Translation of German original; New York and London: D. Appleton and Company, pp 961-962.
^ Zoghbi, Huda Y. (2007). The Story of Rett Syndrome: From Clinic to Neurobiology (PDF). Cell Press.
^ Zappella, M; et al. (2001). "Preserved speech variants of the Rett syndrome: molecualr and clinical analysis". American Journal of Medical Genetics 104: 14–22. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10005.

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English Journal

Inspissated bile syndrome; Safe and effective minimally invasive treatment with percutaneous cholecystostomy in neonates and infants.

Bollu BK1, Dawrant MJ2, Thacker K3, Thomas G2, Chenapragadda M4, Gaskin K3, Shun A2.
Journal of pediatric surgery.J Pediatr Surg.2016 Dec;51(12):2119-2122. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.09.053. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
PURPOSE: Inspissated bile syndrome (IBS) is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice in neonates and infants with several treatment options reported. We present our experience with the use of minimally invasive ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystostomy drain catheter placement with ongoing saline l
PMID 27712892

Somatic AKT1 mutations cause meningiomas colocalizing with a characteristic pattern of cranial hyperostosis.

Keppler-Noreuil KM1, Baker EH2, Sapp JC3, Lindhurst MJ3, Biesecker LG3.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2016 Oct;170(10):2605-10. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37737. Epub 2016 Aug 23.
Somatic genetic mutations in meningiomas are associated with histologic subtypes, anatomical location, and grade. Concomitant hyperostosis occurs with some meningiomas and the pathogenesis is not well understood. Cranial hyperostosis and meningiomas are common in patients with Proteus syndrome, whic
PMID 27550858

Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations after Intramuscular Medroxyprogesterone: A Forme Fruste of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension?

Bahall M1, Reyes AJ2, Ramcharan K3, Hosein N3, Seegobin K2, Bahall K2, Sharma H2, Dhansingh S2, Mahabir A2.
Neurology international.Neurol Int.2016 Sep 30;8(3):6132. eCollection 2016.
We report a case of a 22-year-old female student nurse who presented to hospital with an acute neuro-ophthalmological syndrome characterized by papilledema, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and headache after a single first time use of 150 mg medroxyprogesterone intramuscular injection. Clinical, laboratory,
PMID 27761224

Japanese Journal

PD-8-4 Forme Fruste Choledochal Cyst長期予後の検討,特に手術手技に着目して(PD8 パネルディスカッション(8)胆道拡張のない膵・胆管合流異常症,膵管形成異常症の治療:成人領域と小児領域,第111回日本外科学会定期学術集会)

古賀寛之,下高原昭廣,宮野剛,中村弘樹,加藤義史,岡崎任晴,山高篤行
日本外科学会雑誌 112(臨時増刊号_1・2), 277, 2011-05-25
NAID 110008683498

A Japanese Adult Case of Forme Fruste Cystic Fibrosis

Oka Hiroaki,Ishii Hiroshi,Kishi Kenji,Yokoyama Atsushi,Komiya Kosaku,Otani Satoshi,Yoshioka Daisuke,Shirai Ryo,Tokimatsu Issei,Hiramatsu Kazufumi,Kadota Jun-ichi
Internal Medicine 49(12), 1251-1252, 2010
NAID 130000251668

Forme fruste or incipient form of widespread-type amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or motor neuron disease with pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy? An autopsy case report

HASHIMOTO Tomoyo,MATSUBARA Shiro,MOCHIZUKI Yoko,TSUJI Sadatoshi,MIZUTANI Toshio,OYANAGI Kiyomitsu
Neuropathology : official journal the Japanese Society of Neuropathology 28(6), 309-316, 2008-06-01
NAID 10029319606