WordNet

(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid (同)soaking up
(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; "the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules"
cause to become one with; "The sales tax is absorbed into the state income tax"
become imbued; "The liquids, light, and gases absorb"
take up mentally; "he absorbed the knowledge or beliefs of his tribe" (同)assimilate, ingest, take_in
consume all of ones attention or time; "Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely" (同)engross, engage, occupy
take in, also metaphorically; "The sponge absorbs water well"; "She drew strength from the ministers words" (同)suck, imbibe, soak up, sop up, suck up, draw, take_in, take_up
suck or take up or in; "A black star absorbs all matter" (同)take_in
take up, as of debts or payments; "absorb the costs for something" (同)take_over
assimilate or take in; "The immigrants were quickly absorbed into society"
the process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption)
the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation (同)reabsorption

PrepTutorEJDIC

吸収,併合 / (…に)夢中になること,専心すること《+『in』+『名』》
〈液体〉'を'『吸収する』,吸い込む / 〈光・音・熱・エネルギーなど〉'を'吸収する / 〈思想など〉'を'取り入れる / 〈国・町・村など〉'を'併合する;(…に)…'を'併合する《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / 〈心・注意・時間〉'を'『すっかり奪う』
(物理化学で)収着

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/06 15:49:49」(JST)

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Not to be confused with adsorption.

Look up absorption, absorbed, absorbency, absorbent, or absorbs in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Absorption may refer to:

Chemistry and biology

Absorption (chemistry), absorption of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material
Absorption (skin), a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin
Absorption (pharmacokinetics), absorption of drugs in body
CO2 scrubber, the absorbent in a rebreather
Absorption (small intestine)

Physics and mechanical engineering

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of light or other electromagnetic radiation by a material
Absorption (acoustics), absorption of sound waves by a material
Dielectric absorption, a determination of how much electrical permittivity a material has
Absorption refrigerator, a refrigerator that runs on surplus heat rather than electricity
Absorption air conditioning, a type of solar air conditioning

Mathematics and economics

Absorption law, in mathematics, an identity linking a pair of binary operations
Absorbing element, in mathematics, an element that does not change when it is combined in a binary operation with some other element
Absorption (economics), the total demand of an economy for goods and services both from within and without
Absorption costing, or total absorption costing, a method for appraising or valuing a firm's total inventory by including all the manufacturing costs incurred to produce those goods

Logic

Absorption (logic), one of the rules of inference

UpToDate Contents

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1. 薬理ゲノム学の概要 overview of pharmacogenomics
2. 栄養の吸収および吸収不良の機序 mechanisms of nutrient absorption and malabsorption
3. 小児および思春期の患者におけるアセトアミノフェン（パラセタモール）中毒の
臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acetaminophen paracetamol poisoning in children and adolescents
4. 成人におけるバンコマイシン投与および血清濃度のモニタリング vancomycin dosing and serum concentration monitoring in adults
5. ヌクレオシド系逆転写酵素阻害剤の薬理学 pharmacology of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

English Journal

Gender differences in adverse drug reactions in dermatological patients in west Sicily: an epidemiological study.

Pistone G1, Gurreri R, Alaimo R, Curiale S, Bongiorno MR.Author information 1Department of Dermatology, University of Palermo , Via del Vespro 131, 90127 Palermo, Sicily , Italy.AbstractPURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to show that gender also plays an important role in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug toxicity. It is only fair to take into account the so-called "gender-based medicine."
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):510-2. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2013.814755. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to show that gender also plays an important role in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug toxicity. It is only fair to take into account the so-called "gender-based medicine."METHODS: We again selected admission for cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADRs
PMID 23763287

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and topical steroid therapy: case series and review of the literature.

Decani S1, Federighi V, Baruzzi E, Sardella A, Lodi G.Author information 1Dipartimento di scienze biomediche, chirurgiche e odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy.AbstractTopical corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory oral mucosal diseases; among them, clobetasol propionate is one of the most widely used in oral medicine. Under physiological conditions, the transmucosal application is characterized by a significantly greater absorption than the skin application. Contrary to many publications about the side effects of topical corticosteroids in dermatology, few studies have investigated the systemic effects due to local application of these drugs on oral mucosa. Although topical steroid therapy for the management of oral diseases is generally associated with local adverse effects (candidiasis, stomatopyrosis, and hypogeusia), these drugs can also lead to systemic side effects, such as suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and Cushing's syndrome. This review reports five cases of systemic adverse effects caused by clobetasol propionate topical treatment.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2014 Dec;25(6):495-500. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.755252. Epub 2013 Feb 3.
Topical corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy in patients with chronic inflammatory oral mucosal diseases; among them, clobetasol propionate is one of the most widely used in oral medicine. Under physiological conditions, the transmucosal application is characterized by a significantly g
PMID 23210698

Investigation into physical-chemical variables affecting the manufacture and dissolution of wet-milled clarithromycin nanoparticles.

Shahbazi Niaz M1, Traini D, Young PM, Ghadiri M, Rohanizadeh R.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .AbstractA critical problem associated with poor water-soluble drugs is their low and variable bioavailability, which is derived from the slow dissolution and erratic absorption. Nano-formulation has been identified as one approach to enhance the rate and extent of drug absorption for compounds that demonstrate limited water solubility. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical variables that affect the manufacture, dissolution and consequent bioavailability of wet-milled clarithromycin (CLA) nanoparticles, a macrolide antibiotic. CLA nanoparticles were prepared using wet milling method followed by freeze-drying. Different stabilizer systems, consisting of surfactants and polymers alone or their combinations were studied to determine the optimum conditions for producing nano-sized CLA particles. In vitro characterizations of the CLA nanoparticles were performed using dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and dissolution efficiency test. Results showed that in general the wet milling process did not modify the crystallinity of the CLA nanoparticles. The poloxamers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizers resulted in nanoparticles with the smallest particle size and best dissolution rates. Furthermore, poloxamers F68 and F127, and PVA stabilizers demonstrated the best performance in increasing dissolution efficacy.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):911-21. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.840844. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
A critical problem associated with poor water-soluble drugs is their low and variable bioavailability, which is derived from the slow dissolution and erratic absorption. Nano-formulation has been identified as one approach to enhance the rate and extent of drug absorption for compounds that demonstr
PMID 24093825

Solid dispersions of the penta-ethyl ester prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA): formulation design and optimization studies.

Yang YT1, Di Pasqua AJ, Zhang Y, Sueda K, Jay M.Author information 1Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA.AbstractThe penta-ethyl ester prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which exists as an oily liquid, was incorporated into a solid dispersion for oral administration by the solvent evaporation method using blends of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Eudragit® RL PO and α-tocopherol. D-optimal mixture design was used to optimize the formulation. Formulations that had a high concentration of both Eudragit® RL PO and α-tocopherol exhibited low water absorption and enhanced stability of the DTPA prodrug. Physicochemical properties of the optimal formulation were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro release of the prodrug was evaluated using the USP Type II apparatus dissolution method. DSC studies indicated that the matrix had an amorphous structure, while FTIR spectrometry showed that DTPA penta-ethyl ester and excipients did not react with each other during formation of the solid dispersion. Dissolution testing showed that the optimized solid dispersion exhibited a prolonged release profile, which could potentially result in a sustained delivery of DTPA penta-ethyl to enhance bioavailability. In conclusion, DTPA penta-ethyl ester was successfully incorporated into a solid matrix with high drug loading and improved stability compared to prodrug alone.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):806-12. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836216. Epub 2013 Sep 19.
The penta-ethyl ester prodrug of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which exists as an oily liquid, was incorporated into a solid dispersion for oral administration by the solvent evaporation method using blends of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Eudragit® RL PO and α-tocopherol. D-optimal mix
PMID 24047113

Japanese Journal

Preparation of LaB6 Powders via Calciothermic Reduction using Mechanochemistry and Acid Leaching

, , ,
KONA Powder and Particle Journal advpub(0), 2016
… Characterization investigations were carried out by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), particle size analyzer (PSA), stereomicroscope (SM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (TEM/EDS) and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). …
NAID 130005064513

Line monitoring by near-infrared chemometric technique for potential ethanol production from hydrothermally treated Eucalyptus globulus

Horikawa Yoshiki,Imai Makiko,Kanai Keiko,Imai Tomoya,Watanabe Takashi,Takabe Keiji,Kobayashi Yoshinori,Sugiyama Junji
Biochemical Engineering Journal 97, 65-72, 2015-05
… By investigating the regression coefficient to understand the key regions and chemical components, for original and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC)-treated spectra, the water absorption and higher wavenumber regions were important. … The regression coefficient demonstrated that the removal of hemicellulose resulted in higher lignin content, which might affect the biomass properties in terms of water absorption and enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis evaluated by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. …
NAID 120005555522

Efficiency improvement in Si thin film solar cells by employing composite nanocone-shaped grating structure

Zhang Zhen,Qiu Bocang,Shao Biao,Wu Xuemei,Zhang Ruiying
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 54(6), 062301, 2015-04-28
… The improvement in both the light absorption and energy conversion efficiency for thin film silicon solar cells by employing Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/Si or SiN/Si composite nanocone-shaped gratings (CNCG) is theoretically studied. … Our results show that the enhancement of the absorption and efficiency for Si thin film solar cells decorated by CNCG is mainly dominated by the nanocone-shaped gratings, but slightly fluctuated with the dielectric cladding layer and its thickness. …
NAID 150000110658

Fermi energy-dependence of electromagnetic wave absorption in graphene

Ukhtary M.,Hasdeo Eddwi,Nugraha Ahmad,Saito Riichiro
Appl. Phys. Express 8(5), 055102, 2015-04-22
… In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate that the absorption of 10–100 GHz of an electromagnetic wave can be tuned from nearly 0 to 100% by varying the Fermi energy of graphene when the angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave is kept within total internal reflection geometry. … We calculate the absorption probability of the electromagnetic wave as a function of the Fermi energy of graphene and the angle of incidence of the wave. …
NAID 150000110550

「ADME」

　　[★]

同: absorption/distribution/metabolism/excretion
関

吸収	Absorption
分布	Distribution
代謝	Metabolism
排泄	Excretion

薬物の投与経路と血中濃度

			血中濃度ピークまでの時間	血中濃度ピークの高さ
静脈注射	i.v.	intravenous	++++	++++
筋内注射	i.m.	intramuscular	+++	+++
皮下投与	s.c.	subcutaneous	++	++
経口投与	p.o.	peroral	+	+