- 同
- RISC
WordNet
- reason or establish by induction
- cause to arise; "induce a crisis" (同)bring_on
- produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes (同)induct
- cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; "The ads induced me to buy a VCR"; "My children finally got me to buy a computer"; "My wife made me buy a new sofa" (同)stimulate, cause, have, get, make
- cause to occur rapidly; "the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions" (同)stimulate, rush, hasten
- complicated in structure; consisting of interconnected parts; "a complex set of variations based on a simple folk melody"; "a complex mass of diverse laws and customs"
- a compound described in terms of the central atom to which other atoms are bound or coordinated (同)coordination_compound
- a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts; "the complex of shopping malls, houses, and roads created a new town" (同)composite
- (psychoanalysis) a combination of emotions and impulses that have been rejected from awareness but still influence a persons behavior
- the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)r
- brought about or caused; not spontaneous; "a case of steroid-induced weakness"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈人〉‘に'『勧めて』(…)『させる』 / …‘を'『引き起こす』,もたらす(cause) / 〈電気〉‘を'誘導する / …‘を'帰納する
- 『いくつかの部分から成る』,複合の,合成の / 『複雑な』,入りくんだ,こみいった(complicated) / 複合体,合成物 / コンプレックス,複合(抑圧されて心に残った複雑なしこり)
- resistance / 17歳以下父兄同伴映画の表示 / rook
- ribonucleic acid・リボ核酸
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/04 14:43:50」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
The RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex that incorporates one strand of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA (miRNA). RISC uses the siRNA or miRNA as a template for recognizing complementary mRNA. When it finds a complementary strand, it activates argonaute (a protein within RISC) and cleaves the RNA. This process is important both in gene regulation by microRNAs and in defense against viral infections, which often use double-stranded RNA as an infectious vector.[1]
Contents
- 1 Strands
- 2 Binding
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Strands
The RNA endonuclease Dicer plays a role in aiding RISC action by providing the initial RNA material to activate the complex as well as the first RNA substrate molecule. When the Dicer, which has endonuclease activity against dsRNA and pre-miRNAs, cleaves a pre-miRNA stem-loop or a dsRNA, a 20- to 25-base-pair double-stranded RNA fragment is formed with a two-nucleotide 3' overhang at each end.[2][3]
- One strand is integrated into the RISC complex. This strand is known as the guide strand and is selected by the argonaute protein, the catalytically active RNase in the RISC complex, on the basis of the thermodynamic stability of the 5' end.[4] The strand with a less thermodynamically stable 5' end is loaded into the RISC complex.[5]
- The remaining strand, known as the anti-guide or passenger strand, is degraded as a RISC complex substrate.[6]
Binding
The RISC with a bound siRNA recognizes complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and degrades them, resulting in substantially decreased levels of protein translation and effectively turning off the gene. It is as yet unclear how the activated RISC complex locates the mRNA targets in the cell, though it has been shown that the process can occur in situations outside of ongoing protein translation from mRNA.[7] Endogenously expressed miRNA in metazoans is usually imperfectly complementary to a large number of nuclear genes and has a modulating effect on these genes' levels of expression via translational repression.[8] However, in plants the process has a much greater specificity to the mRNA and usually each miRNA only binds to one mRNA. Recently identified members of RISC complex are SND1(p100 Coactivator or Tudor SN)and AEG-1(MTDH).[9] AEG-1 and SND1 are oncogenes and regulates various gene expression.[10]
See also
- RNA interference
- RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS)
References
- ^ Watson, James D. (2008). Molecular Biology of the Gene. San Francisco, CA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 641–648. ISBN 978-0-8053-9592-1.
- ^ Zamore P, Tuschl T, Sharp P, Bartel D (2000). "RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals". Cell 101 (1): 25–33. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80620-0. PMID 10778853.
- ^ Vermeulen A, Behlen L, Reynolds A, Wolfson A, Marshall W, Karpilow J, Khvorova A (2005). "The contributions of dsRNA structure to Dicer specificity and efficiency". RNA 11 (5): 674–82. doi:10.1261/rna.7272305. PMC 1370754. PMID 15811921.
- ^ Preall JB, He Z, Gorra JM, Sontheimer EJ (March 2006). "Short interfering RNA strand selection is independent of dsRNA processing polarity during RNAi in Drosophila". Curr. Biol. 16 (5): 530–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.061. PMID 16527750.
- ^ Siomi H, Siomi MC (22 January 2009). "On the road to reading the RNA-interference code". Nature 457 (7228): 396–404. doi:10.1038/nature07754. PMID 19158785.
- ^ Gregory RI, Chendrimada TP, Cooch N, Shiekhattar R (November 2005). "Human RISC couples microRNA biogenesis and posttranscriptional gene silencing". Cell 123 (4): 631–40. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.022. PMID 16271387.
- ^ Sen GL, Wehrman TS, Blau HM (2005). "mRNA translation is not a prerequisite for small interfering RNA-mediated mRNA cleavage". Differentiation 73 (6): 287–93. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.00029.x. PMID 16138829.
- ^ Saumet A, Lecellier CH (2006). "Anti-viral RNA silencing: do we look like plants ?". Retrovirology 3 (3): 3. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-3-3. PMC 1363733. PMID 16409629.
- ^ Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2011). "Increased RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) Activity Contributes to Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Hepatology 53 (5): 1538–48. doi:10.1002/hep.24216. PMC 3081619. PMID 21520169.
- ^ Yoo BK, Emdad L, Lee SG, Su ZZ, Santhekadur P, Chen D, Gredler R, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (April 2011). "Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1): a multifunctional regulator of normal and abnormal physiology". Pharmacol. Ther. 130 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.008. PMC 3043119. PMID 21256156.
External links
- Schwarz DS, Tomari Y, Zamore PD (2004). "The RNA-induced silencing complex is a Mg2+-dependent endonuclease". Curr. Biol. 14 (9): 787–91. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.008. PMID 15120070.
- Dcr-1 and Dcr-2 have distinct but overlapping roles in the siRNA and miRNA silencing pathways
- RNA-Induced Silencing Complex at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- RNAiAtlas - database of siRNA libraries and their target analysis results
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Hydrolase: esterases (EC 3.1)
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| 3.1.1: Carboxylic ester hydrolases |
- Cholinesterase
- Acetylcholinesterase
- Butyrylcholinesterase
- Pectinesterase
- 6-phosphogluconolactonase
- PAF acetylhydrolase
- Lipase
- Bile salt-dependent
- Gastric/Lingual
- Pancreatic
- Lysosomal
- Hormone-sensitive
- Endothelial
- Hepatic
- Lipoprotein
- Monoacylglycerol
- Diacylglycerol
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| 3.1.2: Thioesterase |
- Palmitoyl protein thioesterase
- Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1
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| 3.1.3: Phosphatase |
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Acid phosphatase (Prostatic)/Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/Purple acid phosphatases
- Nucleotidase
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase
- OCRL
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
- Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase
- PTEN
- Phytase
- Inositol-phosphate phosphatase
- Phosphoprotein phosphatase: Protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Protein serine/threonine phosphatase
- Dual-specificity phosphatase
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| 3.1.4: Phosphodiesterase |
- Autotaxin
- Phospholipase
- Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
- PDE1
- PDE2
- PDE3
- PDE4A/PDE4B
- PDE5
- Lecithinase (Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin)
- Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
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| 3.1.6: Sulfatase |
- arylsulfatase
- Arylsulfatase A
- Arylsulfatase B
- Arylsulfatase E
- Steroid sulfatase
- Galactosamine-6 sulfatase
- Iduronate-2-sulfatase
- N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase
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Nuclease (includes
deoxyribonuclease and
ribonuclease) |
| 3.1.11-16: Exonuclease |
| Exodeoxyribonuclease |
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| Exoribonuclease |
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| 3.1.21-31: Endonuclease |
| Endodeoxyribonuclease |
- Deoxyribonuclease I
- Deoxyribonuclease II
- Deoxyribonuclease IV
- Restriction enzyme
- UvrABC endonuclease
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| Endoribonuclease |
- RNase III
- RNase H
- RNase P
- RNase A
- RNase T1
- RNA-induced silencing complex
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| either deoxy- or ribo- |
- Aspergillus nuclease S1
- Micrococcal nuclease
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- B
- enzm
- 1.1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 10
- 11
- 13
- 14
- 15-18
- 2.1
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 5.1
- 6.1-3
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A role for Mediator complex subunit MED13L in Rb/E2F-induced growth arrest.
- Angus SP, Nevins JR.SourceDuke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Oncogene.Oncogene.2012 Jan 16. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.622. [Epub ahead of print]
- The Rb/E2F pathway is deregulated in virtually all human tumors. It is clear that, in addition to Rb itself, essential cofactors required for transcriptional repression and silencing of E2F target genes are mutated or lost in cancer. To identify novel cofactors required for Rb/E2F-mediated inhibitio
- PMID 22249253
- A forward genetic screen to study mammalian RNA interference - essential role of RNase IIIa domain of Dicer1 in 3' strand cleavage of dsRNA in vivo.
- Ohishi K, Nakano T.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Medical School, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Pathology Division, Integrated Biology Laboratories, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- The FEBS journal.FEBS J.2012 Jan 5. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08474.x. [Epub ahead of print]
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a major posttranscriptional regulatory pathway in many eukaryotes. The RNase III enzyme Dicer1 processes precursor RNAs into small RNA duplexes to be loaded onto Argonaute (Ago) proteins, the effector components of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Biochemical studies
- PMID 22221880
Japanese Journal
- Biogenesis of trans-acting siRNAs, endogenous secondary siRNAs in plants
- Yoshikawa Manabu
- Genes & Genetic Systems 88(2), 77-84, 2013
- … Following miRNA-directed cleavage, either 5′ or 3′ cleavage fragments are converted into double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) by RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6. … Secondary siRNAs that are important for the amplification of RNA silencing are defined as siRNAs whose production is initiated by the cleavage of primary small RNA-containing RNA-induced silencing complexes. …
- NAID 130003361000
- DNA-RNA hybrid formation mediates RNAi-directed heterochromatin formation
- Nakama Mina,Kawakami Kei,Kajitani Takuya,Urano Takeshi,Murakami Yota
- Genes to Cells 17(3), 218-233, 2012-03
- … Here, using RNA-immunoprecipitation assay, we showed that the heterochromatic ncRNA associated with chromatin via the formation of a DNA:RNA hybrid and bound to the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) complex. … The presence of DNA:RNA hybrid in the cell was also confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis using anti-DNA:RNA hybrid antibody. …
- NAID 80022485554
- Structural Insights for Design of Inhibitors against RISC Function
- Yamayoshi Asako,Yamada Yukiko,Kobori Akio,Murakami Akira
- Chemistry Letters 41(12), 1684-1685, 2012
- … For functional inhibition of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), we examined inhibitors called "twist-silencing oligonucleotides (TSO)" containing a linker moiety at the center position of oligonucleotides targeting guide strands in RISC. … The concept described in this study may be promising and applicable to regulate small RNA functions. …
- NAID 130004426480
Related Links
- El término RNA-induced silencing complex figura en la edición en idioma inglés de Wikipedia. Allí se dice al respecto lo siguiente: The RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex that incorporates one strand ...
- The cytoplasmic RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) contains dsRNA binding proteins, including protein kinase RNA activator (PACT), transactivation response RNA binding protein (TRBP), and Dicer, that process pre-microRNAs ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- RNA-induced silencing complex
- 同
- RNA-induced silencing complex
[★]
- 英
- RNA-induced silencing complex、RISC
-RISC
- 同
- RNA-induced silencing complex
[★]
- 誘発する、誘導する、誘起する、導入する、引き起こす
- 関
- cause、challenge、derivation、elicit、elicitation、evocation、evoke、guidance、induction、inductive、introduce、introduction、precipitate、provocation、provoke、spark
[★]
- 関
- complexes、complicated、composite、conjugate、intricate
[★]
[★]
-
- hypercalcaemia induced pancreatitis 高カルシウム血症による膵炎
[★]
- 同
- リボ核酸 ribonucleic acid RNA
- 関
- DNA