WordNet

stimulation that calls up (draws forth) a particular class of behaviors; "the elicitation of his testimony was not easy" (同)induction, elicitation
calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations (同)summoning
imaginative re-creation
separate as a fine suspension of solid particles
a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering
fall from clouds; "rain, snow and sleet were falling"; "Vesuvius precipitated its fiery, destructive rage on Herculaneum" (同)come_down, fall
bring about abruptly; "The crisis precipitated by Russias revolution"
fall vertically, sharply, or headlong; "Our economy precipitated into complete ruin"
hurl or throw violently; "The bridge broke and precipitated the train into the river below"
reason or establish by induction
cause to arise; "induce a crisis" (同)bring_on
produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes (同)induct
cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner; "The ads induced me to buy a VCR"; "My children finally got me to buy a computer"; "My wife made me buy a new sofa" (同)stimulate, cause, have, get, make
cause to occur rapidly; "the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions" (同)stimulate, rush, hasten
of reasoning; proceeding from particular facts to a general conclusion; "inductive reasoning"
inducing or influencing; leading on; "inductive to the sin of Eve"- John Milton (同)inducive
arising from inductance; "inductive reactance"
the state of being cancelled or annulled (同)annulment
the act (by someone having the authority) of annulling something previously done; "the revocation of a law"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(霊魂などを)呼び出すこと,招魂《+『of』+『名』》 / (感情・記憶などを)呼び起こすこと《+『of』+『名』》
…‘を'思いがけなく引き起こす,‘の'致来を早める / (…の中に)…‘を'投げ落とす,(…の状態に)…‘を'陥らせる《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / 〈流動体〉‘を'沈殿させる / (雨・雪・霧などに)〈水蒸気〉‘を'凝結させる / 〈水蒸気が〉凝結して雨(雪など)となる / 〈流動体が〉沈殿して固体になる / 大急ぎの;まっしぐらの / (化学で)沈殿物
〈人〉‘に'『勧めて』(…)『させる』 / …‘を'『引き起こす』,もたらす(cause) / 〈電気〉‘を'誘導する / …‘を'帰納する
帰納的 / (電気が)誘導の,感応の
(…から)〈霊魂など〉‘を'呼び出す《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈記憶・感情など〉‘を'呼び起こす
(…を)取り消すこと,(…の)廃止《+『of』+『名』》

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/28 12:39:28」(JST)

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Evocation is the act of calling upon or summoning a spirit, demon, god or other supernatural agent, in the Western mystery tradition. Comparable practices exist in many religions and magical traditions and may employ the use of mind-altering substances with and without uttered word formulas.

Evocation in the Western mystery tradition

John Dee and Edward Kelley evoking a spirit

The Latin word evocatio was the "calling forth" or "summoning away" of a city's tutelary deity. The ritual was conducted in a military setting either as a threat during a siege or as a result of surrender, and aimed at diverting the god's favor from the opposing city to the Roman side, customarily with a promise of a better-endowed cult or a more lavish temple.^[1] Evocatio was thus a kind of ritual dodge to mitigate looting of sacred objects or images from shrines that would otherwise be sacrilegious or impious.^[2]

The calling forth of spirits was a relatively common practice in Neoplatonism, theurgy and other esoteric systems of antiquity. In contemporary western esotericism, the magic of the grimoires is frequently seen as the classical example of this idea. Manuals such as the Greater Key of Solomon the King, The Lesser Key of Solomon (or Lemegeton), the Sacred Magic of Abramelin the Mage and many others provided instructions that combined intense devotion to the divine with the summoning of a personal cadre of spiritual advisers and familiars.

The grimoires provided a variety of methods of evocation. The spirits are, in many cases, commanded in the name of God - most commonly using cabalistic and Hellenic 'barbarous names' added together to form long litanies. The magician used wands, staves, incense and fire, daggers and complex diagrams drawn on parchment or upon the ground. In Enochian magic, spirits are evoked into a crystal ball or mirror, in which a human volunteer (a 'seer') is expected to be able to see the spirit and hear its voice, passing the words on to the evoker. Sometimes such a seer might be an actual medium, speaking as the spirit, not just for it. In other cases the spirit might be 'housed' in a symbolic image, or conjured into a diagram from which it cannot escape without the magician's permission.

While many later, corrupt and commercialized grimoires include elements of 'diabolism' and one (The Grand Grimoire) even offers a method for making a pact with the devil, in general the art of evocation of spirits is said to be done entirely under the power of the divine. The magician is thought to gain authority among the spirits only by purity, worship and personal devotion and study.

In more recent usage, evocation refers to the calling out of lesser spirits (beneath the deific or archangelic level), sometimes conceived of as arising from the self. This sort of evocation is contrasted with invocation, in which spiritual powers are called into the self from a divine source.

Important contributors to the concept of evocation include Henry Cornelius Agrippa, Francis Barrett, Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers, Aleister Crowley, Franz Bardon and Kenneth Grant. The work of all of these authors can be seen as attempts to systematize and modernize the grimoiric procedure of evocation. Many modern authors, such as Peter Carroll and Konstantinos, have attempted to describe evocation in a way independent enough from the grimoiric tradition to fit similar methods of interaction with alleged supernatural agents in other traditions.

Native American "conjuror" in a 1590 engraving

Conjuration in traditional and most contemporary usage refers to a magical act of invoking spirits or using incantations or charms to cast magical spells. In the context of legerdemain, it may also refer to the performance of illusion or magic tricks for show. This article discusses mainly the original and primary usage, describing acts of a supernatural or paranormal nature.^[3]^[4]

The word conjuration (from Latin conjure, conjurare, to "swear together") can be interpreted in several different ways: as an invocation or evocation (the latter in the sense of binding by a vow); as an exorcism; and as an act of producing effects by magical means.

The word is often used synonymously with terms such as "invocation" or "evocation" or "summoning", although many authors find it useful to maintain some distinction between these terms. The term "conjuring" is also used as a general term for casting spells in some magical traditions, such as Hoodoo. In that context, amulets and talismans are often kept in a "conjure bag" and "conjuring oils" may be used to anoint candles and other magical supplies and thus imbue them with specific magical powers.

Alternatively, the term "conjuration" may be used refer to an act of illusionism or legerdemain, as in the performance of magic tricks for entertainment.

One who performs conjurations is called a conjurer or conjuror. The word (as conjuration or conjurison) was formerly used in its Latin meaning of "conspiracy".^[5]

Texts and language

The text of the charms to be recited to conjure the spirit varies considerably from simple sentences to complex paragraphs with plenty of magic words. The language usually is that of the conjurer's, but since the Middle Ages in Western tradition, Latin was the most common (although many texts have been translated into other languages).

Objectives of conjuration

The conjuration of the ghosts or souls of the dead for the purpose of divination is called necromancy.

When it is said that a person is calling upon or conjuring misfortune or disease, it is due to the ancient belief that personified diseases and misfortune as evil deities, spirits or demons that could enter a human or animal body; see demon possession.

Religious views

A conjuration is traditionally linked to repelling negative spirits away, and protecting an individual, space or collective. However, it is also believed by some, particularly in Christianity and Islam, that magic and conjuration is an inherently evil practice. Conjurers summon demons or other evil spirits to cause harm to people or things, to obtain favors from them, or simply to enter their servitude. The belief in similarly-minded conjurers also exists in belief systems in which magic is not inherently evil, although in these cultures these "black magicians" are not the rule and have opposition among more traditional magicians.

Conjuration in the Middle East

Conjuration is a very common mystical practice in the Middle East, most commonly found in Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Iraq. Many practice it to settle personal grudges or for healing, personal enhancement, or foretelling the future. There are also those who will sell their services as conjurers to others.

Islam strongly forbids the use of conjuration, because it is seen as an unholy procedure, and therefore to perform it is to give an insult to God. It is also considered to, in the end, harm people more than help them: those who regularly contact demons are believed to go mad through overdosing on power, or being possessed (since demons are thought to be short-tempered beings, and given the opportunity might overpower and enslave the one who summoned them).

Contemporary references

Within some magical traditions today, such as contemporary witchcraft, hoodoo and Hermeticism or ceremonial magic, conjuration may refer specifically to an act of calling or invoking deities and other spirits; or it may refer more generally to the casting of magic spells by a variety of techniques.^[6] Used in the sense of invoking or evoking deities and other spirits, conjuration can be regarded as one aspect of religious magic.

In the context of illusionist magic practiced today as entertainment only, "conjurer" or "conjuror" is still a common term used by practitioners. In times past, illusionist conjurors were suspected of using magic power to create their entertaining illusions and even suspected of casting spells. They were regarded as "magicians" by the general public, who were often not cognizant of the techniques and tricks used to create their illusions.

Evocation in other beliefs

Evocation is the magical art of calling forth spirits, angels or demons to bring spiritual inspiration, do the bidding of the magician or provide information. Methods of this exist in many cultures that feature a belief in spirits, such as the shamanic traditions. Daoism, Shintoism, Spiritism and the African-American religions (Santería, Umbanda etc.), have particular systems of evocation.

References

^ Mary Beard, J.A. North, and S.R.F. Price, Religions of Rome: A Sourcebook (Cambridge University Press, 1998), p. 41.
^ Nicholas Purcell, "On the Sacking of Corinth and Carthage", in Ethics and Rhetoric: Classical Essays for Donald Russell on His Seventy (Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 140–142.
^ "Conjure | Define Conjure at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
^ "Conjuration | Define Conjuration at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
^ Ex. gr. Chaucer, Wycliffe, Caxton; see OED s.v.
^ Houdini, Harry (1926). "Conjuring". Encyclopædia Britannica (13th ed.). Retrieved March 26, 2011.

Kocku von Stuckrad: Western Esotericism: A Brief History of Secret Knowledge. Translated and with a Foreword by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke. London: Equinox. XII, 167 pp.

English Journal

Role of the vestibular nuclear complex in facilitating the jaw-opening reflex following stimulation of the red nucleus.

Satoh Y1, Ishizuka K2, Takahashi M3, Iwasaki SI2.
Neuroscience research.Neurosci Res.2016 Mar 3. pii: S0168-0102(16)00050-X. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.02.008. [Epub ahead of print]
According to our previous studies, stimulation of the red nucleus (RN) facilitates the low-threshold afferent-evoked jaw-opening reflex (L-JOR). It has been reported that the RN projects to the superior (SVN), lateral (LVN) and inferior vestibular (IVN) nuclei. The SVN and the LVN have reciprocal in
PMID 26945617

Melatonin facilitates adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to repair the murine infarcted heart via the SIRT1 signaling pathway.

Han D1,2, Huang W1, Li X1, Gao L2, Su T1, Li X1, Ma S1, Liu T1, Li C1, Chen J2, Gao E3, Cao F1,2.
Journal of pineal research.J Pineal Res.2016 Mar;60(2):178-92. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12299. Epub 2015 Dec 17.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy provides a promising therapy for the ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, engrafted MSCs are subjected to acute cell death in the ischemic microenvironment, characterized by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in the host's infarcted myocardium.
PMID 26607398

Two highly adhesive lactic acid bacteria strains are protective in zebrafish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila by evocation of gut mucosal immunity.

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AIMS: To increase the knowledge of probiotic effects and potential mechanisms, we report on the use of the zebrafish model to investigate the in vivo colonization ability, as well as the protective effects associated with gut mucosal immune barrier and responses against Aeromonas hydrophila infecti
PMID 26555459

[Social representations of public health among healthcare workers within the French Armed Forces].

Sanchez MA1, Velut G2, Nivoix P2, Mayet A2, Dany L2, Meynard JB2, Deparis X2, Berger F2.
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BACKGROUND: Public health is a multidisciplinary activity whose fields of action are acquiring an increasingly broad. The Service de santé des armées (SSA) has always had a culture of public health problems thanks to doctors specialized in the treatment of major diseases. Often involved in public
PMID 26748971