stimulate

• v.

• 刺激する

関

incite、irritate、prime、stimulation、stimuli、stimulus

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of; "These stories shook the community"; "the civil war shook the country" (同)shake, shake up, excite, stir
2. cause to be alert and energetic; "Coffee and tea stimulate me"; "This herbal infusion doesnt stimulate" (同)arouse, brace, energize, energise, perk_up
3. act as a stimulant; "The book stimulated her imagination"; "This play stimulates" (同)excite
4. stir feelings in; "stimulate my appetite"; "excite the audience"; "stir emotions" (同)excite, stir
5. (physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.)
6. the act of arousing an organism to action
7. any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action (同)stimulus, stimulant, input
8. used of the first or originating agent; "prime mover"
9. the time of maturity when power and vigor are greatest (同)prime of life
10. a number that has no factor but itself and 1 (同)prime quantity
11. the second canonical hour; about 6 a.m.
12. cover with a primer; apply a primer to (同)ground, undercoat
13. being at the best stage of development; "our manhoods prime vigor"- Robert Browning (同)meridian
14. fill with priming liquid; "prime a car engine"
15. insert a primer into (a gun, mine, or charge) preparatory to detonation or firing; "prime a cannon"; "prime a mine"
16. of or relating to or being an integer that cannot be factored into other integers; "prime number"
17. excite to some characteristic action or condition, such as motion, contraction, or nervous impulse, by the application of a stimulus; "irritate the glands of a leaf"
18. excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame; "Aspirin irritates my stomach"
19. provoke or stir up; "incite a riot"; "set off great unrest among the people" (同)instigate, set_off, stir up
20. rousing or quickening activity or the senses; "a stimulating discussion"
21. emotionally aroused (同)stirred, stirred up, aroused

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …を『刺激する』,励ます,元気づける / 刺激[剤]となる
2. 刺激,興奮;激励
3. (重要さ・価値などにおいて)『首位の』,『主要な』 / 『最上等の』,最高品質の / (数が)素数の;公約数のない / 〈U〉《the ~》(…の)『全盛期』・最盛期・青春・盛り《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《the ~》《文》(…の)初期,初め《+『of』+『名』》 / =prime number / 〈旧式の火器〉‘に'火薬を詰める / 〈ポンプ〉‘に'呼び水をする / 〈キャブレター〉‘に'燃料を入れる / 〈画面・壁など〉‘に'下塗りする / (…を)〈人〉‘に'前もって教え込む《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / 《話》(飲食物を)〈人〉‘に'詰め込む《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》
4. …‘を'『怒らせる』,『いらだたせる』 / …‘を'刺激する;…‘に'炎症を起こさせる
5. 〈感情など〉‘を'かき立てる / 〈人〉‘を'刺激する
6. 刺激[するもの]
7. 刺激する;激励する,元気づける

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/27 01:55:34」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about physiological/psychological stimulation. For the well activity, see Well stimulation. For the defect imaging technique, see Thermal laser stimulation. For the album, see Stimulation (album).

Not to be confused with Simulation.

Excited audience members in Australia.

Stimulation or sensory excitation is the action of various agents or forms of energy (stimuli) on receptors that generate impulses that travel through nerves to the brain (afferents). There are sensory receptors on or near the surface of the body, such as photoreceptors in the retina of the eye, hair cells in the cochlea of the ear, touch receptors in the skin and chemical receptors in the mouth and nasal cavity. There are also sensory receptors in the muscles, joints, digestive tract, and membranes around organs such as the brain, the abdominal cavity, the bladder and the prostate (providing one source of sexual stimulation). Stimulation to the external or internal senses may evoke involuntary activity or guide intentions in action. Such emotional or motivating stimulation typically is also experienced subjectively (enters awareness, is in consciousness). Perception can be regarded as conceptualised stimulation, used in reasoning and intending, for example.¹ When bodily stimulation is perceived it is traditionally called a sensation, such as a kind of touch or a taste or smell, or a painful or pleasurable sensation. This can be thought of as psychological stimulation, which is a stimulus affecting a person's thinking or feeling processes.

The word is also often used metaphorically. For example, an interesting or fun activity can be described as "stimulating", regardless of its physical effects on senses. Stimulate means to act as a stimulus to; stimulus means something that rouses the recipient to activity; 'stimuli' is the plural of 'stimulus.'

Overview

Stimulation in general refers to how organisms perceive incoming stimuli. As such it is part of the stimulus-response mechanism. Simple organisms broadly react in three ways to stimulation: too little stimulation causes them to stagnate, too much to die from stress or inability to adapt, and a medium amount causes them to adapt and grow as they overcome it. Similar categories or effects are noted with psychological stress with people. Thus, stimulation may be described as how external events provoke a response by an individual in the attempt to cope.

Over-stimulation

It is possible to become habituated to a particular degree of stimulation, and then find it uncomfortable to have a significant change from that level of the stimulus. Thus one can become used to intense stimuli or a fast-paced life and suffer withdrawal when they are removed. Stress and unhappiness may result an unaccustomed level of stimulation.

Ongoing, long-term stimulation can for some individuals prove harmful, and a more relaxed and less stimulated life may be beneficial despite possible, initial discomfort or stress from the change. See also; sensory overload and burnout.

Individuals with neurological conditions like autism or intellectual disability may be prone to overstimulation and suffer sensory overload at levels of stimulus that others find unexceptional.

It is hypothesized that long-term overstimulation can result eventually in a phenomenon called "adrenal exhaustion" over time, but this is neither medically accepted nor proven at this time.

1. D.A.Booth, O.Sharpe, R.P.J.Freeman, M.T. Conner (2011) Insight into sight, touch, taste and smell by multiple discriminations from norm. Seeing and Perceiving 24, 485-511,639.

See also

• Psychomotor agitation
• Stimming
• Irritation
• Hypoadrenia
• Stress
• Stress management
• All pages with titles containing Stimulation

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

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English Journal

• Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of the secretome from cultured human mesenchymal stem cells in experimental traumatic brain injury.

• Chang CP, Chio CC, Cheong CU, Chao CM, Cheng BC, Lin MT.Source*Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2013 Feb 1;124(3):165-76. doi: 10.1042/CS20120226.
• Bone-marrow-derived human MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) support repair when administered to animals with TBI (traumatic brain injury) in large part through secreted trophic factors. We directly tested the ability of the culture medium (or secretome) collected from human MSCs under normoxic or hypoxi
• PMID 22876972

• TGF Beta Signaling and Its Role in Glioma Pathogenesis.

• Kaminska B, Kocyk M, Kijewska M.SourceLaboratory of Transcription Regulation, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., PL 02-093, Warsaw, Poland, bozenakk@nencki.gov.pl.
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;986:171-87.
• Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival/or apoptosis of many cells, including glioma cells. TGF-β acts via specific receptors activating multiple intracellular pathways resulting in phosphorylation of receptor-r
• PMID 22879069

• Signaling determinants of glioma cell invasion.

• Kwiatkowska A, Symons M.SourceCenter for Oncology and Cell Biology, Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, 11030, Manhasset, NY, USA, akwiatkows@nshs.edu.
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;986:121-41.
• Tumor cell invasiveness is a critical challenge in the clinical management of glioma patients. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that current therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, can enhance glioma invasiveness. Glioma cell invasion is stimulated by b
• PMID 22879067

Japanese Journal

• A Student's Introduction to the History of Hawaii

• Steven L. Rosen
• 県立広島大学人間文化学部紀要 10, 33-44, 20150228-00-00
• … It is the intention of this short monograph to provide a concise but helpful history of Hawaii which should stimulate the student to want to dig deeper to appreciate the unique character of the islands. …
• NAID 120005616227

• Nitrogenous compounds stimulate glucose-derived acid production by oral Streptococcus and Actinomyces

• Norimatsu Yuka,Kawashima Junko,Takano-Yamamoto Teruko [他]
• Microbiology and immunology 59(9), 501-506, 2015-09
• NAID 40020601160

• Effect of Macroscopic Grooves on Bone Formation and Osteoblastic Differentiation.

• Miyahara Kenji,Watamoto Takao,Uto Yusuke,Sawase Takashi
• Implant Dentistry 24(4), 370-376, 2015-08
• … Conclusions: Macroscopic grooves accelerate osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and stimulate direct bone growth and deposition within the grooves in vivo. …
• NAID 120005649225

• The Effect of Moving to a Territorial Tax System on Profit Repatriation: Evidence from Japan

• HASEGAWA Makoto,KIYOTA Kozo
• GRIPS Discussion Papers 15-09, 2015-06
• … However, to stimulate dividend repatriations from Japanese-owned foreign affiliates, Japan introduced a foreign dividend exemption in 2009 that exempts dividends remitted by Japanese-owned foreign affiliates to their parent firms from home taxation. …
• NAID 120005619392

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「刺激」「incite」「prime」「stimulus」「irritate」
拡張検索	「unstimulated」「interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 alpha subunit」「interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 gamma subunit」
関連記事	「stimulating」

「刺激」

　　[★]

英

(刺激そのもの)stimulus、stimuli。(行為)stimulation、、stimulate、irritate、incite、(薬物や抗原で)prime

同

impulse

関

刺激作用、煽動、抗原刺激、扇動、予備刺激

「incite」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 刺激する、励ます、教唆する、先導する、駆り立てる、けしかける

関

agitate、agitation、instigate、irritate、prime、stimulate、stimulation、stimuli、stimulus

　 　

「prime」

　　[★]

• v.

刺激する、予備刺激する、抗原刺激する

関

incite、irritate、stimulate、stimulation、stimuli、stimulus

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「stimulus」

　　[★]

• n.

• 刺激。激励。刺激物、刺激物質。
• (生理)刺激

関

incite、irritate、prime、stimulate、stimulation、stimuli

　

「irritate」

　　[★]

• v.

• 刺激する

関

incite、prime、stimulate、stimulation、stimuli、stimulus

　 　 　

「unstimulated」

　　[★]

• 無刺激の、非刺激の、未刺激の、刺激されていない

「interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 alpha subunit」

　　[★] インターフェロン活性化遺伝子ファクター3αサブユニット

「interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 gamma subunit」

　　[★] インターフェロン活性化遺伝子ファクター3γサブユニット

「stimulating」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 刺激的な

関

exciting、irritant