HTLV-I-associated myelopathy

HTLV-1関連脊髄症

WordNet

1. having partial rights and privileges or subordinate status; "an associate member"; "an associate professor"
2. a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor; "he had to consult his associate before continuing"
3. a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise; "associates in the law firm bill at a lower rate than do partners"
4. any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another; "first was the lightning and then its thunderous associate"
5. make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all" (同)tie_in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect
6. the 9th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)i

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈人〉'を'(…の)『仲間に加える』,(…に)連合させる《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)…'を'結びつけて考える(起こす)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)『仲間になる』,交際する《+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)合体する,提携する《+『with』+『名』》 / 『仲間』,『同僚』;組合員 / 準会員 / 付属物;連想されるもの / 連合した;仲間の,同僚の / 補助の,準…
2. 『私は』私が
3. iodineの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/11/15 13:43:18」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Tropical spastic paraparesis
HTLV-1 which causes TSP
Specialty	Neurology
Causes	HTLV-1 retrovirus causes 80% of cases
Diagnostic method	Lumbar puncture, MRI
Treatment	Interferon alpha, corticosteroids

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), also called HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a medical condition that causes weakness, muscle spasms, and sensory disturbance by human T-lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis, weakness of the legs. As the name suggests, it is most common in tropical regions, including the Caribbean. Blood transfusion products are screened for HTLV-1 antibodies, as a preventive measure.

Signs and symptoms

Some of the signs of Tropical spastic paraparesis are:

Polymyositis

• Leg instability
• Urinary dysfunction.
• Bowel dysfunction
• Back pain
• Erectile problems
• Psoriasis

Individuals with TSP may also exhibit uveitis (inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye), arthritis (inflammation of one or more joints), pulmonary lymphocytic alveolitis (inflammation of the lung tissues), polymyositis (an inflammatory muscle disease), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (persistent dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva), and infectious dermatitis (inflammation of the skin).

HTLV-1 can be transmitted via breastfeeding (mother to child), sexual contact, via blood contact (transfusion or needle sharing).

Pathogenesis

In Tropical spastic paraparesis, HTLV-1 shows elevated cellular acquired immune response as well as high production of proinflammatory cytokines. IFN overexpression has been demonstrated as well. Also the number of NK cells (CD56+ and CD16+) is diminished.

Diagnosis

Among the methods of diagnosing tropical spastic paraparesis are MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and lumbar puncture (which may show lymphocytosis).

Treatment

Immunoglobulin

Treatment of TSP involves corticosteroids to help with inflammation. Though any success with corticosteroids is short-lived, with symptoms worsened as the dosage is reduced. A synthetic derivative, 17-alpha-ethinyltestosterone, can be used to treat Tropical spastic paraparesis, improvement in motor and bladder function was reported but not sustainable.

Mogamulizumab, an anti-CCR4 IgG1 monoclonal antibody, is also being researched as a possible treatment for Tropical spastic paraparesis. The antibody reduces HTLV-1 proviral load and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Valproic acid has also succeeded in reducing the proviral load of HTLV-1 (though clinical benefits were minimal or none). A further combination of valproic acid and zidovudine has demonstrated a decrease in proviral loads (in animals).

Prognosis

The prognosis for Tropical spastic paraparesis indicates some improvement in a percentage of cases due to immunosuppressive treatment. A higher percentage will eventually lose the ability to walk within a ten-year interval.

History

For several decades, the term tropical spastic paraparesis was used to describe a chronic and progressive clinical syndrome that affected adults living in equatorial areas of the world. This condition was initially thought to be associated with infectious agents (such as Treponema pertenue and Treponema pallidum, which cause inflammation of the central nervous system) and with chronic nutritional deficiencies (such as avitaminosis) or exposure to potentially toxic foods (such as bitter cassava).

Tropical myeloneuropathies are classified as two separate syndromes: tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) and tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). They are placed together because they are found in tropical countries, although tropical spastic paraparesis

has occurred in temperate countries (e.g., Japan).

Further reading

• Machigashira, N.; Yoshida, Y.; Wang, S.-y.; Osame, M. (2001). "HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis with pseudohypoparathyroidism". Neurology. 56 (1): 104–6. doi:10.1212/WNL.56.1.104. PMID 11148245.
• Nagamine, Yuito; Hayashi, Takeshi; Kato, Yuji; Horiuchi, Yohsuke; Tanahashi, Norio (2015). "Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type-1-associated Myelopathy Manifesting Shortly after Living-donor Renal Transplantation". Internal Medicine. 54 (1): 75–8. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2950. PMID 25742898.

External links

Classification	D ICD-10: G04.1 MeSH: D015493 DiseasesDB: 29487
External resources	eMedicine: med/1038 Patient UK: Tropical spastic paraparesis

• International Retrovirology Association

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルスI型：疾患関連、診断、および治療 human t lymphotropic virus type i disease associations diagnosis and treatment
• 2. 脊髄に影響を与える疾患 disorders affecting the spinal cord
• 3. ヒトTリンパ球好性ウイルスI型：ウイルス学、病因、および疫学 human t lymphotropic virus type i virology pathogenesis and epidemiology
• 4. ポリオおよび前角細胞への感染性疾患 polio and infectious diseases of the anterior horn
• 5. 脊髄障害の解剖学および局在性 anatomy and localization of spinal cord disorders

English Journal

• Tax secretion from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Tax detection in plasma of patients with Human T-lymphotropic virus-type 1-associated myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and asymptomatic carriers.

• Medina F1, Quintremil S1, Alberti C1, Godoy F1, Pando ME1, Bustamante A1, Barriga A1, Cartier L2, Puente J1, Tanaka Y3, Valenzuela MA1, Ramírez E4,5.
• Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2015 Aug 4. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24342. [Epub ahead of print]
• HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the neurologic disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Tax viral protein plays a critical role in viral pathogenesis. Previous studies suggested that extracellular Tax might involve cytokine-like extracellular effects. We evaluate
• PMID 26241614

• Infection with human retroviruses other than HIV-1: HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4.

• Nicolás D1, Ambrosioni J, Paredes R, Marcos MÁ, Manzardo C, Moreno A, Miró JM.
• Expert review of anti-infective therapy.Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther.2015 Aug;13(8):947-63. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056157. Epub 2015 Jun 25.
• HIV-1 is the most prevalent retrovirus, with over 30 million people infected worldwide. Nevertheless, infection caused by other human retroviruses like HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 is gaining importance. Initially confined to specific geographical areas, HIV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are beco
• PMID 26112187

• Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis.

• Boostani R1, Vakili R, Hosseiny SS, Shoeibi A, Fazeli B, Etemadi MM, Sabet F, Valizade N, Rezaee SA.
• Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics.Neurotherapeutics.2015 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
• Considering that there is no effective treatment for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, this study aimed to assess the impact of triple combination therapy-interferon-α, valproic acid, and prednisolone-on clinical outcomes, main HTLV-1 vi
• PMID 26174324

Japanese Journal

• Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors have no effect on a human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-infected cell line from patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy

• BMC Immunology 18, 7, 2017-02-03
• NAID 120006221081

• Reevaluation for clinical manifestations of HTLV-I-seropositive patients with Sjögren's syndrome

• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 16, 335, 2015-11-04
• NAID 120005677820

• Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type-I (HTLV-I)-associated Myelopathy with Bulbar Palsy-type Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-like Symptoms

• Internal Medicine 54(9), 1105-1107, 2015
• NAID 130005068332

Related Links

• HTLV-I関連脊髄症 - Wikipedia

移動： 案内, 検索. HTLV-1関連脊髄症（HTLV-1かんれん・せきずいしょう、HTLV1- Associated Myelopathy, 略称HAM)とは、鹿児島大学の納光弘（おさめみつひろ）教授 らによって発見された、HTLV-1のキャリアの一部におこる慢性の痙性脊髄のことである 。

• Tropical spastic paraparesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP), also known as HTLV-associated myelopathy or chronic progressive myelopathy, is an infection of the spinal cord by Human T- lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis, weakness of the legs. As the name ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「HTLV-1関連脊髄症」「HTLV-I脊髄症」「HTLV-I型関連ミエロパシー」
関連記事	「associate」「I」「associated」「HT」「Id」

「HTLV-1関連脊髄症」

　　[★]

英

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy HTLV-1 associated myelopaty, HTLV-I-associated myelopathy HTLV-I associated myelopathy、human T-lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy, HAM

同

HTLV-I脊髄症、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスI型関連脊髄症、HTLV-I型関連ミエロパシー、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルスI型関連脊髄症

関

熱帯性痙性不全対麻痺症 TSP tropical spastic paraparesis、HAM/TSP、ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス

[show details]

HTLV-1型関連ミエロパシー : nothing
HTLV-1型関連ミエロパチー : nothing
HTLV-1脊髄症 : 30 件
HTLV-I型関連ミエロパシー : 9 件
HTLV-I型関連ミエロパチー : nothing
HTLV-I脊髄症 : 70 件
ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルス関連脊髄症 : 4 件
ヒトTリンパ球向性ウイルス脊髄症 : 49 件
ヒトT細胞白血病ウイルスI型関連ミエロパシー : 2 件
ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスI型関連脊髄症 : 10 件
ヒトTリンパ球関連ウイルス脊髄症 : nothing

概念

• HTLV-1感染者で見られる慢性の脊髄炎

疫学

• 世界の患者数は3000人、日本は約1400人である。
• 男女比=1：2～2.5
• 年齢：11～80歳(平均41.2歳)/6-78歳(発症は平均で40歳代後半～50歳代前半)(IMD)
• HTLV-Iキャリアの1300人中1人の割合で発症。

潜伏期

• 感染経路により異なり、母子感染では発症まで数十年、輸血では半年～数年かかる。

病態

• 主に胸髄を障害する。障害部位では萎縮・白質変性が認められる。特に側索の錐体路で顕著である(錐体路症状を来す)。同部位では脊髄髄膜は肥厚し、慢性脊髄炎の所見が認められる。

症候

• 歩行障害(100%)、排尿障害(93%)、感覚障害(56%)。初発症状はこのいずれでもあり売る

• 歩行障害は痙性対麻痺をきたす。

• 脊髄髄膜は肥厚し、慢性脊髄炎の所見を認める。

治療

• 糖質コルチコイド：著効する。
• インターフェロンα

「HTLV-I脊髄症」

　　[★]

英

HTLV-I-associated myelopathy

関

熱帯性痙性不全対麻痺症、HTLV-I関連脊髄症、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスI型関連脊髄症、HTLV-I型関連ミエロパシー

「HTLV-I型関連ミエロパシー」

　　[★]

英

HTLV-I-associated myelopathy

関

HTLV-I関連脊髄症、HTLV-I脊髄症、ヒトTリンパ好性ウイルスI型関連脊髄症

「associate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 結合する、連合させる。連想によって結びつける。(人を)仲間/友達などとしての関係に置く。(化)会合させる

• vi.

• 仲間/友人などとして交際する(with)。一つにまとめる、連合する

• n.

• 仕事仲間、提携者、同僚。友人、朋友。準会員。従業員、社員
• 密接な蒸す偽付きのある物、付随する物、つきもの。準国家
• 連想によって心に浮かぶ言葉/思い、連想物

• adj.

• 仲間の、同僚の。製紙機械員に次ぐ資格の
• 付随する、連想される

関

accompany、association、associative、attach、bearing、bind、binding、bond、bonding、coassemble、colleague、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、correlate、correlation、couple、dock、engage、engagement、federation、implication、join、joint、ligate、link、linkage、peer、pertinent、reference、relate、relation、relationship、relative、relevance、relevant、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　 　 　

「I」

　　[★]

• イソロイシン isoleucine
• イノシン inosine
• 阻害剤 inhibitor
• iodine
• ヨード iodide
• I因子 factor I

　 　 　

「associated」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 随伴の、随伴性の

関

concomitant、erratic、erratically

associate

「HT」

　　[★]

• 高血圧症 高血圧 hypertension
• 心移植 heart transplantation

「Id」

　　[★]

• イディオタイプ idiotype idiotypic
• inhibitor of DNA binding