Gタンパク質共役型内向き整流性カリウムチャネル
- 関
- GIRK channel
WordNet
- direct the flow of; "channel information towards a broad audience" (同)canalize, canalise
- a television station and its programs; "a satellite TV channel"; "surfing through the channels"; "they offer more than one hundred channels" (同)television channel, TV channel
- a passage for water (or other fluids) to flow through; "the fields were crossed with irrigation channels"; "gutters carried off the rainwater into a series of channels under the street"
- (often plural) a means of communication or access; "it must go through official channels"; "lines of communication were set up between the two firms" (同)communication channel, line
- a path over which electrical signals can pass; "a channel is typically what you rent from a telephone company" (同)transmission channel
- a deep and relatively narrow body of water (as in a river or a harbor or a strait linking two larger bodies) that allows the best passage for vessels; "the ship went aground in the channel"
- link together; "can we couple these proposals?" (同)couple on, couple up
- two items of the same kind (同)pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke, couplet, distich, duo, duet, dyad, duad
- a small indefinite number; "hes coming for a couple of days"
- a pair of people who live together; "a married couple from Chicago" (同)mates, match
- a pair who associate with one another; "the engaged couple"; "an inseparable twosome" (同)twosome, duo, duet
- (physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines
- relating to or existing in the mind or thoughts; "a concern with inward reflections"
- toward the center or interior; "move the needle further inwards!" (同)inwards
- a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19
- any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉『水路』(川・湾・運河の船の通行ができる深い部分) / 〈U〉河床・川底 / 〈C〉『海峡』 / 〈C〉みぞ(groove),(道路の)水渠(すいきょ) / 《複数形で》(運搬・伝達の)正式の経路(手続き);(一般に)経路 / 〈C〉(テレビ・ラジオの)チャンネル / …‘に'水路を開く / …‘に'みぞを堀る / …'を'伝える,流す
- (同種類の物が)『2個』《+『of』+『名』》 / 『夫婦』,男女一組 / 《話》(…の)いくらか,少数《+『of』+『名』》 / …'を'『つなぎ合わせる』;(…に)…'を'連結する《+『名』+『to』(『with』)+『名』》 / …'を'(…と)関連づける《+『名』+『with』(『to』)+『名』》 / …'を'結婚させる,〈動物〉'を'つがわせる / 〈動物〉交尾する
- 『内側へ』,『内部へ』 / 心の中へ,内省的に / 『内側』(『内部』)『の』(にある);内側(内部)への / 心の中の
- ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)
- 蛋白(たんばく)質
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/18 14:05:57」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3 |
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ3 |
| Alt. symbols |
Kir3.1, GIRK1, KGA |
| IUPHAR |
Kir3.1 |
| Entrez |
3760 |
| HUGO |
6264 |
| OMIM |
601534 |
| RefSeq |
NM_002239 |
| UniProt |
P48549 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 2 q24.1 |
| potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6 |
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ6 |
| Alt. symbols |
KCNJ7, Kir3.2, GIRK2, KATP2, BIR1, hiGIRK2 |
| IUPHAR |
Kir3.2 |
| Entrez |
3763 |
| HUGO |
6267 |
| OMIM |
600877 |
| RefSeq |
NM_002240 |
| UniProt |
P48051 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 21 q22.1 |
| potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 9 |
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ9 |
| Alt. symbols |
Kir3.3, GIRK3 |
| IUPHAR |
Kir3.3 |
| Entrez |
3765 |
| HUGO |
6270 |
| OMIM |
600932 |
| RefSeq |
NM_004983 |
| UniProt |
Q92806 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 1 q23.2 |
| potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 5 |
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ5 |
| Alt. symbols |
Kir3.4, CIR, KATP1, GIRK4 |
| IUPHAR |
Kir3.4 |
| Entrez |
3762 |
| HUGO |
6266 |
| OMIM |
600734 |
| RefSeq |
NM_000890 |
| UniProt |
P48544 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 11 q24 |
The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) via a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).[1][2] GPCRs in turn release activated G-protein βγ- subunits (Gβγ) from inactive heterotrimeric G protein complexes (Gαβγ). Finally, the Gβγ dimeric protein interacts with GIRK channels to open them so that they become permeable to potassium ions, resulting in hyperpolarization of the cell. G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels are a type of G protein-gated ion channels because of this direct activation of GIRK channels by G protein subunits.
GIRK1 to GIRK3 are distributed broadly in the central nervous system, where their distributions overlap.[3][4][5] GIRK4, instead, is found primarily in the heart.[6]
Contents
- 1 Subtypes
- 2 Examples
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Subtypes[edit]
| protein |
gene |
aliases |
| GIRK1 |
KCNJ3 |
Kir3.1 |
| GIRK2 |
KCNJ6 |
Kir3.2 |
| GIRK3 |
KCNJ9 |
Kir3.3 |
| GIRK4 |
KCNJ5 |
Kir3.4 |
Examples[edit]
A wide variety of G-protein coupled receptors activate GIRKs, including the M2-muscarinic, A1-adenosine, α2-adrenergic, D2-dopamine, μ- δ-, and κ-opioid, 5-HT1A serotonin, somatostatin, galanin, m-Glu, GABAB, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors.[2]
Examples of GIRKs include a subset of potassium channels in the heart, which, when activated by parasympathetic signals such as acetylcholine through M2 muscarinic receptors, causes an outward current of potassium, which slows down the heart rate.[7][8] These are called muscarinic potassium channels (IKACh) and are heterotetramers composed of two GIRK1 and two GIRK4 subunits.[6][9]
References[edit]
- ^ Dascal N (1997). "Signalling via the G protein-activated K+ channels". Cell. Signal. 9 (8): 551–73. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00095-8. PMID 9429760.
- ^ a b Yamada M, Inanobe A, Kurachi Y (December 1998). "G protein regulation of potassium ion channels". Pharmacological Reviews 50 (4): 723–60. PMID 9860808.
- ^ Kobayashi T, Ikeda K, Ichikawa T, Abe S, Togashi S, Kumanishi T (March 1995). "Molecular cloning of a mouse G-protein-activated K+ channel (mGIRK1) and distinct distributions of three GIRK (GIRK1, 2 and 3) mRNAs in mouse brain". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 208 (3): 1166–73. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1456. PMID 7702616.
- ^ Karschin C, Dissmann E, Stühmer W, Karschin A (June 1996). "IRK(1-3) and GIRK(1-4) inwardly rectifying K+ channel mRNAs are differentially expressed in the adult rat brain". J. Neurosci. 16 (11): 3559–70. PMID 8642402.
- ^ Chen SC, Ehrhard P, Goldowitz D, Smeyne RJ (December 1997). "Developmental expression of the GIRK family of inward rectifying potassium channels: implications for abnormalities in the weaver mutant mouse". Brain Res. 778 (2): 251–64. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00896-2. PMID 9459542.
- ^ a b Krapivinsky G, Gordon EA, Wickman K, Velimirović B, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE (March 1995). "The G-protein-gated atrial K+ channel IKACh is a heteromultimer of two inwardly rectifying K(+)-channel proteins". Nature 374 (6518): 135–41. doi:10.1038/374135a0. PMID 7877685.
- ^ Kunkel MT, Peralta EG (1995). "Identification of domains conferring G protein regulation on inward rectifier potassium channels". Cell 83 (3): 443–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90122-1. PMID 8521474.
- ^ Wickman K, Krapivinsky G, Corey S, Kennedy M, Nemec J, Medina I, Clapham DE (1999). "Structure, G protein activation, and functional relevance of the cardiac G protein-gated K+ channel, IKACh". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 868 (1): 386–98. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11300.x. PMID 10414308.
- ^ Corey S, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE (1998). "Number and stoichiometry of subunits in the native atrial G-protein-gated K+ channel, IKACh". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (9): 5271–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.5271. PMID 9478984.
External links[edit]
- G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
|
Membrane transport protein: ion channels (TC 1A)
|
|
|
Ca2+: Calcium channel
|
|
| Ligand-gated |
- Inositol trisphosphate receptor
- Ryanodine receptor
|
|
| Voltage-gated |
- L-type/Cavα
- N-type/Cavα2.2
- P-type/Cavα
- Q-type/Cavα2.1
- R-type/Cavα2.3
- T-type/Cavα
- α2δ-subunits
- β-subunits
- γ-subunits
- Cation channels of sperm
- Two-pore channel
|
|
|
|
|
Na+: Sodium channel
|
|
| Constitutively active |
- Epithelial sodium channel
|
|
| Proton-gated |
- Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
|
|
| Voltage-gated |
- Navα
- 1.1
- 1.2
- 1.3
- 1.4
- 1.5
- 1.6
- 1.7
- 1.8
- 1.9
- 7A
- Navβ
|
|
|
|
|
K+: Potassium channel
|
|
| Calcium-activated |
- BK channel
- SK channel
- IK channel
- KCa
- 1.1
- 2.1
- 2.2
- 2.3
- 3.1
- 4.1
- 4.2
- 5.1
|
|
| Inward-rectifier |
|
|
| Tandem pore domain |
- K2P
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 12
- 13
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
|
|
| Voltage-gated |
- Kvα1-6
- 1.1
- 1.2
- 1.3
- 1.4
- 1.5
- 1.6
- 1.7
- 1.8
-
-
-
-
-
- Kvβ
- KCNIP
- minK/ISK
- minK/ISK-like
- MiRP
- Shaker gene
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
| Cl-: Chloride channel |
- ANO1
- Bestrophin
- CFTR
- CLCA
- CLCN
- CLIC
- CLNS
|
|
| H+: Proton channel |
|
|
| M+: CNG cation channel |
|
|
| M+: TRP cation channel |
- TRPA (1)
- TRPC
- TRPM
- TRPML
- TRPN
- TRPP
- TRPV
|
|
| H2O (+ solutes): Porin |
- Aquaporin
- Voltage-dependent anion channel
- General bacterial porin family
|
|
| Cytoplasm: Gap junction |
- Connexin: A
- GJA1
- GJA3
- GJA4
- GJA5
- GJA8
- GJA9
- GJA10
- B
- GJB1
- GJB2
- GJB3
- GJB4
- GJB5
- GJB6
- GJB7
- C
- D
|
|
|
|
|
By gating mechanism
|
|
| Ion channel class |
- Ligand-gated
- Light-gated
- Voltage-gated
- Stretch-activated
|
|
|
|
|
see also disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), other
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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Japanese Journal
- GIRKチャネル阻害作用を持つ薬物の新規抗うつ様作用
- 川浦 一晃,本田 宗吉,副田 二三夫,白﨑 哲哉,高濱 和夫
- YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 130(5), 699-705, 2010
- … We have previously found that antitussive drugs inhibit G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel currents in brain neurons. … Potassium efflux through GIRK channels causes membrane hyperpolarization, and thus plays an important role in the inhibitory regulation of neuronal excitability. …
- NAID 130000259458
- Blockade by NIP-142, an Antiarrhythmic Agent, of Carbachol-Induced Atrial Action Potential Shortening and GIRK1/4 Channel
- MATSUDA Tomoyuki,ITO Mie,ISHIMARU Sayoko,TSURUOKA Noriko,SAITO Tomoaki,IIDA TANAKA Naoko,HASHIMOTO Norio,YAMASHITA Toru,TSURUZOE Nobutomo,TANAKA Hikaru,SHIGENOBU Koki
- Journal of pharmacological sciences 101(4), 303-310, 2006-08-20
- … NIP-142 concentration-dependently blocked the human G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel current (GIRK1/4 channel current) expressed in HEK-293 cells with an EC50 value of 0.64 μM. … At higher concentrations, NIP-142 blocked the human ether a go-go related gene (HERG) channel current with an EC50 value of 44 μM. …
- NAID 10018236475
Related Links
- The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) via a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein ...
- 1. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;65(3):665-74. Endocannabinoids modulate N-type calcium channels and G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels via CB1 cannabinoid receptors heterologously expressed in mammalian ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel
[★]
- 英
- G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel、GIRK channel
- 関
- GIRKチャネル
[★]
- 関
- associate、association、bind、binding、bond、bonding、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugated、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、coupling、dock、doublet、engage、engagement、family characteristics、generation、household、join、ligate、linkage、pair、symphysial、union
[★]
- 川床、川底。水路、河道
- 海峡
- 水管、導管
- 溝
- 経路、ルート。道筋、方向
- 関
- ion channel、ionic channel
[★]
[★]
- 関
- inwardly
[★]
- 同
- G proteins
- 同
- G proteins