terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

ターミナルデオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ TdT

WordNet

1. relating to or occurring in a term or fixed period of time; "terminal examinations"; "terminal payments"
2. a contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves (同)pole
3. station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods (同)terminus, depot
4. electronic equipment consisting of a device providing access to a computer; has a keyboard and display
5. being or situated at an end; "the endmost pillar"; "terminal buds on a branch"; "a terminal station"; "the terminal syllable"
6. causing or ending in or approaching death; "a terminal patient"; "terminal cancer"
7. of or relating to or situated at the ends of a delivery route; "freight pickup is a terminal service"; "terminal charges"
8. any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『終りの』,末端の / 毎期の,定期の;学期末の / 『死に至る』, / 末端 / (電池の)端子 / (町の中心に近い)空港バス発着場;(一般に,鉄道・バスの)終点,終着駅

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/22 19:04:51」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Deoxynucleotidyltransferase, terminal
Amino acids 19-125 of human DNA nucleotidylexotransferase. PDB rendering based on 2coe.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2COE
Identifiers
Symbols	DNTT; TDT
External IDs	OMIM: 187410 MGI: 98659 HomoloGene: 3014 ChEMBL: 4810 GeneCards: DNTT Gene
EC number	2.7.7.31
Gene Ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity • DNA nucleotidylexotransferase activity • metal ion binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleolus • cytoplasm Biological process • DNA modification Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1791	21673
Ensembl	ENSG00000107447	ENSMUSG00000025014
UniProt	P04053	P09838
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001017520	NM_001043228
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001017520	NP_001036693
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 98.06 – 98.1 Mb	Chr 19: 41.03 – 41.06 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells. TdT adds N-nucleotides to the V,D, and J exons during antibody gene recombination, enabling the phenomenon of junctional diversity. In humans, terminal transferase is encoded by the DNTT gene.

TdT is notably absent in fetal liver HSCs, significantly impairing junctional diversity in B-cells during the fetal period.

Function

TdT catalyses the addition of nucleotides to the 3' terminus of a DNA molecule. Unlike most DNA polymerases it does not require a template. The preferred substrate of this enzyme is a 3'-overhang, but it can also add nucleotides to blunt or recessed 3' ends. Cobalt is a necessary cofactor, however the enzyme catalyzes reaction upon Mg and Mn administration in vitro.

Uses

Terminal transferase has applications in molecular biology. It can be used in RACE to add nucleotides which can then be used as a template for a primer in subsequent PCR. It can also be used to add nucleotides labeled with radioactive isotopes, for example in the TUNEL assay (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling) for the demonstration of apoptosis (which is marked, in part, by fragmented DNA). Also used in the immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In immunohistochemistry, antibodies to TdT can be used to demonstrate the presence of immature T and B cells and multipotent haematopoietic stem cells, which possess the antigen, while mature lymphoid cells are always TdT-negative. While TdT-positive cells are found in small numbers in healthy lymph nodes and tonsils, the malignant cells of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are also TdT positive, and the antibody can therefore be used as part of a panel to diagnose this disease and to distinguish it from, for example, small cell tumours of childhood.

See also

• DNA
• DNA polymerase

References

Further reading

• O'Malley DP, Orazi A (2006). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive cells in spleen, appendix and branchial cleft cysts in pediatric patients.". Haematologica 91 (8): 1139–40. PMID 16885057. 
• Yamashita N, Shimazaki N, Ibe S, et al. (2001). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase directly interacts with a novel nuclear protein that is homologous to p65.". Genes Cells 6 (7): 641–52. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00449.x. PMID 11473582. 
• Chang LM, Bollum FJ (1986). "Molecular biology of terminal transferase.". CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. 21 (1): 27–52. doi:10.3109/10409238609113608. PMID 3524991. 
• Maezawa S, Hayano T, Koiwai K, et al. (2008). "Bood POZ containing gene type 2 is a human counterpart of yeast Btb3p and promotes the degradation of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase.". Genes Cells 13 (5): 439–57. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2008.01179.x. PMID 18429817. 
• Taplin ME, Frantz ME, Canning C, et al. (1996). "Evidence against T-cell development in the adult human intestinal mucosa based upon lack of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase expression.". Immunology 87 (3): 402–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1996.496571.x. PMC 1384108. PMID 8778025. 
• Grupe A, Li Y, Rowland C, et al. (2006). "A scan of chromosome 10 identifies a novel locus showing strong association with late-onset Alzheimer disease.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (1): 78–88. doi:10.1086/498851. PMC 1380225. PMID 16385451. 
• Dworzak MN, Fritsch G, Fröschl G, et al. (1998). "Four-color flow cytometric investigation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive lymphoid precursors in pediatric bone marrow: CD79a expression precedes CD19 in early B-cell ontogeny.". Blood 92 (9): 3203–9. PMID 9787156. 
• Fujita K, Shimazaki N, Ohta Y, et al. (2003). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase forms a ternary complex with a novel chromatin remodeling protein with 82 kDa and core histone.". Genes Cells 8 (6): 559–71. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2003.00656.x. PMID 12786946. 
• Kubota T, Maezawa S, Koiwai K, et al. (2007). "Identification of functional domains in TdIF1 and its inhibitory mechanism for TdT activity.". Genes Cells 12 (8): 941–59. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01105.x. PMID 17663723. 
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• Bridges SL (1998). "Frequent N addition and clonal relatedness among immunoglobulin lambda light chains expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovia and PBL, and the influence of V lambda gene segment utilization on CDR3 length.". Mol. Med. 4 (8): 525–53. PMC 2230400. PMID 9742508. 
• Liu L, McGavran L, Lovell MA, et al. (2004). "Nonpositive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in pediatric precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia.". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 121 (6): 810–5. doi:10.1309/QD18-PPV1-NH3T-EUTF. PMID 15198352. 
• Yang B, Gathy KN, Coleman MS (1994). "Mutational analysis of residues in the nucleotide binding domain of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (16): 11859–68. PMID 8163485. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. 
• Thai TH, Kearney JF (2004). "Distinct and opposite activities of human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase splice variants.". J. Immunol. 173 (6): 4009–19. PMID 15356150. 
• Shimazaki N, Fujita K, Koiwai O (2002). "[Expression and function of terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase and discovery of novel DNA polymerase mu]". Seikagaku 74 (3): 227–32. PMID 11974916. 
• Mahajan KN, Mitchell BS (2003). "Role of human Pso4 in mammalian DNA repair and association with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (19): 10746–51. doi:10.1073/pnas.1631060100. PMC 196874. PMID 12960389. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. 
• Mahajan KN, Gangi-Peterson L, Sorscher DH, et al. (1999). "Association of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with Ku.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (24): 13926–31. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13926. PMC 24167. PMID 10570175. 
• Ibe S, Fujita K, Toyomoto T, et al. (2001). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase is negatively regulated by direct interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.". Genes Cells 6 (9): 815–24. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00460.x. PMID 11554927. 

External links

• Terminal Deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 前駆B細胞性急性リンパ芽球性白血病／リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of precursor b cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma
• 2. 急性リンパ芽球性白血病における細胞遺伝学 cytogenetics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• 3. 前駆T細胞急性リンパ芽球性白血病/リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of precursor t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma
• 4. 胎児および新生児における免疫細胞の発達 the development of immune cells in the fetus and neonate
• 5. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development

English Journal

• Endothelial cell damage following sulfur mustard exposure in rabbits and its association with the delayed-onset ocular lesions.

• Kadar T, Cohen M, Cohen L, Fishbine E, Sahar R, Brandeis R, Dachir S, Amir A.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel. tamark@iibr.gov.il
• Cutaneous and ocular toxicology.Cutan Ocul Toxicol.2013 Jun;32(2):115-23. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2012.717571. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
• OBJECTIVE: Ocular injuries following exposure to the toxic agent sulfur mustard (SM) are characterized by acute corneal erosions and inflammation of the anterior segment that may be followed by delayed corneal injuries, expressed clinically by neovascularization and epithelial defects. The present s
• PMID 23106194

• Apoptosis during postmortem conditioning and its relationship to duck meat quality.

• Zhang M, Wang D, Huang W, Liu F, Zhu Y, Xu W, Cao J.SourceInstitute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 May 1;138(1):96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.142. Epub 2012 Nov 10.
• The aim of this work was to examine the relationship of skeletal muscle apoptosis and postmortem development of meat quality. Colour, cooking loss, myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) and shear force of duck breast and thigh meat postmortem were measured, and changes of positive nuclei were assessed
• PMID 23265461

Japanese Journal

• Effect of Taurine on Acinar Cell Apoptosis and Pancreatic Fibrosis in Dibutyltin Dichloride-induced Chronic Pancreatitis

• Matsushita Koki,Mizushima Takaaki,Shirahige Akinori,Tanioka Hiroaki,Sawa Kiminari,Ochi Koji,Tanimoto Mitsune,Koide Norio
• Acta Medica Okayama 66(4), 329-334, 2012-08
• … Apoptosis was determined by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. …
• NAID 120004622481

• Role of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Death in N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-Treated Mice

• TSURUMA Kazuhiro,YAMAUCHI Mika,INOKUCHI Yuta,SUGITANI Sou,SHIMAZAWA Masamitsu,HARA Hideaki
• Journal of pharmacological sciences 118(3), 351-362, 2012-03-20
• … Retinal photoreceptor degeneration was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and by oxidative stress markers. …
• NAID 10030455636

Related Links

• Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase - Wikipedia, the free ...

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic ...

• Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase｜タカラバイオ株式会社 ...

－20℃. 本製品Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase（製品コード 2230A/B）は、 組換え大腸菌での製造に切り替わりました。（Lot.K101AA以降）酵素の活性、純度は、 従来のNative体と同じであることを確認しています。価格、包装量も変更ございません。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「113D054」
リンク元	「ターミナルデオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ」「ターミナルトランスフェラーゼ」「deoxynucleotidyl transferase」「末端ヌクレオチド付加酵素」「DNA nucleotidylexotransferase」
拡張検索	「terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling」
関連記事	「deoxynucleotidyl transferase」「terminal」「transferase」「deoxynucleotidyl」「transferases」

「113D054」

　　[★]

• 57歳の男性。発熱と倦怠感を主訴に来院した。1か月前に右頸部腫瘤に気付いた。2週間前から38℃台の発熱と倦怠感をきたし、軽快しないため受診した。右頸部に径1.5cmのリンパ節を3個触知する。腹部は平坦、軟で、肝・脾を触知しない。既往歴と家族歴に特記すべきことはない。意識は清明。身長 170cm、体重 68kg。体温 37.4℃。脈拍 100/分、整。血圧 132/90mmHg。呼吸数 24/分。SpO2 98%(room air)。血液所見：赤血球 210万、Hb 7.4g/dL、Ht 23%、白血球 16,000(異常細胞 60%)、血小板 5万。骨髄血塗抹May-Giemsa染色標本(別冊No. 23)を別に示す。骨髄細胞の染色体分析では正常男性核型であった。異常細胞のペルオキシダーゼ反応は陰性。表面マーカー解析ではCD19 陽性、CD20 陰性、CD33 陰性、TdT(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)陽性であった。
• 診断はどれか。

• a　急性骨髄性白血病
• b　急性リンパ性白血病
• c　慢性骨髄性白血病
• d　慢性リンパ性白血病
• e　成人T細胞白血病

[正答]

B

※国試ナビ4※　［113D053］←［国試_113］→［113D055］

「ターミナルデオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ」

　　[★]

英

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, TdT

関

B細胞、ターミナルトランスフェラーゼ

• lymphoi-speciic emzyme
• adds nucleotides randomly to the single-strand ends.
• TCRやBCRの各鎖をコードする遺伝子のV,D,Jセグメントの遺伝子再構成において、altermisによってニックが入った末端はヌクレアーゼやTdTにより塩基が付与されたりする。これによって多様性が生じる

「ターミナルトランスフェラーゼ」

　　[★]

英

terminal transferase

同

ターミナルデオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase TdT、ターミナルヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ terminal nucleotidyl transferase

関

末端転移酵素

• B細胞やT細胞で発現し、遺伝子再構成における多様性の付与に関与している。

「deoxynucleotidyl transferase」

　　[★]

• デオキシヌクレオチド転移酵素、デオキシヌクレオチド付加酵素、デオキシヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ、ヌクレオチド付加酵素、ヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ

関

deoxynucleotidyltransferase、DNA nucleotidylexotransferase、terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

「末端ヌクレオチド付加酵素」

　　[★]

英

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase、TdT

関

ターミナルヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ、ヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ、末端デオキシヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ、デオキシヌクレオチド転移酵素、DNAヌクレオチジルエキソトランスフェラーゼ

「DNA nucleotidylexotransferase」

　　[★]

• DNAヌクレオチジルエキソトランスフェラーゼ

関

deoxynucleotidyl transferase、deoxynucleotidyltransferase、terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

「terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling」

　　[★]

タネル染色

関

TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling、TUNEL staining

「deoxynucleotidyl transferase」

　　[★]

• デオキシヌクレオチド転移酵素、デオキシヌクレオチド付加酵素、デオキシヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ、ヌクレオチド付加酵素、ヌクレオチドトランスフェラーゼ

関

deoxynucleotidyltransferase、DNA nucleotidylexotransferase、terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

「terminal」

　　[★]

• n.

• 末端、末端側、ターミナル

• adj.

• 終端の、終末の、末期の

関

distal、end、end stage、ending、extremity、full-blown、terminal region、terminal stage、terminally、termini、terminus

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「transferase」

　　[★]

• n.

• トランスフェラーゼ、転移酵素、付加酵素

関

lyase、synthase、transposase

　

「deoxynucleotidyl」

　　[★]

デオキシヌクレオチジル

「transferases」

　　[★] トランスフェラーゼ