WordNet

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" (同)alter, modify
become different in some particular way, without permanently losing ones or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarkets selection of vegetables varies according to the season" (同)alter, vary
exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; "Could you convert my dollars into pounds?"; "He changed his name"; "convert centimeters into inches"; "convert holdings into shares" (同)exchange, commute, convert
a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; "he attributed the change to their marriage"
change clothes; put on different clothes; "Change before you go to the opera"
coins of small denomination regarded collectively; "he had a pocketful of change"
money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency; "he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver"
remove or replace the coverings of; "Father had to learn how to change the baby"; "After each guest we changed the bed linens"
the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due; "I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change"
the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains"
undergo a change; become different in essence; losing ones or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
a different or fresh set of clothes; "she brought a change in her overnight bag"
a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one"
the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"
an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago" (同)alteration, modification
relating to or having or characterized by structure; "structural engineer"; "structural errors"; "structural simplicity"
affecting or involved in structure or construction; "the structural details of a house such as beams and joists and rafters; not ornamental elements"; "structural damage"
concerned with systematic structure in a particular field of study
relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure; "structural unemployment in a technological society"
made or become different in some respect; "hes an altered (or changed) man since his election to Congress"
changed in constitution or structure or composition by metamorphism; "metamorphic rocks"
made or become different in nature or form; "changed attitudes"; "changed styles of dress"; "a greatly changed country after the war"
marked by continuous change or effective action (同)ever-changing

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…に)…'を'『変える』,改める《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / …'を'『取り替える』,交換する / 〈小切手・為替〉'を'現金にする,〈金〉'を'両替えする;(…に)…'を'両替する《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (…に)『変わる』,変化する《+『to』(『into』)+『名』》 / (他の衣服に)着替える《+『into』+『名』》 / (…に)乗り換える《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『変化』,移り変わり,変遷《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『取り替え』,交換;乗り換え《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉釣り銭,小銭
構造[上]の,構成[上]の,組織[上]の / 建築[用]の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/04 10:59:11」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Structural change of an economy refers to a long-term widespread change of the fundamental structure, rather than microscale or short-term output and employment. For example, a subsistence economy is transformed into a manufacturing economy, or a regulated mixed economy is liberalized. A current structural change in the world economy is globalization.

Fisher (1939)^[1] and Clark (1940)^[2] look at patterns in changes in sectoral employment. The logic of their arguments being that patterns of production are functions of the level of income and that resource and production shifts are an integral part of development. The major determinant of these shifts is the income elasticity of demand. Goods or sectors for which there is a high income elasticity of demand will grow in importance as income grows. Countries start with their production dominated by primary production, then secondary activities start to dominate and finally the tertiary sector dominates. The role of technical progress is crucial in the process of structural change as suggested by Paolo Leon(1967)^[3] and Luigi Pasinetti(1981)^[4].

Structural change can be initiated by policy decisions or permanent changes in resources, population or the society. The downfall of communism, for example, is a political change that has had far-reaching implications on the economies dependent on the state-run Soviet economy. Structural change involves obsolescence of skills, vocations, and permanent changes in spending and production resulting in structural unemployment.

Short-term economical challenges can be managed with short-term fiscal or monetary policy decisions, and fluctuations are expected to even out in a few years. Managing structural change requires long-term investments such as education, and reforms aimed at increasing labor mobility. The Trade Adjustment Assistance is an example of such a program.^[5]

References

^ Fisher, A (1939) Production: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Economic Record, June
^ Clark, C (1940) The Conditions of Economic Progress
^ Leon, P. (1967) Structural Change and Growth in Capitalism, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore
^ Pasinetti, L. (1981), Structural Change and Economic Growth: a Theoretical essay on the dynamics of the wealth of nations, Cambridge University Press
^ Elaine L. Chao. Remarks Prepared for Delivery by U.S. Secretary of Labor Elaine L. Chao, G-8 Labor and Employment Ministers Conference Stuttgart, Germany, December 15, 2003. “Globalization and Structural Change” http://www.dol.gov/_sec/media/speeches/20031215_G-8.htm

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