adj.

構造上の、構造的な、構造学的な、立体構造的な

関: conformational、conformationally、structurally

WordNet

relating to or having or characterized by structure; "structural engineer"; "structural errors"; "structural simplicity"
affecting or involved in structure or construction; "the structural details of a house such as beams and joists and rafters; not ornamental elements"; "structural damage"
concerned with systematic structure in a particular field of study
relating to or caused by structure, especially political or economic structure; "structural unemployment in a technological society"
with respect to structure; "structurally, the organization is healthy"

PrepTutorEJDIC

構造[上]の,構成[上]の,組織[上]の / 建築[用]の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/29 20:51:21」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Structures" redirects here. For other uses, see Structure (disambiguation).

Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature, and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities. This notion may itself be an object, such as a built structure, or an attribute, such as the structure of society. From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis of the properties of magnetic fields, the concept of structure is now often an essential foundation of nearly every mode of inquiry and discovery in science, philosophy, and art.^[1] In early 20th-century and earlier thought, form often plays a role comparable to that of structure in contemporary thought. The neo-Kantianism of Ernst Cassirer (cf. his Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, completed in 1929 and published in English translation in the 1950s) is sometimes regarded as a precursor of the later shift to structuralism and poststructuralism.^[2]

The description of structure implicitly offers an account of what a system is made of: a configuration of items, a collection of inter-related components or services. A structure may be a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components that are neighbors in space.

Types[edit]

Physical structure[edit]

In engineering and architecture, a structure is a body or assemblage of bodies in space to form a system capable of supporting loads. Physical structures include man-made and natural arrangements. Buildings, aircraft, soap films, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams and salt domes are all examples of physical structures. The effects of loads on physical structures are determined through structural analysis. Structural engineering refers to engineering of physical structures.

Built structures are a subset of physical structures resulting from construction. These are divided into buildings and nonbuilding structures, and make up the infrastructure of a human society. Built structures are composed of structural elements such as columns, beams and trusses. Built structures are broadly divided by their varying design approaches and standards, into categories including Building structures, Architectural structures, Civil engineering structures and Mechanical structures.

Biological structure[edit]

Main article: Biological organisation

In biology, structures exist at all levels of organization, ranging hierarchically from the atomic and molecular to the cellular, tissue, organ, organismic, population and ecosystem level. Usually, a higher-level structure is composed of multiple copies of a lower-level structure.

Chemical structure[edit]

Main article: Chemical structure

Chemistry is a science that treats matter at the atomic to macromolecular scale—the reactions, transformations, and aggregations of matter, and accompanying energy and entropy changes in these processes. Chemical structure refers to both molecular geometry and electronic structure. The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphical representation of the molecular structure that shows how the atoms are arranged. A protein structure is the three dimensional coordinates of the atoms within (macro) molecules made of protein.

Musical composition[edit]

Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. The term musical form, a type of structure, refers to two related concepts:

The type of composition (for example, a musical work can have the form of a symphony, a concerto, or other generic type)
The structure of a particular piece (for example, a piece can be written in binary form, sonata form, as a fugue, etc.)

Social structure[edit]

Main article: Social structure

A social structure is a pattern of relationships. They are social organizations of individuals in various life situations. Structures are applicable to people in how a society is as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships. This is known as the social organization of the group. Sociologists have studied the changing structure of these groups. Structure and agency are two confronted theories about human behaviour. The debate surrounding the influence of structure and agency on human thought is one of the central issues in sociology. In this context, agency refers to the individual human capacity to act independently and make free choices. Structure here refers to factors such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, customs etc. that seem to limit or influence individual opportunities.

Data structure[edit]

Main article: Data structure

In computer science, a data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Often a carefully chosen data structure facilitates using the most efficient algorithm. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an abstract data type. A well-designed data structure supports a variety of critical operations using as few resources (execution time and memory space) as possible. Data structures are implemented in a programming language as data types and the references (e.g. relationships, links and pointers) and operations that are possible with them. For structure tables and structure functions, see data structure.

Software structure[edit]

Main article: Software architecture

The software architecture is the result of the designing of the software, usually conducted by a computer scientist, before the implementation is written by software developer(s).

References[edit]

^ Pullan, Wendy (2000). Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78258-9.
^ John Carlos Rowe, "Structure," in Critical Terms for Literary Study, 2nd ed., ed. Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin, (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 25.

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1. 明らかな器質的心疾患のない患者の非持続性心室性頻拍 nonsustained vt in the absence of apparent structural heart disease
2. 明らかな器質的心疾患のない患者における突然の心停止 sudden cardiac arrest in the absence of apparent structural heart disease
3. 明らかな器質的心疾患のない患者の単形性心室頻脈 monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the absence of apparent structural heart disease
4. 国際抗てんかん連盟（ILAE）によるてんかん発作およびてんかんの分類 ilae classification of seizures and epilepsy
5. 認知症の評価に関する神経画像診断研究 neuroimaging studies in the evaluation of dementia

English Journal

The ability of retention, drug release and rheological properties of nanogel bioadhesives based on cellulose derivatives.

Keshavarz M1, Kaffashi B.Author information 1Department of Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran.AbstractThe rheological and drug release behavior of biopolymer nanocomposite gels based on the cellulose derivatives, formulated as the bioadhesive drug delivery platforms, were investigated. The bioadhesive gel is composed of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4 at 20 °C) as the dissolution and release medium. The reinforcing nanofillers such as MMT-clay, fumed porous silica and porous starch were used as additives in the nanogel bioadhesive. The constant steady state viscosities of this nanogels upon incorporation of various nanofillers into the systems is the sign of structural stability. Hence, this system is suitable for use in the controlled drug delivery systems in contact with the biological tissues. Based on the rheological measurements, the shear flow properties (i.e. zero shear viscosity and yield stress) were influenced by the concentration of polymers and nanoparticles. The results indicate that the nonlinear rheological data are fitted properly by the Giesekus model. Furthermore, the results showed that the nonlinear viscoelastic parameters (λ and α) are highly affected by the biogel and nanoparticles concentrations. Finally, the drug release was measured, and the results indicated that the biopolymer-clay nanocomposites have appropriate release pattern as the release is better controlled compared to the other nanogel formulations.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):952-9. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.846371. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
The rheological and drug release behavior of biopolymer nanocomposite gels based on the cellulose derivatives, formulated as the bioadhesive drug delivery platforms, were investigated. The bioadhesive gel is composed of the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and phosphate buf
PMID 24160773

Design, Virtual Screening and Docking Study of Novel NS3 Inhibitors by Targeting Protein-protein Interacting Sites of Dengue Virus - A Novel Approach.

Parida P, Yadav RN, Sarma K, Nainwal LM1.Author information 1Centre for Studies in Biotechnology, Dibrugarh University, Assam-786004, India. pratapparida2007yahoo.com@gmail.com.AbstractCurrently dengue is a serious disease which has become a global burden in the last decade. Unfortunately, there are no effective drugs and vaccines against this disease. DENV non-structural protein (NS) 3, which is viral protease which is a potential target for antiviral therapy. Targeting this we performed homology modeling and protein-protein docking study of NS3 with NRBP (Nuclear Receptor Binding Protein) of human as it has been proved that NS3 of DENV interacts with NRBP which causes cellular trafficking in human cell. To carry out search of novel DENV protease inhibitors by in silico screening panduratin molecule was selected. 65 novel compounds were designed which involved substituting positions 1-5 of the benzyl ring A (4hydroxy-panduratinA) with various substituents. The protein-protein docking showed that the aminoacid residues of NS3 which were interacting with NRBP were found to be Ala 325, Asp 324, Phe 326, Asp 335, Glu 336, Glu 328, Asp 485, Gln 478, Arg 459, Gly 446 and Leu 480. These residues were targeted by the ligands which showed excellent binding affinity as binding energy. The ligand PKP10 showed lowest binding energy. It is also observed that the interface residues participated in the protein-protein interaction are being inhibited by the ligands.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Nov;14(11):995-1008.
Currently dengue is a serious disease which has become a global burden in the last decade. Unfortunately, there are no effective drugs and vaccines against this disease. DENV non-structural protein (NS) 3, which is viral protease which is a potential target for antiviral therapy. Targeting this we p
PMID 24372240

Principal component and causal analysis of structural and acute in vitro toxicity data for nanoparticles.

Wang XZ1, Yang Y, Li R, McGuinnes C, Adamson J, Megson IL, Donaldson K.Author information 1Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK.AbstractStructure toxicity relationship analysis was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) for a panel of nanoparticles that included dry powders of oxides of titanium, zinc, cerium and silicon, dry powders of silvers, suspensions of polystyrene latex beads and dry particles of carbon black, nanotubes and fullerene, as well as diesel exhaust particles. Acute in vitro toxicity was assessed by different measures of cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, haemolytic effects and the impact on cell morphology, while structural properties were characterised by particle size and size distribution, surface area, morphology, metal content, reactivity, free radical generation and zeta potential. Different acute toxicity measures were processed using PCA that classified the particles and identified four materials with an acute toxicity profile: zinc oxide, polystyrene latex amine, nanotubes and nickel oxide. PCA and contribution plot analysis then focused on identifying the structural properties that could determine the acute cytotoxicity of these four materials. It was found that metal content was an explanatory variable for acute toxicity associated with zinc oxide and nickel oxide, while high aspect ratio appeared the most important feature in nanotubes. Particle charge was considered as a determinant for high toxicity of polystyrene latex amine.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Aug;8(5):465-76. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.796534.
Structure toxicity relationship analysis was conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) for a panel of nanoparticles that included dry powders of oxides of titanium, zinc, cerium and silicon, dry powders of silvers, suspensions of polystyrene latex beads and dry particles of carbon black, na
PMID 23586395

Physicochemical and structural characterization of iron-sucrose formulations: a comparative study.

Barot BS1, Parejiya PB, Mehta DM, Shelat PK, Shah GB.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya, Gandhinagar , India.AbstractIntravenous polynuclear iron formulations are vital components in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with chronic kidney disease as well as other diseases associated with gastro-intestinal and cardio-vascular system. Intravenous iron preparations consist of iron-carbohydrate nanoparticles with iron-oxyhydroxide as a core covered by carbohydrate shell. These preparations should be very well characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties and pharmacological profile in order to establish safety and efficacy. The present research work was aimed to physicochemically characterize a new generic iron-sucrose preparation (IS-Claris) and establish its equivalency with the reference product (Venofer®). Various analytical techniques including gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF), absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton and (13)C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed. It was observed that the specifications of IS-Claris obtained through these analyses reflect those of Venofer® and hence the two formulations were considered comparable.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Aug;19(5):513-20. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.795171. Epub 2013 May 24.
Intravenous polynuclear iron formulations are vital components in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia associated with chronic kidney disease as well as other diseases associated with gastro-intestinal and cardio-vascular system. Intravenous iron preparations consist of iron-carbohydrate nanopart
PMID 23701359

Japanese Journal

Al 被覆Mg 合金薄板材の作製およびその機械的性質の調査

傾斜機能材料論文集 30(0), 1-4, 2017
NAID 130005133711

平成26年度 8020研究事業公募課題の概要報告かかりつけ歯科医師の存在とその後のQOL、生存維持との因果構造

8020 : はち・まる・にい・まる : 財団法人8020推進財団会誌 (15), 130-133, 2016-16
NAID 40020754797

情報公開に関する日米間の意識の差異　－会計情報を通しての一考察－

福井工業大学研究紀要, 200-210, 2016-07-21
NAID 120005819938

コッター数の少ないRC造プレキャストコア壁の構造性能に関する実験的研究

福井工業大学研究紀要, 95-102, 2016-07-20
NAID 120005819925

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「conformational」「立体構造的」「conformationally」「structurally」「構造的」
拡張検索	「viral nonstructural protein」「structural formulae」