ラセン神経節
WordNet
- form a spiral; "The path spirals up the mountain"
- a continuously accelerating change in the economy
- a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center
- ornament consisting of a curve on a plane that winds around a center with an increasing distance from the center (同)volute
- flying downward in a helical path with a large radius
- an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
PrepTutorEJDIC
- らせん(helix) / らせん状のもの;らせんばね;巻き貝 / (物価・賃金などの)らせん状上昇(下降) / らせん状の /… ‘を'らせん形にする / らせん形になる;らせん状に動く
- 神経節・ガングリオン,結節腫 《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的・産業的活動の〕中心,中枢 〔of〕
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/08/04 22:55:08」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Spiral ganglion |
Transverse section of the cochlear duct of a fetal cat. (Ganglion spirale is labeled at top, second from left.)
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Part of the cochlear division of the acoustic nerve, highly magnified.
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Details |
Identifiers |
Latin |
ganglion spirale |
MeSH |
A08.340.390.800 |
TA |
A15.3.03.125 |
TH |
H3.11.09.3.04068 |
FMA |
53445 |
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
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The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the modiolus, the conical shaped central axis in the cochlea.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Gallery
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Structure
Neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion are strung along the bony core of the cochlea, and send fibers (axons) into the central nervous system (CNS). These bipolar neurons are the first neurons in the auditory system to fire an action potential, and supply all of the brain's auditory input. Their dendrites make synaptic contact with the base of hair cells, and their axons are bundled together to form the auditory portion of eighth cranial nerve. The number of neurons in the spiral ganglion is estimated to be about 35,000–50,000.[1]
Two apparent subtypes of spiral ganglion cells exist. Type I spiral ganglion cells comprise the vast majority of spiral ganglion cells (90-95% in cats and 88% in humans[2]), and exclusively innervate the inner hair cells. They are myelinated, bipolar neurons. Type II spiral ganglion cells make up the remainder. In contrast to Type I cells, they are unipolar and unmyelinated in most mammals. They innervate the outer hair cells, with each Type II neuron sampling many (15-20) outer hair cells.[3] In addition, outer hair cells form reciprocal synapses onto Type II spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that the Type II cells have both afferent and efferent roles.[4]
Development
The rudiment of the acoustic nerve appears about the end of the third week as a group of ganglion cells closely applied to the cephalic edge of the auditory vesicle. The ganglion gradually splits into two parts, the vestibular ganglion and the spiral ganglion. The fibers connecting the spiral ganglion with the central nervous system form the cochlear nerve.
Gallery
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Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea
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References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ Mark F. Bear; Barry W. Connors & Michael A. Paradiso (2006). Neuroscience. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-6003-8.
- ^ Douglas B. Webster; Arthur N. Popper; Richard R. Fay, eds. (1992). The Mammalian Auditory Pathway: Neuroanatomy. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-97800-3.
- ^ H Spoendlin (1972). "Innervation densities of the cochlea". Acta Otolaryngol.
- ^ JB Nadol Jr (1990). "Synaptic morphology of inner and outer hair cells of the human organ of Corti". J Elect Micr Tech.
External links
- Slide and overview at anatomy.dal.ca
- Slide at cytochemistry.net
- Image at University of New England, Maine
Physiology of balance and hearing
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Hearing |
General
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- Auditory system
- Bone conduction
- Otoacoustic emission
- Tullio phenomenon
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Pathway
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- inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve VIII →
- pons: Cochlear nucleus (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →
- midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →
- thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
- cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex
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Balance |
General
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Pathway
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- inner ear: Vestibular nerve VIII →
- pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)
- cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe
- spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)
- thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus
- cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
- Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Exposure to diphtheria toxin during the juvenile period impairs both inner and outer hair cells in C57BL/6 mice.
- Konishi H1, Ohgami N2, Matsushita A3, Kondo Y4, Aoyama Y5, Kobayashi M6, Nagai T7, Ugawa S8, Yamada K9, Kato M10, Kiyama H11.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2017 May 20;351:15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.028. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
- PMID 28344071
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling axis mediates fibroblast growth factor 2-induced proliferation and survival of murine auditory neuroblasts.
- Bruno M1, Rizzo IM1, Romero-Guevara R1, Bernacchioni C1, Cencetti F1, Donati C2, Bruni P1.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2017 May;1864(5):814-824. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
- PMID 28188805
- Laser-capture micro dissection combined with next-generation sequencing analysis of cell type-specific deafness gene expression in the mouse cochlea.
- Nishio SY1, Takumi Y2, Usami SI3.
- Hearing research.Hear Res.2017 May;348:87-97. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.02.017. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
- PMID 28263850
Japanese Journal
- 神崎 晶
- 耳鼻咽喉科免疫アレルギー 36(3), 225-227, 2018
- <p>われわれは,急性内耳障害において炎症性サイトカインであるIL-6,IL-1β,TNFαに注目し解析した。急性内耳障害として音響外傷モデルマウスを用いて解析し,上記炎症性サイトカインが内耳蝸牛外側壁に発現していた(Fujioka M, et al. 2006)。サイトカインの発現に関与する転写因子nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB)も同様に内耳蝸牛外側壁で上昇し …
- NAID 130007494535
- 顔面神経麻痺を伴わない不全型Hunt症候群(Haymann IV型)例
- 山本 小百合,神前 英明,清水 猛史
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 111(1), 23-28, 2018
- … However, the left-sided total sensorineural hearing loss, positional nystagmus to the right, and canal paresis on the left persisted for eleven months.</p><p>Cochleovestibular symptoms with Haymann type IV Ramsay Hunt syndrome are presumably associated with VZV reactivation in the spiral and/or vestibular ganglion, but not in the geniculate ganglion. …
- NAID 130006301031
- Exposure to diphtheria toxin during the juvenile period impairs both inner and outer hair cells in C57BL/6 mice
- Konishi Hiroyuki,Ohgami Nobutaka,Matsushita Aika,Kondo Yuki,Aoyama Yuki,Kobayashi Masaaki,Nagai Taku,Ugawa Shinya,Yamada Kiyofumi,Kato Masashi,Kiyama Hiroshi
- Neuroscience 351, 15-23, 2017-05-20
- … Histological studies demonstrated that hearing loss was accompanied by significant degeneration of inner and outer hair cells (HCs), as well as spiral ganglion neurons. …
- NAID 120006331816
Related Links
- ...which innervates the organ of hearing, and the vestibular nerve, which innervates the organs of equilibrium. The fibres of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies, the spiral ganglion, located in the ...
- The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is the group of nerve cells that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain. The cell bodies of the spiral ganglion neurons are found in the modiolus, the ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- audition, hearing
- 同
- 聴感覚
- dB = 20 log10 (被験音圧)/(基準音圧)
聴覚の受容器
- 集音・共振による音圧増強: 20dB
- 鼓膜面積:アブミ骨底面積比と耳小骨連鎖のてこ比による音圧増強: 27dB
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- 基底膜の幅・柔らかさ・外有毛細胞による伸縮作用が異なる。
- 前庭階の入り口に近い基底膜が高周波数に応じて振動する (SP.240)
基底膜振動の伝播と進行波
SP.
基底膜振動の伝播は進行波と呼ばれる。
-周波数同調特性
SP. 240,251,252
-同調曲線
SP. 240,250,251
-特徴周波数
SP. 240,250
- 同調曲線上で、応答の閾値が最小値をとる周波数はその系が最も応答しやすい周波数(=特徴周波数)となる。
-周波数帯域
周波数帯SP. 239
-周波数局在性
SP. 202,206,241,250,258,260
- 振動周波数が高くなるに従い、振動の頂点は蝸牛管基部に生じる
- 蝸牛器官、らせん神経節、蝸牛神経核、上オリーブ核、台形体核、外側毛帯核、下丘、内側膝状体、聴皮質はすべて周波数局在性を有する(SP.250)
コルチ器 (2007年後期生理学授業プリント)
- 蝸牛基底部から頂部に至るらせん状の構造を全体として形成する
- 蝸牛の回転の内側に配列する
- 1列
- 3500個/蝸牛
- 感覚毛(不動毛。×動毛)
- 受容器細胞として主役
- 求心線維の90-95%が分布
- 内柱細胞 inner pillar cell
- コルチのトンネル tunnel of Corti
- 外柱細胞 outer pillar cell
- 外有毛細胞 outer hair cell
SP. 240-243,245-252,259
- 蝸牛の回転の外側に配列する
- 3-4列
- 20000個/蝸牛
- 感覚毛(不動毛。×動毛)
- 遠心性細胞が分布
- 膜電位に応じて長さを変化させ、基底膜同調特性に非線形的な増強を与えると考えられている。
- ヘンゼン細胞 Hensen cell
- 網状板(=網様膜)
- 蓋膜
- 蝸牛神経線維
- 遠心性線維(蝸牛神経節経由)
- 求心性線維(上オリーブ核(延髄)由来)
受容器電位 receptor potential
SP. 50,185,219,220,243
- 受容器電位の発生から聴神経におけるインパルス発生まで
- 1. 有毛細胞の感覚毛屈曲
- 2. 有毛細胞における受容器電位の発生
- 3. 有毛細胞から求心性線維への神経伝達物質(グルタミン酸)放出
- 4. 求心性線維終末におけるEPSP発生
- 5. 求心性線維終末における活動電位の発生
蝸牛マイクロフォン電位 cochlear microphonics potential, CM
SP. 247
- 聴覚刺激を与えることで、内耳および内耳周辺では刺激をを忠実に反映した電気信号が記録される。この電位をマイクロホン電位と呼ぶ(SP.247)
- 蝸牛マイクロフォン電位は感覚毛の振動で生じた受容器電位の総和(PT.163)
内リンパ腔電位 endolymph potential (=蝸牛内直流電位)
SP. 246,247
難聴
- 伝音性難聴とは、伝音機能の不良(音の伝達不良)によって起こる難聴であり、鼓膜破損や耳小骨硬化、慢性中耳炎などで起こり、骨伝導には問題がない。低音域で障害があらわれ、補聴器で補正できる。
- 感音性難聴とは、音の受容に問題があって起こる難聴であり、コルチ器官や聴神経あるいは聴神経核などの障害、利尿剤・老化による有毛細胞の変性などで起こる。高音域で障害があらわれ、補聴器で補正できない。
聴覚の伝導路
SP. 254-
- 1. 蝸牛・コルチ器官・有毛細胞
- 2. 蝸牛神経線維
- 3. らせん神経節(=蝸牛神経節) [一次ニューロン]
- 4. 蝸牛神経核 cochlear nucleus
- 5. 上オリーブ核群
- 6. 台形核
- 7. 外側毛帯
- 8. 外側毛体格
- 9. 下丘
- 10. 内側膝状体
- 11. 視床枕・網様核
- 12. 大脳皮質第一次聴覚野
- 13. 大脳皮質聴覚連合野
- 14. 大脳皮質感覚性言語中枢
(Q.book p.107)
伝導路における交叉
- 交叉は台形体・下丘で行われるが、反対皮質の優位性は低い
- 聴覚は両側性に中枢に伝わる
- 4-6個のニューロンを比較的多数のシナプスを中継して中枢に至る
[★]
- 英
- spiral ganglion of cochlea, spiral ganglion
- ラ
- ganglion spirale cochleae
[★]
らせん神経節、ラセン神経節
- 関
- spiral ganglion
[★]
- 関
- helical、helices、helix