WordNet

provide with water; "We watered the buffalo"
binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent (同)H2O
supply with water, as with channels or ditches or streams; "Water the fields" (同)irrigate
once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
secrete or form water, as tears or saliva; "My mouth watered at the prospect of a good dinner"; "His eyes watered"
a liquid necessary for the life of most animals and plants; "he asked for a drink of water"
fill with tears; "His eyes were watering"
the quantity that a bag will hold; "he ate a large bag of popcorn" (同)bagful
the quantity of game taken in a particular period (usually by one person); "his bag included two deer"
a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women); "she reached into her bag and found a comb" (同)handbag, pocketbook, purse
a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes; "he carried his small bag onto the plane with him" (同)traveling bag, travelling bag, grip, suitcase
a flexible container with a single opening; "he stuffed his laundry into a large bag"
put into a bag; "The supermarket clerk bagged the groceries"
an ugly or ill-tempered woman; "he was romancing the old bag for her money" (同)old bag
capture or kill, as in hunting; "bag a few pheasants"
hang loosely, like an empty bag
state of being torn or burst open
the act of making a sudden noisy break
a personal or social separation (as between opposing factions); "they hoped to avoid a break in relations" (同)breach, break, severance, rift, falling out

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉水 / 《しばしば複数形で》『海』(『湖,川』)『の水』 / 《複数形で》流れる水;(海・川・湖などの)波立つ水《+of+名》 / 《複数形で》(特定の)水域,領海,近海 / 〈U〉潮位,水位;《the water》水面 / 〈U〉分泌液(涙・汗・尿など) / 〈U〉溶液,…水 / 《複数形で》(飲用の)鉱泉水 / 〈U〉(織物・金属などの)波紋 / …‘に'『水をかける』(まく,やる) / 〈動物〉‘に'水を飲ませる / …‘に'水を供給する;…‘を'潅漑(かんがい)する / 〈液体など〉‘を'水で割る,薄める《+名+down,+down+名》 / 〈織物・金属など〉‘に'波紋(波模様)をつける / 〈動物などが〉水を飲む:〈船・機関などが〉給水を受ける / 〈目・口などが〉分泌液を出す
袋 / 袋状の物 / (女性の)ハンドバッグ;旅行かばん,スーツケース / (…の)1袋分の量《+『of』+『名』》 / (野球の)走塁ベース / 獲物入れ;(猟の)獲物 / …'を'袋に入れる / 《話》〈獲物〉'を'捕える / 《話》'を'失敬する,こっそりもらう / (からの袋のように)だらりと下がる,だぶだぶする
〈U〉〈C〉(…の)破裂《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(友好的関係などの)決裂,仲たがい / 〈C〉裂け目 / 〈C〉脱腸,ヘルニア / …‘を'破裂させる / 〈友好関係など〉‘を'断ち切る / 破裂する
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
たくさん(…の)《+『of』+『名』》 / (博性用,また一般に)だぶだぶのズボン
僕(私)のものだ!;僕が(私が)するんだ!

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/09 12:18:26」(JST)

wiki en

Rupture of membranes (ROM) or amniorrhexis is a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac.^[1] Normally, it occurs spontaneously at full term either during or at the beginning of labor. Rupture of the membranes is known colloquially as "breaking the water" or as one's "water breaking." A premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of the amnion that occurs prior to the onset of labor.

Effects

When the amniotic sac ruptures, production of prostaglandins increases and the cushioning between the fetus and uterus is decreased, both of which processes increase the frequency and intensity of contractions.^[2]

On occasion, with the rupture of membranes, particularly if the head is not engaged, the umbilical cord may prolapse. A cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency, as the descending head may block fetal-placental circulation.

Once the membranes are ruptured, bacteria may ascend and could lead to amnionitis and fetal infection.

Types

SROM: spontaneous rupture of membranes. This term describes the normal, spontaneous rupture of the membranes at full term. The rupture is usually at the bottom of the uterus, over the cervix, causing a gush of fluid. This gush may be quite small (such as 50ml), or it can be significantly large (200-300ml) depending upon amount of fluid in the amniotic sac, and to what extent the fetal head is plugging the hole and retaining fluid in the sac.^[3]

PROM : premature rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes that occurs before the onset of labor.
- PPROM : preterm, premature rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes that occurs before 37 weeks gestation.

AROM : artificial rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes by a third party, usually a midwife or obstetrician in order to induce or accelerate labor.

Detection

Detection of rupture of membranes mainly include:^[4]

Pooling test: visualization of amniotic fluid pooling in the vagina
Nitrazine paper test
Fern test

References

^ "amniorrhexis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ American Pregnancy Association > Inducing Labor Last Updated: 01/2007
^ kiwifamilies.co.nz > Birth > Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes By Paula Skelton, midwife
^ Bennett, S.; Cullen, J.; Sherer, D.; Woods Jr, J. (2008). "The Ferning and Nitrazine Tests of Amniotic Fluid Between 12 and 41 Weeks Gestation". American Journal of Perinatology 10 (2): 101–104. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994637. PMID 8476469. edit

External links

Merck Manual: Premature rupture of membranes

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Laparoscopic Cystectomy In-a-Bag of an Intact Cyst: Is It Feasible and Spillage-Free After All?

Detorakis S1, Vlachos D1, Athanasiou S1, Grigoriadis T1, Domali A1, Chatzipapas I1, Stamatakis E1, Mousiolis A1, Patrikios A1, Antsaklis A1, Loutradis D1, Protopapas A1.
Minimally invasive surgery.Minim Invasive Surg.2016;2016:8640871. doi: 10.1155/2016/8640871. Epub 2016 Mar 23.
This prospective study was conducted to assess the feasibility of laparoscopic cystectomy of an intact adnexal cyst performed inside a water proof endoscopic bag, aiming to avoid intraperitoneal spillage in case of cyst rupture. 102 patients were recruited. Two of them were pregnant. In 8 of the pat
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Down-regulation of POLYGALACTURONASE1 alters firmness, tensile strength and water loss in apple (Malus x domestica) fruit.

Atkinson RG1, Sutherland PW, Johnston SL, Gunaseelan K, Hallett IC, Mitra D, Brummell DA, Schröder R, Johnston JW, Schaffer RJ.
BMC plant biology.BMC Plant Biol.2012 Aug 2;12:129. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-129.
BACKGROUND: While there is now a significant body of research correlating apple (Malus x domestica) fruit softening with the cell wall hydrolase ENDO-POLYGALACTURONASE1 (PG1), there is currently little knowledge of its physiological effects in planta. This study examined the effect of down regulatio
PMID 22856470

Articular cartilage surface rupture during compression: investigating the effects of tissue hydration in relation to matrix health.

Fick JM1, Espino DM.
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials.J Mech Behav Biomed Mater.2011 Oct;4(7):1311-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.04.018. Epub 2011 Apr 29.
This study aimed at investigating articular cartilage rupture by investigating the response of healthy and degenerate cartilage through altering the osmotic swelling environment of surface-intact, cartilage-on-bone specimens. The osmotic environment in healthy and degenerate bovine cartilage was var
PMID 21783140