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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/14 02:38:25」(JST)
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Rupture of membranes (ROM) or amniorrhexis is a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac.[1] Normally, it occurs spontaneously at full term either during or at the beginning of labor. Rupture of the membranes is known colloquially as "breaking the water" or as one's "water breaking." A premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of the amnion that occurs prior to the onset of labor.
Sometimes, a child is born with no rupture of the amniotic sac (no rupture of membranes).
Contents
- 1 Effects
- 2 Types
- 3 Detection
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Effects
When the amniotic sac ruptures, production of prostaglandins increases and the cushioning between the fetus and uterus is decreased, both of which processes increase the frequency and intensity of contractions.[2]
On occasion, with the rupture of membranes, particularly if the head is not engaged, the umbilical cord may prolapse. A cord prolapse is an obstetrical emergency, as the descending head may block fetal-placental circulation.
Once the membranes are ruptured, bacteria may ascend and could lead to amnionitis and fetal infection.
Types
- SROM: spontaneous rupture of membranes. This term describes the normal, spontaneous rupture of the membranes at full term. The rupture is usually at the bottom of the uterus, over the cervix, causing a gush of fluid. This gush may be quite small (such as 50ml), or it can be significantly large (200-300ml) depending upon amount of fluid in the amniotic sac, and to what extent the fetal head is plugging the hole and retaining fluid in the sac.[3]
- PROM : premature rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes that occurs before the onset of labor.
- PPROM : preterm, premature rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes that occurs before 37 weeks gestation.
- AROM : artificial rupture of membranes. This term describes a rupture of the membranes by a third party, usually a midwife or obstetrician in order to induce or accelerate labor.
Detection
Detection of rupture of membranes mainly include:[4]
- Pooling test: visualization of amniotic fluid pooling in the vagina
- Nitrazine paper test
- Fern test
References
- ^ "amniorrhexis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ American Pregnancy Association > Inducing Labor Last Updated: 01/2007
- ^ kiwifamilies.co.nz > Birth > Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes By Paula Skelton, midwife
- ^ Bennett, S.; Cullen, J.; Sherer, D.; Woods Jr, J. (2008). "The Ferning and Nitrazine Tests of Amniotic Fluid Between 12 and 41 Weeks Gestation". American Journal of Perinatology 10 (2): 101–104. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994637. PMID 8476469.
External links
- Merck Manual: Premature rupture of membranes
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Analysis of obstetric care variables associated with caesarean section in low-risk pregnancy patients.
- Tinelli E1, Vecchi S, Illari S.
- Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis.Acta Biomed.2015;86 Suppl 3:189-93.
- BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK: The excessive use of caesarean section (CS) is an issue that is at the core of the political and healthcare management debate. This concern is particularly relevant for low-risk pregnancies, which does not theoretically require CS. Indeed, in Robson's classification,
- PMID 26828337
- Economical Analysis of Different Clinical Approaches in Pre-Viability Amniorrhexis-A Case Series.
- Engemise S1, Thompson F2, Davies W3.
- Journal of clinical medicine.J Clin Med.2014 Jan 9;3(1):25-38. doi: 10.3390/jcm3010025.
- Prolonged oligohydramnios following extreme preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (EPPROM) is traditionally associated with a high morbidity and mortality to both the mother and the baby. The clinical maternal evaluation and fetal ultrasound assessment may provide important prognostic information f
- PMID 26237250
- [Combined spinal and epidural anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a patient with a cervical fracture at C2].
- Mochidome M1, Sakamoto A, Tanaka H, Sugiyama D, Kawamata M.
- Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology.Masui.2013 Apr;62(4):462-5.
- There are only a few reports on cesarean section in a patient with cervical fracture without spinal cord injury (SCI). Such patients have high risks for deterioration of SCI following general or regional anesthesia. Here, we present a patient with a fracture of C2 vertebra who underwent cesarean sec
- PMID 23697203
Japanese Journal
- 生後3ヵ月時に多発性十二指腸穿孔を認めた超低出生体重児の1例
- 日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association 65(11), 2918-2921, 2004-11-25
- NAID 10014400303
Related Links
- amniorrhexis [am″ne-o-rek´sis] rupture of the amnion. am·ni·or·rhex·is (am'nē-ō-rek'sis), Rupture of the amniotic membrane. [amnio- + G. rhēxis, rupture] amniorrhexis /am·ni·or·rhex·is/ (am″ne-o-rek´sis) rupture of the amnion. am·ni·or ...
- Amniorrhexis definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up now! Dictionary.com Word of the Day Translate Games Blog Thesaurus.com Apps Favorites Log Out Log In ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- rupture of membrane, amniorrhexis, rupture of bag of waters
- ラ
- ruptura bursae aquarum
- 同
- 胎胞破裂 rupture of bag