関: promoter region、promotor region

WordNet

a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone
one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe; "the alchemists believed that there were four elements"
the situation in which you are happiest and most effective; "in your element"
the most favorable environment for a plant or animal; "water is the element of fishes"
change a pawn for a better piece by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it to the row closest to your opponent
contribute to the progress or growth of; "I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom" (同)advance, boost, further, encourage
give a promotion to or assign to a higher position; "John was kicked upstairs when a replacement was hired"; "Women tend not to advance in the major law firms"; "I got promoted after many years of hard work" (同)upgrade, advance, kick upstairs, raise, elevate
be changed for a superior chess or checker piece
someone who is an active supporter and advocate (同)booster, plugger
violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements); "they felt the full fury of the elements"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(物質を構成する)元素 / 〈C〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》(…の)(基本的な)『要素』,『成分』;《しばしば複数形で》構成分子 / 〈C〉(生物に固有の)生息場所,環境;(人の)適所,本領 / 〈C〉《古》四大(しだい)[元素](自然界の基本的構成要素と考えられていた地(earth)・水(water)・風(air)・火(fire)の4大要素の一つ) / 《the elements》(雨・風・雪などの)自然力・風雨,(特に)悪天候 / 《the elements》(学問の)原理,初歩,概論
…‘を'『助長する』,促進する,増進する / (…に)…‘を'『昇進させる』,進級させる《+『名+to+名』》 / 〈議案など〉‘を'通過するように努力する / 〈会社・事業〉‘を'発起する;〈興業〉‘を'主催する / 〈商品など〉‘の'販売促進をする
(物事の)推進者,奨励者 / (会社の)発起人,創立者 / 興行師,プロモーター;(会などの)主催者

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 鉄のバランス調節 regulation of iron balance
2. 糖尿病および遺伝的糖尿病症候群の分類 classification of diabetes mellitus and genetic diabetic syndromes
3. Pathogenesis and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
4. ビリルビン過剰産生によるジルベール症候群および非抱合型ビリルビン過剰産生 gilbert syndrome and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to bilirubin overproduction
5. 血友病の遺伝学 genetics of the hemophilias

English Journal

Novel treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: As₂O₃, retinoic acid and retinoid pharmacology.

Zhu G, Mische SE, Seigneres B1.Author information 1Institute of Oncology of George Zhu, 422407, Beijing, China. sansan4240732@163.com.AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃ regimens as now novel therapy. Molecular gene analyses are conclusive in vivo evidence that oncogenic PML/RARa plays a crucial role in APL leukemogenesis. As a novel approach to APL treatment, one possible the action of RA, A consense sequence (5'-TCAGGTCATGACCTGA-3') has been postulated for the thyroid hormone (TRE) and retinoic acid responsive element (RARE) containing half palindromes, which located in the promoter region of target genes. High dose (100-fold) of RA-RARE-PML/RARa complex in intracellular localization appears to relieve repressor from DNA binding, including corepressors N-CoR, SMRT and HDACs, release PML/RARa- mediated transcriptional repression, and release histone deacetylase activity from PMLRARa. The resulting PML/RARa oncoprotein proteolytic degradation through the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin SUMO-proteasome system (UPS), as well as caspase 3 (cleavage site Asp522 within a-helics region of PML component of the fusion protein) or neutrophil elastase, or lysosomal protease enzyme induction. PML protein relocalizes into the wild-type nuclear body (PML-NB) configuration or/and wild-type RARa upregulated. An effect to relieve the blockade (inhibition) of PML/RARA-mediated RA dependent promyelocytic differentiation, and retinoic acid in APL therapy (see Figure in the full text, George Zhu, 1991). Here, like v-erbA, PML/RARa is a (strong) transcriptional repressor of the RA receptor (RAR) complex, and PML/RARa fusion receptor gene act as conditional oncogenic receptor (translocated chimeric retinoic acid a signaling) or oncogenic PML/RARa may participate in leukemogenesis of APL through blocking RA-mediated promyelocytic differentiation. This is first described in eukaryotes.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(9):849-58.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), a specific characteristic of t(15;17) chromosome translocation, represents 5% to 15% of cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. An alternative approach is to consider retinoic acid(all-trans RA, ATRA or 13-cis RA or 9-cis RA) plus chemotherapy or RA plus As₂O₃
PMID 24433507

CTCF mediates the TERT enhancer-promoter interactions in lung cancer cells: Identification of a novel enhancer region involved in the regulation of TERT gene.

Eldholm V1, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S.Author information 1Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.AbstractTelomerase activation is a hallmark of cancer. Although the regulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (TERT), the rate-limiting factor for telomerase activity, has been studied intensively it remains incompletely understood. In cells devoid of telomerase activity, TERT is embedded in a region of condensed chromatin and the chromatin remodeling protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) has been implicated in the inhibition of TERT expression. The importance of TERT activation for cellular immortalization and carcinogenesis is attested by the fact that the gene is expressed in more than 90% of immortal cell lines and tumors and that gain of TERT is the most frequent amplification event in early stage lung cancer. This study was designed to study the mechanisms of regulation of the TERT gene expression by the CTCF transcription factor in three human lung cancer cell lines, A427, A549 and H838. Depletion of CTCF by siRNA resulted in reduced TERT mRNA levels in two (A427 and A549) of the three cell lines. A novel enhancer element was identified approximately 4.5 kb upstream of the TERT transcription start site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed recruitment of CTCF to this enhancer element. Chromosome conformation capture experiments demonstrated the presence of CTCF-dependent chromatin loops between this enhancer element and the TERT proximal promoter in A427 and A549 cell lines. In summary, the results show that CTCF plays an important role in maintaining TERT expression in a subset of human lung cancer cell lines. This role may be due to CTCF-dependent enhancer-promoter interactions.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 May 15;134(10):2305-13. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28570. Epub 2013 Nov 14.
Telomerase activation is a hallmark of cancer. Although the regulation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic subunit (TERT), the rate-limiting factor for telomerase activity, has been studied intensively it remains incompletely understood. In cells devoid of telomerase activity, TERT is
PMID 24174344

MafB is a downstream target of the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, involved in the regulation of macrophage de-activation.

Gemelli C1, Zanocco Marani T2, Bicciato S2, Mazza EM2, Boraschi D3, Salsi V2, Zappavigna V2, Parenti S2, Selmi T2, Tagliafico E2, Ferrari S2, Grande A2.Author information 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy. Electronic address: claudia.gemelli@unimore.it.2Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.3Immunobiology Unit, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, CNR, Pisa, Italy.AbstractIn spite of the numerous reports implicating MafB transcription factor in the molecular control of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, the precise genetic program underlying this activity has been, to date, poorly understood. To clarify this issue, we planned a number of experiments that were mainly conducted on human primary macrophages. In this regard, a preliminary gene function study, based on MafB inactivation and over-expression, indicated MMP9 and IL-7R genes as possible targets of the investigated transcription factor. Bioinformatics analysis of their promoter regions disclosed the presence of several putative MARE elements and a combined approach of EMSA and luciferase assay subsequently demonstrated that expression of both genes is indeed activated by MafB through a direct transcription mechanism. Additional investigation, performed with similar procedures to elucidate the biological relevance of our observation, revealed that MafB is a downstream target of the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, normally inducing the macrophage de-activation process. Taken together our data support the existence of a signaling cascade by which stimulation of macrophages with the IL-10 cytokine determines a sequential activation of STAT3 and MafB transcription factors, in turn leading to an up-regulated expression of MMP9 and IL-7R genes.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 May;1843(5):955-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.021. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
In spite of the numerous reports implicating MafB transcription factor in the molecular control of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, the precise genetic program underlying this activity has been, to date, poorly understood. To clarify this issue, we planned a number of experiments that were mainl
PMID 24472656

Japanese Journal

Identification of the glutathione S-transferase gene responsible for flower color intensity in carnations

SASAKI Nobuhiro,NISHIZAKI Yuzo,UCHIDA Yasuhiro,WAKAMATSU Eigo,UMEMOTO Naoyuki,MOMOSE Masaki,OKAMURA Masachika,YOSHIDA Hiroyuki,YAMAGUCHI Masaatsu,NAKAYAMA Masayoshi,OZEKI Yoshihiro,ITOH Yoshio
Plant biotechnology 29(3), 223-227, 2012-06-25
… A truncated DcGSTF2 gene, resulting from the insertion of a CACTA-type transposable element, was found in the genome of a mutable flower line bearing deep pink sectors on pale pink petals. … A full length DcGSTF2 gene driven by a continuous expression promoter was introduced into the epidermal cells of carnations with pale pink petals. …
NAID 10030804543

TRIM59 interacts with ECSIT and negatively regulates NF-κB and IRF-3/7-mediated signal pathways

Kondo Takeshi,Watanabe Masashi,Hatakeyama Shigetsugu
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 422(3), 501-507, 2012-06-08
… Luciferase reporter assays using reporter plasmids including NF-κB responsive element, interferon β (IFN-β) promoter and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) showed that overexpression of TRIM59 repressed their transcriptional activities, whereas knockdown of TRIM59 enhanced their transcriptional activities. …
NAID 120004448498

Chicken oviduct-specific expression of transgene by a hybrid ovalbumin enhancer and the Tet expression system(GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)

Kodama Daisuke,Nishimiya Daisuke,Nishijima Ken-ichi,Okino Yuuki,Inayoshi Yujin,Kojima Yasuhiro,Ono Ken-ichiro,Motono Makoto,Miyake Katsuhide,Kawabe Yoshinori,Kyogoku Kenji,Yamashita Takashi,Kamihira Masamichi,Iijima Shinji
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(2), 146-153, 2012-02
… We generated genetically manipulated chickens and quail by infecting them with a retroviral vector expressing the human growth hormone under the control of chicken ovalbumin promoter/enhancer up to -3861 bp from the transcriptional start site. … This represented only the DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS) III of the 4 DHSs and lacked the proximal promoter of the ovalbumin control region. …
NAID 110009418660