WordNet

lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus"
situated at or extending to the side; "the lateral branches of a tree"; "shot out sidelong boughs"- Tennyson (同)sidelong

PrepTutorEJDIC

横の,側面の;横からの / (音声が)側音の / 側面,(道路の)側溝(そっこう) / 側音(英語の[1]など)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/13 21:08:25」(JST)

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The lateral pterygoid or external pterygoid is a muscle of mastication with two heads. It lies superiorly to the medial pterygoid.

Origin and insertion

The upper/superior head originates on the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the lower/inferior head on the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.

Inferior head inserts onto the neck of condyloid process of the mandible; upper/superior head inserts onto the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the temporomandibular joint.

Innervation

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, specifically the lateral pterygoid nerve, innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Function

The primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is to pull the head of the condyle out of the mandibular fossa along the articular eminence to protrude the mandible. A concerted effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles acts in helping lower the mandible and open the jaw whereas unilateral action of a lateral pterygoid produces contralateral excursion (a form of mastication), usually performed in concert with the medial pterygoids.

Unlike the other three muscles of mastication, the lateral pterygoid is the only muscle of mastication that assists in depressing the mandible (opening the jaw). At the beginning of this action it is assisted by the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles.

Additional images

Sphenoid bone. Anterior and inferior surfaces.
Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.
Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery.
Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.

External links

-73793457 at GPnotebook
lesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (musclesofmastication2)
MedicalMnemonics.com: 70
Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Cross section at tufts.edu

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The musculus pterygoïdeus proprius: an in-vivo approach with magnetic resonance imaging.

Snoeck T, Provyn S, Balestra C, Parlak B, Emonts P, Sesbouë B, Clarys JP.SourceLaboratory of Environmental and Occupational Physiology, Haute Ecole Paul Henri Spaak, Brussels, Belgium. thyl.snoeck@vub.ac.be
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2010 Dec;217(6):679-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01308.x. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
There is a limited understanding of the normal function of the pterygoïdeus proprius muscle and the role that this muscle may have in temporomandibular disorders. Despite a well-described anatomical in-vitro approach to this muscle, there are still difficulties in investigating the fossa pterygopal
PMID 20946540

The function of the disco-muscular apparatus in the human temporomandibular joint.

Bade H.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Germany.
Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft.Ann Anat.1999 Jan;181(1):65-7.
The morphology and function of the disco-muscular apparatus of the human TMJ is a controversial subject. Connections between the muscles which move the mandible and the "disco-capsular complex" have been described in a contradictory way. The disco-muscular apparatus is also described as being more e
PMID 10081562

The function of discomuscular relationships in the human temporomandibular joint.

Bade H, Schenck C, Koebke J.SourceDepartment of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Germany.
Acta anatomica.Acta Anat (Basel).1994;151(4):258-67.
The aim of this morphological study was to investigate whether muscle tissue attaches directly to the discus articularis of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to indicate the probable significance of such attachments for the function of this articulation. The macroscopic and microscopic fin
PMID 7740921

Japanese Journal

オトガイ部知覚異常を初発症状とした側頭下窩に進展した筋肉内脂肪腫の1例

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 55(11), 580-584, 2009-11-20
NAID 10027091398

「外側翼突筋」

Lateral pterygoid muscle
	The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed (labeled as "pterygoideus externus", visible in pink at center)
	Sagittal section of the temporomandibular joint (labeled as "pterygoideus externus", visible in gray at bottom right)
Details
Origin	Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate
Insertion	Condyloid process of the mandible
Artery	Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Nerve	Lateral pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve
Actions	depresses mandible, protrude mandible, side to side movement of mandible
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus pterygoideus lateralis,; musculus pterygoideus externus
MeSH	A02.633.567.600.700
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12550292
TA	A04.1.04.006
FMA	49015
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]