WordNet

lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus"
situated at or extending to the side; "the lateral branches of a tree"; "shot out sidelong boughs"- Tennyson (同)sidelong
comparative of the adverb `late; "he stayed later than you did"
coming at a subsequent time or stage; "without ulterior argument"; "the mood posterior to" (同)ulterior, posterior

PrepTutorEJDIC

横の,側面の;横からの / (音声が)側音の / 側面,(道路の)側溝(そっこう) / 側音(英語の[1]など)
《補語にのみ用いて》(人などが)(…するのが)『もっと遅い』《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (時刻・時期が)『もっと遅い』,もっと後の / 後で,のちほど / (lateの比較級)(定刻・予定時間・他の人(物))より遅れて,遅く

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/14 22:52:10」(JST)

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The lateral pterygoid or external pterygoid is a muscle of mastication with two heads. It lies superiorly to the medial pterygoid.

Origin and insertion

The upper/superior head originates on the infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, and the lower/inferior head on the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate.

Inferior head inserts onto the neck of condyloid process of the mandible; upper/superior head inserts onto the articular disc and fibrous capsule of the temporomandibular joint.

Innervation

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, specifically the lateral pterygoid nerve, innervates the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Function

The primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle is to pull the head of the condyle out of the mandibular fossa along the articular eminence to protrude the mandible. A concerted effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles acts in helping lower the mandible and open the jaw whereas unilateral action of a lateral pterygoid produces contralateral excursion (a form of mastication), usually performed in concert with the medial pterygoids.

Unlike the other three muscles of mastication, the lateral pterygoid is the only muscle of mastication that assists in depressing the mandible (opening the jaw). At the beginning of this action it is assisted by the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles.

Additional images

Sphenoid bone. Anterior and inferior surfaces.
Mandible. Inner surface. Side view.
Plan of branches of internal maxillary artery.
Distribution of the maxillary and mandibular nerves, and the submaxillary ganglion.

External links

-73793457 at GPnotebook
lesson4 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (musclesofmastication2)
MedicalMnemonics.com: 70
Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier
Cross section at tufts.edu

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Morphology of open bite.

Krey KF1, Dannhauer KH, Hierl T.
Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie.J Orofac Orthop.2015 May 2. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to define and illustrate the skeletal morphology of open-bite patients against the background of sagittal jaw relationships on the basis of lateral cephalograms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 197 untreated adults were analyzed in dental imagi
PMID 25929714

Inferior displacement of the lower belly of the lateral pterygoid muscle: a sign of temporomandibular joint lesions.

Ochoa Escudero M1, Juliano AF, Curtin HD.
Journal of computer assisted tomography.J Comput Assist Tomogr.2015 May-Jun;39(3):340-2. doi: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000000225.
OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this article are to report the imaging finding of inferior displacement of the lower belly of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) in patients with lesions arising from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to propose that this imaging finding is suggestive of the presence o
PMID 25700228

Long-term results of ORIF of condylar head fractures of the mandible: A prospective 5-year follow-up study of small-fragment positional-screw osteosynthesis (SFPSO).

Kolk A1, Neff A2.
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2015 May;43(4):452-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.02.004. Epub 2015 Feb 13.
BACKGROUND: Optimum treatment of condylar head fractures (CHF) remains subject to controversy. There are currently a variety of alternative techniques applied, data in literature are often inconsistent and especially systematic long-term data on results after treatment by open reduction and internal
PMID 25773375

Japanese Journal

上顎智歯周囲炎に起因した慢性翼突筋炎が原因と考えられた重度開口障害の1例

日本顎関節学会雑誌 27(2), 114-119, 2015
NAID 130005102968

開口障害を伴った進行性骨化性線維異形成症の1例

日本口腔外科学会雑誌 61(4), 241-245, 2015
NAID 130005102754

A Case of Infratemporal Fossa Abscess with Signs of Chronic Maxillary Osteomyelitis

The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 56(2), 121-129, 2015
NAID 130005078127

「外側翼突筋」

Lateral pterygoid muscle
	The Pterygoidei; the zygomatic arch and a portion of the ramus of the mandible have been removed (labeled as "pterygoideus externus", visible in pink at center)
	Sagittal section of the temporomandibular joint (labeled as "pterygoideus externus", visible in gray at bottom right)
Details
Latin	Musculus pterygoideus lateralis,; musculus pterygoideus externus
Origin	Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate
Insertion	Condyloid process of the mandible
Artery	Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery
Nerve	Lateral pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve
Actions	depresses mandible, protrude mandible, side to side movement of mandible
Identifiers
Gray's	p.386
MeSH	A02.633.567.600.700
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12550292
TA	A04.1.04.006
FMA	49015
	Anatomical terms of muscle