WordNet

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion
a nonspecific agent that imparts motion; "happiness is the aim of all men and the motor of all action"
existing in possibility; "a potential problem"; "possible uses of nuclear power" (同)possible
the inherent capacity for coming into being (同)potentiality, potency
the act of driving an automobile

PrepTutorEJDIC

(電気の)『モーター』,電動機 / エンジン,(特に)内燃機関 / 《英》自動車(motorcar) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / モーターの;エンジンの;自動車の / モーター(エンジン)による,自動車による / (神経・筋肉について)運動の / 自動車で行く / …‘を'自動車で運ぶ
可能性のある,潜在的な / 可能性,潜在力 / 電位
(…から)〈霊魂など〉‘を'呼び出す《+『名』+『from』+『名』》 / 〈記憶・感情など〉‘を'呼び起こす
自動車運転〈技術〉,ドライブ
気のきいた言葉

UpToDate Contents

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1. 臨床神経生理学 clinical neurophysiology
2. 神経伝導検査の概要 overview of nerve conduction studies
3. 進行性核上性麻痺（PSP） progressive supranuclear palsy psp
4. 成人における単極性うつ病：経頭蓋磁気刺激（TMS）による治療 unipolar depression in adults treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation tms
5. 大脳皮質基底核変性症 corticobasal degeneration

English Journal

Direct cortical hemodynamic mapping of somatotopy of pig nostril sensation by functional near-infrared cortical imaging (fNCI).

Uga M1, Saito T2, Sano T3, Yokota H4, Oguro K4, Rizki EE4, Mizutani T3, Katura T5, Dan I6, Watanabe E7.Author information 1Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.2Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Department of Animal Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.3Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.4Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.5Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.6Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Research and Development Initiatives/Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan. Electronic address: dan@jichi.ac.jp.7Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.AbstractFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique for the noninvasive monitoring of human brain activation states utilizing the coupling between neural activity and regional cerebral hemodynamics. Illuminators and detectors, together constituting optodes, are placed on the scalp, but due to the presence of head tissues, an inter-optode distance of more than 2.5cm is necessary to detect cortical signals. Although direct cortical monitoring with fNIRS has been pursued, a high-resolution visualization of hemodynamic changes associated with sensory, motor and cognitive neural responses directly from the cortical surface has yet to be realized. To acquire robust information on the hemodynamics of the cortex, devoid of signal complications in transcranial measurement, we devised a functional near-infrared cortical imaging (fNCI) technique. Here we demonstrate the first direct functional measurement of temporal and spatial patterns of cortical hemodynamics using the fNCI technique. For fNCI, inter-optode distance was set at 5mm, and light leakage from illuminators was prevented by a special optode holder made of a light-shielding rubber sheet. fNCI successfully detected the somatotopy of pig nostril sensation, as assessed in comparison with concurrent and sequential somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP) measurements on the same stimulation sites. Accordingly, the fNCI system realized a direct cortical hemodynamic measurement with a spatial resolution comparable to that of SEP mapping on the rostral region of the pig brain. This study provides an important initial step toward realizing functional cortical hemodynamic monitoring during neurosurgery of human brains.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 May 1;91:138-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.062. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging technique for the noninvasive monitoring of human brain activation states utilizing the coupling between neural activity and regional cerebral hemodynamics. Illuminators and detectors, together constituting optodes, are placed on the sc
PMID 24418508

Influence of position and stimulation parameters on intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human tongue motor cortex.

Kothari M1, Svensson P2, Nielsen JF3, Baad-Hansen L4.Author information 1Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Hammel Neurorehabilitation and Research Centre, Research Unit, Hammel, Denmark. Electronic address: mohit.kothari@odontologi.au.dk.2Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; MINDLab, Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.3Hammel Neurorehabilitation and Research Centre, Research Unit, Hammel, Denmark.4Section of Clinical Oral Physiology, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.AbstractPaired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) can be used to assess short-interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI) and facilitatory (ICF) networks. Many methodological parameters may however influence the outcome. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of body positions (recline and supine), inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) between the test stimulus (TS) and conditioning stimulus (CS) and intensities of the TS and CS on the degree of SICI and ICF. In studies 1 and 2, fourteen and seventeen healthy volunteers participated respectively. ppTMS was applied over the "hot-spot" of the tongue motor cortex and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from contralateral tongue muscles. In study 1, single pulse and three ppTMS ISIs, 2, 10, and 15ms, were applied 8 times each in three blocks (TS: 120%, 140% and 160% of resting motor threshold (rMT); CS: 80% of rMT) in two different body positions (recline and supine) randomly. In study 2, single pulse and four ppTMS ISIs, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5ms, were applied 8 times each in randomized order in two blocks (CS: 70% and 80% of rMT; TS: 120% of rMT). There was a significant effect of body position (P=0.049), TS intensities (P<0.001) and ISIs (P<0.001) and interaction between intensity and ISIs (P=0.042) in study 1. In study 2, there was a significant effect of ISI (P<0.001) but not CS intensity (P=0.984) on MEP amplitude. These results may be applied in future studies on the mechanisms of cortical plasticity in the tongue motor pathways using ppTMS and SICI and ICF.
Brain research.Brain Res.2014 Apr 4;1557:83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.017. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) can be used to assess short-interval intracortical inhibitory (SICI) and facilitatory (ICF) networks. Many methodological parameters may however influence the outcome. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of body positions (recline
PMID 24534367

Improvement in intraoperative transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials in tethered cord surgery: an analysis of 45 cases.

Pratheesh R1, Babu KS, Rajshekhar V.Author information 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India.AbstractBACKGROUND: Improvement of transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials (TeMEPs) following untethering during tethered cord surgery (TCS) and its clinical significance have not been analyzed in the literature.
Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2014 Apr;156(4):723-31. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-1999-7. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
BACKGROUND: Improvement of transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials (TeMEPs) following untethering during tethered cord surgery (TCS) and its clinical significance have not been analyzed in the literature.METHODS: Forty-five consecutive cases of tethered cord were operated on with multimodali
PMID 24452593

Japanese Journal

P-6 Changes in corticospinal excitability during dual task(The Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meetings of Japan Society of Exercise and Sports Physiology July 27 ・ 28, (Saitama))