マロニル補酵素A、マロニルCoA

関: malonyl-coenzyme A

WordNet

the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system

PrepTutorEJDIC

carbonの化学記号
cobaltの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/03 19:50:45」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid.

Functions

It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is also used in transporting alpha-ketoglutarate across the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix.

Fatty acid biosynthesis

In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.

Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate,^[1] requiring energy rendered from ATP.

Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme malonyl coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer malonate from malonyl-CoA to the terminal thiol of holo-acyl carrier protein (ACP).

Polyketide biosynthesis

MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis. The enzyme MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a polyketide synthase (PKS) and chain-length factor heterodimer, constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides.

Regulation

Malonyl-CoA is a highly-regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria, where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur.

References

^ Nelson D, Cox M (2008) Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 5th Ed: p. 806

External links

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における糖尿病性ケトアシドーシスおよび高浸透圧性高血糖状態：疫学および病因 diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults epidemiology and pathogenesis

English Journal

Rapid preparation of (methyl)malonyl coenzyme A and enzymatic formation of unusual polyketides by type III polyketide synthase from Aquilaria sinensis.

Gao BW1, Wang XH2, Liu X2, Shi SP3, Tu PF4.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Mar 15;25(6):1279-83. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.045. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
(Methyl)malonyl coenzyme A was rapidly and effectively synthesized by a two-step procedure involving preparation of N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (methyl)malonate from (methyl)Meldrum's acid, and followed by transesterification with coenzyme A. The synthesized (methyl)malonyl coenzyme A could be well accept
PMID 25677661

Pregnancy Induces Resistance to the Anorectic Effect of Hypothalamic Malonyl-CoA and the Thermogenic Effect of Hypothalamic AMPK Inhibition in Female Rats.

Martínez de Morentin PB1, Lage R, González-García I, Ruíz-Pino F, Martins L, Fernández-Mallo D, Gallego R, Fernø J, Señarís R, Saha AK, Tovar S, Diéguez C, Nogueiras R, Tena-Sempere M, López M.
Endocrinology.Endocrinology.2015 Mar;156(3):947-60. doi: 10.1210/en.2014-1611. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
During gestation, hyperphagia is necessary to cope with the metabolic demands of embryonic development. There were three main aims of this study: Firstly, to investigate the effect of pregnancy on hypothalamic fatty acid metabolism, a key pathway for the regulation of energy balance; secondly, to st
PMID 25535827

Recent advances in biosynthesis of fatty acids derived products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via enhanced supply of precursor metabolites.

Lian J1, Zhao H.
Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology.J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol.2015 Mar;42(3):437-51. doi: 10.1007/s10295-014-1518-0. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
Fatty acids or their activated forms, fatty acyl-CoAs and fatty acyl-ACPs, are important precursors to synthesize a wide variety of fuels and chemicals, including but not limited to free fatty acids (FFAs), fatty alcohols (FALs), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), and alkanes. However, Saccharomyces c
PMID 25306882

Japanese Journal

Biochemical characterization of the very long-chain fatty acid elongase ELOVL7

Naganuma Tatsuro,Sato Yuichiro,Sassa Takayuki,Ohno Yusuke,Kihara Akio
FEBS Letters 585(20), 3337-3341, 2011-10-20
… The calculated Km values toward C18: 3-CoA(n-3) and malonyl-CoA were both in the μM range. …
NAID 80022116925

A New Pathway for Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum by Functional Expression of a New Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A Synthase

MATSUMOTO Ken'ichiro,YAMADA Miwa,LEONG Chean Ring,JO Sung-Jin,KUZUYAMA Tomohisa,TAGUCHI Seiichi
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(2), 364-366, 2011-02-23
… A biosynthetic pathway for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was developed in Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum by an acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthase (AACS) recently isolated from terpenoid-producing Streptomyces sp. …
NAID 10027898116

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ビオチン」「マロニル-CoA」「マロニル補酵素A」「malonyl-coenzyme A」
拡張検索	「methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase」「malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase」「methylmalonyl-CoA racemase」
関連記事	「C」「CoA」「COA」「Co」

「ビオチン」

Malonyl-CoA
Identifiers
CAS Number	524-14-1
ChemSpider	10213
MeSH	Malonyl+CoA
PubChem	869
	InChI InChI=1S/C24H38N7O19P3S/c1-24(2,19(37)22(38)27-4-3-13(32)26-5-6-54-15(35)7-14(33)34)9-47-53(44,45)50-52(42,43)46-8-12-18(49-51(39,40)41)17(36)23(48-12)31-11-30-16-20(25)28-10-29-21(16)31/h10-12,17-19,23,36-37H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H,26,32)(H,27,38)(H,33,34)(H,42,43)(H,44,45)(H2,25,28,29)(H2,39,40,41)/t12-,17-,18-,19?,23-/m1/s1 Key: LTYOQGRJFJAKNA-VFLPNFFSSA-N ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C24H38N7O19P3S
Molar mass	853.582
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: biotin
同: ビタミンB₇ vitamin B₇、補酵素R coenzyme R、ビタミンH vitamin H
関: ビタミン

機能

カルボキシラーゼの補酵素となり、CO₂キャリアーとして機能
体内で代謝されてビオチン酵素となり、炭素固定反応の補酵素となる。

1. pyruvate －(ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ)→ oxaloacetate

2. acetyl-CoA －(アセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ)→ malonyl-CoA

3. proprionyl-CoA －(プロピオニルCoAカルボキシラーゼ)→ methylmalonyl-CoA　：奇数炭素脂肪酸の偶数炭素脂肪酸への変換、2-オキソ酪酸の代謝

臨床関連

ビオチン欠乏

dermatitis, enteritis. Caused by antibiotic use, ingestion of raw eggs. (FIRST AID step1 p.114)
アビジンと強固に結合する。卵白の過剰摂取によりビオチンの吸収が妨げられ欠乏症を生じうる。

「マロニル-CoA」

　　[★]

英

(n

malonyl-CoA、malonyl-coenzyme A

関: マロニルCoA、マロニル補酵素A、マロニルコエンザイムA

「マロニル補酵素A」

　　[★]

英: malonyl-coenzyme A、malonyl-CoA
関: マロニルCoA、マロニル-CoA、マロニルコエンザイムA

「malonyl-coenzyme A」

　　[★]

マロニル補酵素A、マロニルCoA、マロニルコエンザイムA

関: malonyl-CoA

「methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase」

　　[★]

メチルマロニルCoA脱炭酸酵素、メチルマロニルCoAデカルボキシラーゼ

関: propionyl-CoA carboxylase

「malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase」

　　[★]

マロニルCoA:ACPトランスアシラーゼ

「methylmalonyl-CoA racemase」

　　[★] メチルマロニルCoAラセマーゼ

「C」

　　[★]

炭素 carbon
シトシン cytosine
システイン cysteine
シチジン
セルシウス度摂氏 degrees Celsius degree C
産婦人科領域で「子宮外頚子宮外頚部 exocervix」を表現するための略語

「CoA」

　　[★]

「COA」

　　[★] 補酵素A coenzyme A CoA

「Co」

　　[★] コバルト cobalt 　

[1] Nelson D, Cox M (2008) Lehninger principles of biochemistry. 5th Ed: p. 806

匿名

検索

案内

案内

malonyl-CoA