WordNet

pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
lack of success; "he felt that his entire life had been a failure"; "that year there was a crop failure"
loss of ability to function normally; "kidney failure"
an act that fails; "his failure to pass the test"
an unexpected omission; "he resented my failure to return his call"; "the mechanics failure to check the brakes"
a person with a record of failing; someone who loses consistently (同)loser, nonstarter, unsuccessful person
an event that does not accomplish its intended purpose; "the surprise party was a complete failure"
a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
liver of an animal used as meat
someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
〈U〉(…における)『失敗』,不成功《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉失敗者,落後者;失敗した企て,不できなもの / 〈U〉〈C〉怠慢,不履行 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)不足,欠乏《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…の)破産《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…の)『衰弱』,減退《+『in』(『of』+『名』》
(ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/10 18:50:07」(JST)

wiki en

Liver failure is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology. Two forms are recognised, acute and chronic.^[1]

Acute

Acute liver failure is defined as "the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction, specifically coagulopathy and mental status changes (encephalopathy) in a patient without known prior liver disease".^[2]^:1557

The diagnosis of acute liver failure is based on physical exam, laboratory findings, patient history, and past medical history to establish mental status changes, coagulopathy, rapidity of onset, and absence of known prior liver disease respectively.^[2]^:1557

The exact definition of "rapid" is somewhat questionable, and different sub-divisions exist which are based on the time from onset of first hepatic symptoms to onset of encephalopathy. One scheme defines "acute hepatic failure" as the development of encephalopathy within 26 weeks of the onset of any hepatic symptoms. This is sub-divided into "fulminant hepatic failure", which requires onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks, and "subfulminant", which describes onset of encephalopathy after 8 weeks but before 26 weeks.^[3] Another scheme defines "hyperacute" as onset within 7 days, "acute" as onset between 7 and 28 days, and "subacute" as onset between 28 days and 24 weeks.^[2]^:1557

Chronic

Chronic liver failure usually occurs in the context of cirrhosis, itself potentially the result of many possible causes, such as excessive alcohol intake, hepatitis B or C, autoimmune, hereditary and metabolic causes (such as iron or copper overload, Steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease).

References

^ O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R (1993). "Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes". Lancet 342 (8866): 273–5. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91818-7. PMID 8101303.
^ ^a ^b ^c Sleisenger, edited by Mark Feldman, Lawrence S. Friedman, Lawrence J. Brandt; consulting editor, Marvin H. (2009). Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management (9th ed. ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: MD Consult. ISBN 978-1-4160-6189-2.
^ Sood, Gagan K. "Acute Liver Failure". Mescape. Retrieved 14 December 2011.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における急性肝不全：マネージメントおよび予後 acute liver failure in adults management and prognosis
2. 成人における急性肝不全：病因、臨床症状、および診断 acute liver failure in adults etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
3. 小児における急性肝不全：マネージメント acute liver failure in children management
4. 小児における急性肝不全：病因および評価 acute liver failure in children etiology and evaluation
5. Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)

English Journal

PMID 28321803

Evaluation of an ADVanced Organ Support (ADVOS) system in a two-hit porcine model of liver failure plus endotoxemia.

Al-Chalabi A1, Matevossian E2, von Thaden A3, Schreiber C4,5, Radermacher P6, Huber W7, Perez Ruiz de Garibay A5, Kreymann B8,9.
Intensive care medicine experimental.Intensive Care Med Exp.2017 Dec;5(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s40635-017-0144-3. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
PMID 28677045

Effects of immunization and checkpoint inhibition on amodiaquine-induced liver injury.

Mak A1, Johnston A1, Uetrecht J1.
Journal of immunotoxicology.J Immunotoxicol.2017 Dec;14(1):89-94. doi: 10.1080/1547691X.2017.1290716.
PMID 28279082

Japanese Journal

Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Acute Liver Failure : Comparing Guidelines on the Prediction of Liver Transplantation

Acta Medica Okayama 71(5), 381-390, 2017-10
NAID 120006352357

Exercise training enhances in vivo clearance of endotoxin and attenuates inflammatory responses by potentiating Kupffer cell phagocytosis

Scientific reports 7, 12358, 2017-09
NAID 120006353920

臨床報告胃全摘後急速に進行し肝不全をきたしたNAFLDの1例

臨床外科 = Journal of clinical surgery 72(8), 992-995, 2017-08
NAID 40021290327

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「肝不全」
拡張検索	「fulminant liver failure」「chronic liver failure」「acute liver failure」
関連記事	「failure」「live」「liver」

「肝不全」

Liver failure
	A person with massive ascites and caput medusae due to cirrhotic liver failure
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	K72.9
ICD-9	573.8
DiseasesDB	5728
eMedicine	med/990
Patient UK	Liver failure
MeSH	D017093