関: Id-2

WordNet

limit, block, or decrease the action or function of; "inhibit the action of the enzyme"; "inhibit the rate of a chemical reaction"
control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior (同)bottle up, suppress
limit the range or extent of; "Contact between the young was inhibited by strict social customs"
any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
the mathematical process of obtaining the derivative of a function
a discrimination between things as different and distinct; "it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation" (同)distinction
a substance that retards or stops an activity

PrepTutorEJDIC

《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
〈感情・欲望・行動・作用など〉‘を'抑制する / (…しないように)〈人〉‘を'抑制する,妨げる《+『名』+『from』+『名』(do『ing』)》
蛋白(たんばく)質
抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤

UpToDate Contents

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1. 分化（レチノイン酸）症候群 differentiation retinoic acid syndrome
2. 慢性骨髄性白血病の細胞生物学および分子生物学 cellular and molecular biology of chronic myeloid leukemia
3. 原発不明の低分化癌 poorly differentiated cancer from an unknown primary site
4. 後天性C1インヒビター欠損症：臨床症状、疫学、病因、および診断 acquired c1 inhibitor deficiency clinical manifestations epidemiology pathogenesis and diagnosis
5. アントラサイクリン系以外の癌化学療法剤の心毒性 cardiotoxicity of nonanthracycline cancer chemotherapy agents

English Journal

Langerhans cells are generated by two distinct PU.1-dependent transcriptional networks.

Chopin M1, Seillet C, Chevrier S, Wu L, Wang H, Morse HC 3rd, Belz GT, Nutt SL.Author information 1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.AbstractLangerhans cells (LCs) are the unique dendritic cells found in the epidermis. While a great deal of attention has focused on defining the developmental origins of LCs, reports addressing the transcriptional network ruling their differentiation remain sparse. We addressed the function of a group of key DC transcription factors-PU.1, ID2, IRF4, and IRF8-in the establishment of the LC network. We show that although steady-state LC homeostasis depends on PU.1 and ID2, the latter is dispensable for bone marrow-derived LCs. PU.1 controls LC differentiation by regulating the expression of the critical TGF-β responsive transcription factor RUNX3. PU.1 directly binds to the Runx3 regulatory elements in a TGF-β-dependent manner, whereas ectopic expression of RUNX3 rescued LC differentiation in the absence of PU.1 and promoted LC differentiation from PU.1-sufficient progenitors. These findings highlight the dual molecular network underlying LC differentiation, and show the central role of PU.1 in these processes.
The Journal of experimental medicine.J Exp Med.2013 Dec 16;210(13):2967-80. doi: 10.1084/jem.20130930. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the unique dendritic cells found in the epidermis. While a great deal of attention has focused on defining the developmental origins of LCs, reports addressing the transcriptional network ruling their differentiation remain sparse. We addressed the function of a group of k
PMID 24249112

Essential functions for ID proteins at multiple checkpoints in invariant NKT cell development.

Verykokakis M1, Krishnamoorthy V, Iavarone A, Lasorella A, Sigvardsson M, Kee BL.Author information 1Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells display characteristics of both adaptive and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Like other ILCs, iNKT cells constitutively express ID proteins, which antagonize the E protein transcription factors that are essential for adaptive lymphocyte development. However, unlike ILCs, ID2 is not essential for thymic iNKT cell development. In this study, we demonstrated that ID2 and ID3 redundantly promoted iNKT cell lineage specification involving the induction of the signature transcription factor PLZF and that ID3 was critical for development of TBET-dependent NKT1 cells. In contrast, both ID2 and ID3 limited iNKT cell numbers by enforcing the postselection checkpoint in conventional thymocytes. Therefore, iNKT cells show both adaptive and innate-like requirements for ID proteins at distinct checkpoints during iNKT cell development.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2013 Dec 15;191(12):5973-83. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301521. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells display characteristics of both adaptive and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Like other ILCs, iNKT cells constitutively express ID proteins, which antagonize the E protein transcription factors that are essential for adaptive lymphocyte development. However, unlike ILCs, ID2
PMID 24244015

Batf3 and Id2 have a synergistic effect on Irf8-directed classical CD8α+ dendritic cell development.

Jaiswal H1, Kaushik M, Sougrat R, Gupta M, Dey A, Verma R, Ozato K, Tailor P.Author information 1Laboratory of Innate Immunity, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India;AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous cell populations represented by different subtypes, each varying in terms of gene expression patterns and specific functions. Recent studies identified transcription factors essential for the development of different DC subtypes, yet molecular mechanisms for the developmental program and functions remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed and characterized a mouse DC progenitor-like cell line, designated DC9, from Irf8(-/-) bone marrow cells as a model for DC development and function. Expression of Irf8 in DC9 cells led to plasmacytoid DCs and CD8α(+) DC-like cells, with a concomitant increase in plasmacytoid DC- and CD8α(+) DC-specific gene transcripts and induction of type I IFNs and IL12p40 following TLR ligand stimulation. Irf8 expression in DC9 cells led to an increase in Id2 and Batf3 transcript levels, transcription factors shown to be important for the development of CD8α(+) DCs. We show that, without Irf8, expression of Id2 and Batf3 was not sufficient for directing classical CD8α(+) DC development. When coexpressed with Irf8, Batf3 and Id2 had a synergistic effect on classical CD8α(+) DC development. We demonstrate that Irf8 is upstream of Batf3 and Id2 in the classical CD8α(+) DC developmental program and define the hierarchical relationship of transcription factors important for classical CD8α(+) DC development.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2013 Dec 15;191(12):5993-6001. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203541. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous cell populations represented by different subtypes, each varying in terms of gene expression patterns and specific functions. Recent studies identified transcription factors essential for the development of different DC subtypes, yet molecular mechanisms for t
PMID 24227775