WordNet

hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells

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1. 糖尿病におけるインスリン療法の一般原則 general principles of insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus
2. 2型糖尿病におけるインスリン療法 insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus
3. インスリン分泌および膵β細胞の機能 insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell function
4. 糖尿病における吸入インスリン療法 inhaled insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus
5. インスリン受容体の構造および機能 structure and function of the insulin receptor

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery increases number but not density of CCK-, GLP-1-, 5-HT-, and neurotensin-expressing enteroendocrine cells in rats.

Mumphrey MB, Patterson LM, Zheng H, Berthoud HR.SourceNeurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2012 Oct 24. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12034. [Epub ahead of print]
Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is very effective in reducing excess body weight and improving glucose homeostasis in obese subjects. Changes in the pattern of gut hormone secretion are thought to play a major role, but the mechanisms leading to both changed hormone secretion a
PMID 23095091

Expression of the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 in the islet cells of patients with type 1 diabetes is associated with induction of protein kinase R and downregulation of Mcl-1.

Richardson SJ, Leete P, Bone AJ, Foulis AK, Morgan NG.SourceEndocrine Pharmacology, University of Exeter Medical School, John Bull Building, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK, sarah.richardson@pms.ac.uk.
Diabetologia.Diabetologia.2012 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Immunohistochemical staining reveals that the enteroviral capsid protein VP1 is present at higher frequency in the insulin-containing islets of patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes than in controls. This is consistent with epidemiological evidence suggesting that enteroviral i
PMID 23064357

Importance of measurement of fasting immunoreactive insulin and interpretation of its results

Late Postprandial Hypoglycemia due to Bioactive Insulin Dissociation from Autoantibody Leading to Unconsciousness in a Patient with Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome

Nasu Tetsushi,Suzuki Ryoko,Okamoto Yoshihisa,Miyata Kaori,Uno Akiko,Nakao Ryutaro,Kawashima Akira,Nakao Taisei,Kondo Michi
Internal Medicine 50(4), 339-343, 2011
… We report here the case of an 83-year-old man who was treated for unconsciousness and hypoglycemia (39 mg/dL) accompanied by marked elevation of serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) (4,760 μIU/mL). … We diagnosed his condition as insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS, Hirata disease) because of a high insulin autoantibody (IAA) titer (>90%: bound/total) and no history of exogenous insulin administration. …
NAID 130000413120

プレプロインスリンの生合成＠粗面小胞体　→　プレプロインスリン　－(切断＠小胞体)→　プロインスリンはゴルジ体に輸送　－(切断＠ゴルジ体小胞体)→　インスリン

1. グルコース→解糖系→ATP↑→KATP閉鎖→脱分極→VDCC解放→[Ca2+]i↑→インスリン開口分泌*2a. ペプチドホルモン→Gsα活性化→AC↑→cAMP↑→PKA↑→インスリン開口分泌
2b. ノルアドレナリン→Giα活性化→AC↓→cAMP↓→PKA↓→インスリン分泌抑制
3. アセチルコリン→PLC活性化→

　　　→IP3↑→[Ca2+]i↑→インスリン開口分泌
　　　→DAG↑→PKC活性化→インスリン開口分泌