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1. 早産児のための搾乳 breast milk expression for the preterm infant

English Journal

Immunoactive two-dimensional self-assembly of monoclonal antibodies in aqueous solution revealed by atomic force microscopy.

Ido S1, Kimiya H2, Kobayashi K3, Kominami H1, Matsushige K1, Yamada H1.Author information 1Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.2Device Solutions Center, Panasonic Corporation, Yagumo-naka-machi 3-1-1, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8501, Japan.31] Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan [2] The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan.AbstractThe conformational flexibility of antibodies in solution directly affects their immune function. Namely, the flexible hinge regions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are essential in epitope-specific antigen recognition and biological effector function. The antibody structure, which is strongly related to its functions, has been partially revealed by electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, but only under non-physiological conditions. Here we observed monoclonal IgG antibodies in aqueous solution by high-resolution frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM). We found that monoclonal antibodies self-assemble into hexamers, which form two-dimensional crystals in aqueous solution. Furthermore, by directly observing antibody-antigen interactions using FM-AFM, we revealed that IgG molecules in the crystal retain immunoactivity. As the self-assembled monolayer crystal of antibodies retains immunoactivity at a neutral pH and is functionally stable at a wide range of pH and temperature, the antibody crystal is applicable to new biotechnological platforms for biosensors or bioassays.
Nature materials.Nat Mater.2014 Mar;13(3):264-70. doi: 10.1038/nmat3847. Epub 2014 Jan 19.
The conformational flexibility of antibodies in solution directly affects their immune function. Namely, the flexible hinge regions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are essential in epitope-specific antigen recognition and biological effector function. The antibody structure, which is strongly r
PMID 24441879

Resveratrol attenuates the release of inflammatory cytokines from human bronchial smooth muscle cells exposed to lipoteichoic acid in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Knobloch J1, Wahl C, Feldmann M, Jungck D, Strauch J, Stoelben E, Koch A.Author information 1Department of Internal Medicine III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany.AbstractDuring bacterial infections, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induce cytokine/chemokine release in immunoactive cells. This increases corticosteroid-resistant airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and leads to exacerbations. Anti-inflammatory therapies other than corticosteroids are required and resveratrol is currently under discussion. Resveratrol is an activator of sirtuins, which are class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). We suggested that human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) release COPD-associated cytokines/chemokines in response to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major PAMP of gram-positive bacteria and that resveratrol is superior to the corticosteroid dexamethasone in suppressing these cytokines/chemokines. Cultivated HASMCs of patients with COPD were pre-incubated with resveratrol or dexamethasone before stimulation with LTA. CCL2, GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 were analysed in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Drug effects were investigated in the absence and presence of trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of class I/II HDACs, and EX527, an inhibitor of the sirtuin SIRT1. LTA induced robust cytokine/chemokine release. Resveratrol was superior to dexamethasone in reducing CCL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in LTA-exposed HASMCs of patients with COPD. Both drugs were equally effective in reducing GM-CSF. Resveratrol effects were partially reversed by EX527 but not by TSA. Dexamethasone effects were partially reversed by TSA but not by EX527. We conclude that HASMCs contribute to the increase in airway inflammation in COPD exacerbations caused by gram-positive bacterial infections. Our data suggest resveratrol as an alternative anti-inflammatory therapy in infection-induced COPD exacerbations. Resveratrol and corticosteroids suppress cytokine/chemokine expression through activation of SIRT1 or interaction with class I/II HDACs, respectively, in HASMCs.
Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology.Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.2014 Feb;114(2):202-9. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12129. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
During bacterial infections, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induce cytokine/chemokine release in immunoactive cells. This increases corticosteroid-resistant airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and leads to exacerbations. Anti-inflammatory therapies oth
PMID 23981542

Prebiotic consumption in pregnant and lactating women increases IL-27 expression in human milk.

Kubota T1, Shimojo N1, Nonaka K2, Yamashita M2, Ohara O2, Igoshi Y1, Ozawa N1, Nakano T1, Morita Y1, Inoue Y1, Arima T1, Chiba K1, Nakamura Y3, Ikegami S3, Masuda K4, Suzuki S5, Kohno Y1.Author information 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.2Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Department of Human Genome Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.3Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co Limited, Kanagawa 250-0862, Japan.4Masuda Maternity Clinic, Chiba 289-2144, Japan.5Department of Pediatrics, National Shimoshizu Hospital, Chiba 284-0003, Japan.AbstractThe consumption of probiotics by pregnant and lactating women may prevent the onset of allergic disorders in their children by increasing the concentrations of immunoactive agents such as cytokines in breast milk. Prebiotics such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) increase the number of beneficial organisms such as bifidobacteria. Thus, prebiotics may have an effect similar to that of probiotics. The objective of the present study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression in human milk cells to identify changes in the concentrations of cytokines in breast milk after the consumption of FOS (4 g × 2 times/d) by pregnant and lactating women. The microarray analysis of human milk cells demonstrated that the expression levels of five genes in colostrum samples and fourteen genes in 1-month breast milk samples differed more than 3-fold between the FOS and control groups (sucrose group). The mRNA expression level of IL-27, a cytokine associated with immunoregulatory function, was significantly higher in 1-month breast milk samples obtained from the FOS group than in those obtained from the control group. In addition, the protein concentrations of IL-27 in colostrum and 1-month breast milk samples were significantly higher in the FOS group than in the control group. In conclusion, the consumption of FOS by pregnant and lactating women increases the production of IL-27 in breast milk. Future studies will address the association of this phenomenon with the onset of allergic disorders in children.
The British journal of nutrition.Br J Nutr.2014 Feb;111(4):625-32. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513003036. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
The consumption of probiotics by pregnant and lactating women may prevent the onset of allergic disorders in their children by increasing the concentrations of immunoactive agents such as cytokines in breast milk. Prebiotics such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) increase the number of beneficial org
PMID 24073873