WordNet

of or relating to the stomach and intestines; "a gastrointestinal disorder" (同)GI
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion

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胃腸の,胃腸に影響する
ホルモン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/06 00:43:04」(JST)

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The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin, cholecystokinin or substance P, were found to play a role of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Enteroendocrine cells do not form endocrine glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract. They exert their autocrine and paracrine actions that integrate all of gastrointestinal function.

Types of Gastrointestinal hormones[edit]

The gastrointestinal hormones can be divided into three main groups based upon their chemical structure.

Gastrin-cholecystokinin family: gastrin and cholecystokinin
Secretin family: secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide
Somatostatin family
Motilin family
Substance P.

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released from the stomach and is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" since high levels of it are found in individuals that are fasting. Ghrelin antagonistic treatments can be used to treat illnesses such as anorexia and loss of appetites in cancer patients. Ghrelin treatments for obesity are still under intense scrutiny and no conclusive evidence has been reached. This hormone stimulates growth hormone release.

Cholecystokinin is responsible for gall bladder secretions, gastrointestinal motility as well as pancreatic exocrine secretions.

Peptide YY is involved mostly in satiation modulation.

Pancreatic polypeptide function is most apparent in control of gastrointestinal motility and satiation

Amylin controls glucose homeostasis and gastric motility

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide possesses an acute influence on food intake through its effects on adipocytes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 has an effect on incretin activity as well as satiation

Glucagon-like peptide-2 is responsible for gastrointestinal motility and growth

Oxyntomodulin plays a role in controlling acid secretion and satiation

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Overview of Gastrointestinal Hormones - Colorado State University website

UpToDate Contents

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1. 健常者および疾患を有する患者における消化管ホルモンの概要 overview of gastrointestinal peptides in health and disease
2. 胃腸ペプチドの合成、分泌、および調節 synthesis secretion and regulation of gastrointestinal peptides
3. ガストリンの生理学 physiology of gastrin
4. 血管作動性腸管ポリペプチド vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
5. ソマトスタチンの生理学とその類縁体 physiology of somatostatin and its analogues

English Journal

Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, a pro-oxidant enzyme of low density lipoproteins.

Herrera-Marcos LV1, Lou-Bonafonte JM2, Martinez-Gracia MV3, Arnal C2, Navarro MA4, Osada J5.
Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition).Front Biosci (Landmark Ed).2018 Jan 1;23:1020-1037.
PMID 28930587

Gastrointestinal distribution of chicken gastrin-cholecystokinin family transcript expression and response to short-term nutritive state.

Reid AMA1, Dunn IC2.
General and comparative endocrinology.Gen Comp Endocrinol.2018 Jan 1;255:64-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.009. Epub 2017 Oct 20.
PMID 29061367

Acylated and unacylated ghrelin confer neuroprotection to mesencephalic neurons.

Wagner J1, Vulinović F2, Grünewald A3, Unger MM4, Möller JC5, Klein C2, Michel PP6, Ries V1, Oertel WH1, Alvarez-Fischer D7.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2017 Dec 4;365:137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.045. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
PMID 28987508

Japanese Journal

Teneligliptin improves glycemic control with the reduction of postprandial insulin requirement in Japanese diabetic patients

Tsuchimochi Wakaba,Ueno Hiroaki,Yamashita Eiichiro,Tsubouchi Chikako,Sakoda Hideyuki,Nakamura Shuji,Nakazato Masamitsu
Endocrine Journal, 2014
… The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of teneligliptin on 24 h blood glucose control and gastrointestinal hormone responses to a meal tolerance test, and to investigate the glucose-lowering mechanisms of teneligliptin. …
NAID 130004690934

History of Stress-related Health Changes: A Cue to Pursue a Diagnosis of Latent Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

Yamamoto Toshihide
Internal Medicine 53(3), 183-188, 2014
… Methods The patients were selected for a history of recurrent symptoms, i.e., gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, or lassitude, aggravated by stress and alleviated by the removal of stress, and signs, i.e., weight loss, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation. …
NAID 130003392636

日本人のイソフラボン代謝および体内動態における個人差

細田香織,柴崎浩美,横川彰朋 [他],古田隆,石井和夫
日本食品化学学会誌 20(3), 153-160, 2013-12-24
… Much attention has been paid to the metabolism of isoflavones daidzein and genistein with regard to the prevention of several hormone-dependent diseases. … Because the isoflavone profiles in plasma differed greatly, it may be possible to make a difference of in the prevention of several diseases according to individual differences in the enzymatic activity that participates in the metabolism of isoflavones and the gastrointestinal permeability of isoflavones and their metabolites. …
NAID 110009686098

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「消化管ホルモン」
拡張検索	「gastrointestinal hormone receptor」
関連記事	「gastrointestinal」

「消化管ホルモン」

　　[★]

英: gastrointestinal hormone
同: 胃腸ホルモン gut hormone

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種類

名称	分泌粘膜部位				主な作用	分泌刺激	分泌細胞
	胃		十二指腸	小腸
		幽門部		上部
ガストリン		○			塩酸・ペプシン分泌↑ 膵酵素分泌↑	タンパク質、アルコール、カフェイン	G細胞
コレシストキニン			○		膵液分泌(酵素多)↑	小腸内タンパク質分解産物、酸、脂肪酸、アルコール	I細胞
セクレチン			○	○	膵液分泌(HCO3-多)↑ 胃酸分泌↓	小腸内ペプチド、酸、アルコール	S細胞
胃酸分泌抑制ポリペプチド胃抑制ペプチド GIP			○		インスリン分泌↓	小腸内の糖質、酸、機械的刺激	K細胞
					胃運動・分泌↓
ソマトスタチン	○		○	○	消化管運動↓	ガストリン、セクレチン、コレシストキニン	D細胞
					ガストリン、セクレチン、胃酸分泌↓
モチリン				○	胃腸運動↑	十二指腸内アルカリ性内容物	MO細胞

胃腸内分泌細胞と消化管ホルモン (HIS.332)

細胞		産生ホルモン	ホルモンの作用	局在			分泌果粒の大きさ(nm)
細胞		産生ホルモン	ホルモンの作用	胃	小腸	大腸	分泌果粒の大きさ(nm)
A細胞		グルカゴンエンテログルカゴン	肝細胞でのグリコーゲン分解を促進し、血糖値を上昇	○	○		250
D細胞		ソマトスタチン	近くの内分泌細胞のホルモン分泌を抑制	○	○	○	350
EC細胞	腸クロム親和性細胞	セロトニン、サブスタンスP	蠕動運動を促進	○	○	○	300
ECL細胞	腸クロム親和性細胞様細胞	ヒスタミン	塩酸分泌を促進.	○			450
G細胞	ガストリン産生細胞	ガストリン	塩酸分泌、胃の運動(特に幽門部の収縮と幽門括約筋の弛緩による胃内容の排出を調整)、および胃体部の幹細胞の増殖	○	○		300
GL細胞	グリセンチン産生細胞	グリセンチン	肝細胞でのグリコーゲン分解を促進し、血糖値を上昇	○	○	○	400
I細胞		コレシストキニン	膵臓の消化酵素分泌と胆嚢の収縮を促進		○		250
K細胞		胃抑制ペプチド GIP	塩酸分泌を抑制		○		350
MO細胞	モチリン産生細胞	モチリン	腸の蠕動を促進		○
N細胞	ニューロテンシン産生細胞	ニユーロテンシン	回腸ヘの血流を増加させ、小腸と大腸の蠕動運動を抑制		○		300
PP細胞	膵ポリペプチド産生細胞	膵ポリペプチド	不明	○		○	180
S細胞		セクレチン	膵臓からの重炭酸含有液の分泌を促進		○		200
VIP細胞	血管作動性腸ペプチド産生細胞	血管作動性腸ペプチド	小腸と大腸の蠕動運動を促進し、消化管による水とイオンの排出を促進	○	○	○