flare

関

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. burn brightly; "Every star seemed to flare with new intensity" (同)flame up, blaze up, burn up
2. a shape that spreads outward; "the skirt had a wide flare" (同)flair
3. a sudden burst of flame
4. a sudden recurrence or worsening of symptoms; "a colitis flare"; "infection can cause a lupus flare"
5. am unwanted reflection in an optical system (or the fogging of an image that is caused by such a reflection)
6. reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
7. (baseball) a fly ball hit a short distance into the outfield
8. a device that produces a bright light for warning or illumination or identification
9. a burst of light used to communicate or illuminate (同)flash
10. a sudden outburst of emotion; "she felt a flare of delight"; "she could not control her flare of rage"
11. shine with a sudden light; "The night sky flared with the massive bombardment" (同)flame
12. run with the ball, in football
13. grasslike plants growing in wet places and having cylindrical often hollow stems
14. (American football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush" (同)rushing
15. a sudden forceful flow (同)spate, surge, upsurge
16. a sudden burst of activity; "come back after the rush"
17. act or move at high speed; "We have to rush!"; "hurry--its late!" (同)hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate
18. move fast; "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests"; "The cars raced down the street" (同)hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along, rush along, cannonball along, bucket along, belt along, step on it
19. urge to an unnatural speed; "Dont rush me, please!" (同)hurry
20. done under pressure; "a rush job" (同)rushed
21. attack suddenly
22. marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
23. a red dwarf star in which luminosity can change several magnitudes in a few minutes
24. an airstrip outline with lights to guide an airplane pilot in landing

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (風などで)〈炎が〉ゆらゆら燃える / 〈怒りなどが〉急に燃え上がえる / (らっぱの口のように)外に向かって開く;〈スカートが〉フレアになっている / 〈U〉ぱっと燃え上がる炎(光) / 〈C〉照明装置;照明弾 / 〈C〉《単数形で》(感情などの)ほとばしり.爆発《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(らっぱの口のような)(…の)末広がり《+『of』+『名』》
2. トウシンソウ(灯心草);灯心草の茎(マット・かごなどを作る)
3. 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》『突進する』,速く(急いで)動く / (ある事を)『性急に』(『軽率に』)『する』《+『to』(『at』)+『名』,+『into』+『名』(doing)》 / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'『速く』(『急いで』)『送る』(『運ぶ』,『動かす』) / 〈事〉‘を'『性急に』(『軽率に』)『する』 / 〈人〉‘を'せき立てる,駆り立てる / …‘を'急襲する,突破する / 〈C〉(…の)『突進』,(…が)速く(急いで)動くこと,どっと押し寄せること《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉『忙しさ』,目まぐるしさ / 〈C〉注文(需要)が殺到すること / 〈C〉《複数形で》(映画のフィルムの編成で)ラッシュ(カットされていない最初のフィルム) / 急を要する
4. 赤いこと,赤さ
5. (ズボンやスカートが)すその広がった,フレアの
6. らっぱズボン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/01 21:42:30」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

『Flare』
島谷ひとみ の スタジオ・アルバム
リリース	2008年7月16日
ジャンル	J-POP
レーベル	avex trax
チャート最高順位
週間21位（オリコン） 登場回数5回（オリコン）
島谷ひとみ 年表
男歌〜cover song collection〜 （2007年） Flare （2008年） BEST & COVERS （2009年）
『Flare』収録のシングル
「Neva Eva」 リリース: 2007年6月6日 「深紅／愛の詩」 リリース: 2007年9月5日 「泣きたいなら」 リリース: 2008年3月19日 「WAKE YOU UP／雨の日には 雨の中を 風の日には 風の中を／Marvelous」 リリース: 2008年6月25日

『Flare』（フレア）は、島谷ひとみの7枚目のオリジナルアルバム。2008年7月16日発売。avex traxよりリリース。

解説

• オリジナルアルバムとしては前作の『PRIMA ROSA』以来、1年4か月ぶりのリリースとなった。
• 『CDのみ』と『CD＋DVD』の2形態での発売。それぞれジャケットが異なるほか、既発シングル7曲のうち、「愛の詩」の収録の有無が異なっている。CDのみ版には、弦楽器を加えてリアレンジされた「愛の詩<Strings Version>」がボーナストラックとして収録されている。

収録曲

1. Heavenly
   • 作詞：FLAT5th Rico、作曲：FLAT5th 岡本弥紀、編曲：上杉洋史
2. Start
   • 作詞：leonn、作曲：COLDFEET、編曲：華原大輔
3. 雨の日には 雨の中を 風の日には 風の中を
   • 詩：相田みつを、作曲：AKIHITO、監修：相田みつを美術館
4. Dita
   • 作詞：MIZUE、作曲・編曲：川端良征
5. 深紅
   • 作詞：長瀬弘樹、作曲：柳沢英樹、編曲：中野雄太
6. 泣きたいなら
   • 作詞：松井五郎、作曲：根本要、編曲：中野雄太
7. Dear...
   • 作詞：島谷ひとみ、作曲：FLAT5th 岡本弥紀、編曲：上杉洋史
8. 太陽のFlare
   • 作詞：田中靖康、作曲：加藤裕介、編曲：家原正樹
9. WAKE YOU UP
   • 作詞：古谷真、作曲・編曲：笹本安詞
10. Shake it up!
    • 作詞：FLAT5th Rico、作曲：FLAT5th 岡本弥紀、編曲：上杉洋史
11. Neva Eva
    • 作詞：松本理恵、作曲：迫茂樹、編曲：茶谷将彦・迫茂樹
12. Marvelous
    • 作詞：六ツ見純代、作曲・編曲：コモリタミノル
13. 愛の詩<Strings version>
    • 作詞・作曲・編曲：BULGE、Strings Arrangement：中野雄太
    • CD初回盤のみ収録ボーナストラック

DVD

Music Clip

1. Neva Eva
2. 深紅
3. 泣きたいなら
4. 雨の日には 雨の中を 風の日には 風の中を
5. WAKE YOU UP<1コーラス>
6. Marvelous<1コーラス>

特典映像

パピヨン（由比ガ浜ライヴ '07）&「雨の日には 雨の中を 風の日には 風の中を」オフショット映像

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Flare (disambiguation).

"Signal flare" redirects here. For the Transformers character, see Signal Flare (Transformers).

Illumination flares being used during military training exercises

A flare, also sometimes called a fusee, is a type of pyrotechnic that produces a brilliant light or intense heat without an explosion. Flares are used for signalling, illumination, or defensive countermeasures in civilian and military applications. Flares may be ground pyrotechnics, projectile pyrotechnics, or parachute-suspended to provide maximum illumination time over a large area. Projectile pyrotechnics may be dropped from aircraft, fired from rocket or artillery, or deployed by flare guns or handheld percussive tubes.

History

The earliest recorded use of gunpowder for signalling purposes was the 'signal bomb' used by the Song Dynasty Chinese as the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty besieged Yangzhou in 1276. These soft-shelled bombs, timed to explode in mid-air, were used to send messages to a detachment of troops far in the distance. Another mention of the signal bomb appears in a text dating from 1293 requesting their collection from those still stored in Zhejiang. A signal gun appears in Korea by 1600. The Wu I Thu Phu Thung Chih or Illustrated Military Encyclopedia written in 1791 depicts a signal gun in an illustration.

Chemistry

Three road flares burning

Flares produce their light through the combustion of a pyrotechnic composition. The ingredients are varied, but often based on strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate, or potassium perchlorate and mixed with a fuel such as charcoal, sulfur, sawdust, aluminium, magnesium, or a suitable polymeric resin. Flares may be colored by the inclusion of pyrotechnic colorants. Calcium flares are used underwater to illuminate submerged objects.

Non-perchlorate flares

Many in-service colored signal flares and spectrally balanced decoy flares contain perchlorate oxidizers. Perchlorate, a type of salt in its solid form, dissolves and moves rapidly in groundwater and surface water. Even in low concentrations in drinking water supplies, perchlorate is known to inhibit the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland. While there are currently no US federal drinking water standards for perchlorate, some states have established public health goals, or action levels, and some are in the process of establishing state maximum contaminant levels. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency have studied the impacts of perchlorate on the environment as well as drinking water. California has also issued guidance regarding perchlorate use.

US courts have taken action regarding the use of perchlorate in manufacturing pyrotechnic devices such as flares. For example, in 2003, a federal district court in California found that Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) applied because perchlorate is ignitable and therefore a “characteristic” hazardous waste. (see Castaic Lake Water Agency v. Whittaker, 272 F. Supp. 2d 1053, 1059–61 (C.D. Cal. 2003)).

Civilian use

Red flare maritime distress signal

—COLREGS Annex IV (i)

In the civilian world, flares are commonly used as signals, and may be ignited on the ground or fired as an aerial signal from a pistol-like flare gun, or launched from a self-contained tube. Flares are commonly found in marine survival kits.

Maritime distress signal

Red flares, either sent as a rocket or held in the hand, are widely recognized as a maritime distress signal. RMS Titanic however used Socket launched distress shells to attract assistance, emitting white stars to a great height and a "deafening" sound.

Fusee

An Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad brakeman uses a fusee to demonstrate a hand signal indicating "stop".

Another type of flare is the fusee, which burns for 10–60 minutes with a bright red light. Fusees are commonly used to indicate obstacles or advise caution on roadways at night; in this usage they are also called highway flares, road flares, or ground flares. They are commonly found in roadside emergency kits.

Fusees are also known as railroad flares and are commonly used to perform hand signals in rail transport applications. Since they can be used only once, fusees nowadays are usually intended for emergency use (as opposed to the incandescent lanterns typically used during normal operating conditions). However, in the days before train radio communications, fusees were used to keep trains apart on un-signalled lines. A railroad fusee was timed to burn for ten minutes and quantities were dropped behind a train to ensure a safe spacing. If a following train encountered a burning fusee it was not to pass until the fusee burned out. Fusees made specifically for railroad use can be distinguished from highway fusees by a sharp steel spike at one end, used to embed the fusee upright in a wooden railroad tie.

In forestry and firefighting, fusees are sometimes used in wildland fire suppression and in the ignition of controlled burns. They ignite at 191 °C (376 °F) and burn as hot as 1,600 °C (2,900 °F). They are especially effective in igniting burnouts or backburns in very dry conditions, but not so effective when fuel conditions are moist. Since controlled burns are often done during relatively high humidity levels (on the grounds that they could not be safely contained during periods of very low humidity), the driptorch is more effective and more often used. Fusees are also commonly carried by wildland firefighters for emergency use, to ignite an escape fire in surrounding fuels in case of being overrun by a fire if no other escape routes are available.

Calcium phosphide is often used in naval flares, as in contact with water it liberates phosphine which self-ignites in contact with air; it is often used together with calcium carbide which releases acetylene.

Military use

Illumination

Main article: Battlefield illumination

In 1922, a "landing flare" was an aerial candle attached to a parachute and used for landing an airplane in the dark. The flare burned for less than 4 minutes and the candle power was about 40,000.

Countermeasure

Main article: Flare (countermeasure)

A special variety of flare is used in military aircraft as a defensive countermeasure against heat-seeking missiles. These flares are usually discharged individually or in salvoes by the pilot or automatically by tail-warning devices, and are accompanied by vigorous evasive maneuvering. Since they are intended to deceive infrared missiles, these flares burn at temperatures of thousands of degrees, incandescing in the visible spectrum as well. Soids are floating flares that are effective only in the terminal phase of missiles with infrared signature seeker heads.

Criticism

Pyrotechnic flares are classified as class 1.4 explosives, and as such have been utilized in training exercises by explosive disposal units within police forces."

Several U.S. states, including California and Massachusetts, have begun regulating levels of potassium perchlorate, which can be unsafe at certain levels in drinking water. Contaminated drinking water can lead to such symptoms as gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, fever, skin rashes, and even fatal aplastic anemia.

See also

• Blue light (pyrotechnic signal)
• Flare gun
• Shell (projectile)#Illumination

References

Further reading

• Wallbank, Alister (2001). "Can anybody see me? (modified reprint from DIVER 2000; 45 (2) February: 72–74)". Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society 31 (2): 116–119. Retrieved 2008-10-13. 

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 成人における全身性エリテマトーデスのマネージメントおよび予後の概要 overview of the management and prognosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in adults
• 2. 関節リウマチおよび妊娠 rheumatoid arthritis and pregnancy
• 3. 全身性エリテマトーデス女性患者における避妊に対するアプローチ approach to contraception in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
• 4. 全身性エリテマトーデスを有する女性における妊娠 pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
• 5. Management of knee osteoarthritis

English Journal

• Intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide releasing biomaterial microspheres inhibits pain and inflammation in an acute arthritis model.

• Rudnik-Jansen I, Schrijver K, Woike N, Tellegen A, Versteeg S, Emans P, Mihov G, Thies J, Eijkelkamp N, Tryfonidou M, Creemers L.
• Drug delivery. 2019 Dec;26(1)226-236.
• Inflammation of the synovium and joint capsule is a main driver of pain in an osteoarthritic (OA) joint. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) is a classical corticosteroid that reduces synovitis and alleviates pain, albeit transiently. Biomaterial-based local TAA release may prolong the suppression of pain
• PMID 30843733

• Steroid-steroid interactions in biological membranes: Cholesterol and cortisone.

• Khondker A, Hub JS, Rheinstädter MC.
• Chemistry and physics of lipids. 2019 Jul;221()193-197.
• Steroid flares are common side effects associated with corticosteroid treatment, and have been recently theorized to be a consequence of drug crystallization. It was previously reported that the lipid bilayer can promote crystallization of cortisone at high local concentrations. Here, we studied the
• PMID 30951711

• Surgery During Admission for an Ulcerative Colitis Flare: Should Pouch Formation Be Considered?

• McKenna NP, Bews KA, Mathis KL, Lightner AL, Habermann EB.
• The Journal of surgical research. 2019 Jul;239()216-223.
• Up to 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis will require hospitalization for a disease flare and 10% of these patients will require semiurgent colectomy during the same admission. Limited evidence exists to guide decision-making on the safety of ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in the semiurgen
• PMID 30852448

Japanese Journal

• <b>腎機能障害を合併した痛風患者に対する新規キサンチンオキシダーゼ（XO）阻害薬の検討</b>

• 痛風と核酸代謝 42(1), 51-58, 2018-07-25
• NAID 130007418567

• Aerothermodynamic Studies on Low-Ballistic-Coefficient Mars Aerocapture Vehicle with Drag Modulation and Electric Propulsion

• AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 16(5), 412-419, 2018-07-04
• NAID 130007393844

• 進行性骨化性線維異形成症の1歳女児例

• 小児放誌 34(1), 49-53, 2018-06-14
• NAID 130007396730

• Successful Management of Pregnancy in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

• Intern. Med. 57(11), 1655-1659, 2018-06-01
• NAID 130007382857

Related Links

• Flareオフィシャルブログ「Club Flare 003」Powered by Ameba

Live 8/1 Ukulele Picnic 2015 in 横浜赤レンガ倉庫 8/23 まつり宮崎 in 宮崎 8/29 青島国際ビール祭り in 宮崎 9/16-23 fish-eyeアマチュア国際映画祭 in ロシア 10/2 Private Party in 宮崎 シェラトン 10/3 (近日公開予定) in 東京 10 ...

• 映画「フレア」FLARE | 自堕落なフランス人写真家との出逢いが ...

映画「フレア」 FLARE | 自堕落なフランス人写真家との出逢いが家出少女フレアの運命を変える! ...

• FLARE 株式会社フレア

フィギュアの企画・開発・製造・販売をしている株式会社フレアのホームページです。 ... NEWS 2015/11/11 「ガールズ＆パンツァー 秋山優花里」の商品情報を公開しました！ 2015/11/06 「ベヨネッタ」を出荷いたしました。

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「stigmata」「rush」「blushing」「erythrogenic」「redness」
拡張検索	「solar flare」「laser flare cell meter」

「stigmata」

　　[★]

• n.

• 紅斑、徴候、斑点、標徴、(昆虫)気門、(植物)柱頭

関

erythema、flare、indication、manifestation、mottle、rush、sign、spiracle、spot、stigma、symptom、symptomatic

　

「rush」

　　[★]

• 紅斑

関

erythema、flare、stigma、stigmata

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「blushing」

　　[★]

• 発赤、潮紅

関

erythrogenic、flare、flushing、redness

「erythrogenic」

　　[★]

• 発赤性の、発赤の

関

blushing、flare、redness

「redness」

　　[★]

• 発赤

関

blushing、erythrogenic、flare

　

「solar flare」

　　[★]

太陽フレア

関

solar activity、sunspot

「laser flare cell meter」

　　[★] レーザーフレアセルメータ