WordNet

cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/09 00:38:45」(JST)

wiki en

Epidermal growth factor or EGF is a growth factor that stimulates cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR. Human EGF is a 6045-Da protein^[2] with 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds.^[3]

Function

EGF results in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival.^[4] EGF is a low-molecular-weight polypeptide first purified from the mouse submandibular gland, but since then found in many human tissues including submandibular gland, parotid gland. Salivary EGF, which seems also regulated by dietary inorganic iodine, also plays an important physiological role in the maintenance of oro-esophageal and gastric tissue integrity. The biological effects of salivary EGF include healing of oral and gastroesophageal ulcers, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, stimulation of DNA synthesis as well as mucosal protection from intraluminal injurious factors such as gastric acid, bile acids, pepsin, and trypsin and to physical, chemical and bacterial agents.^[5]

Biological sources

Epidermal growth factor can be found in macrophages, urine, saliva, milk, and plasma.^[6] The production of epidermal growth factor has been found to be stimulated by testosterone.

Mechanism

Diagram showing key components of the MAPK/ERK pathway. In the diagram, "P" represents phosphate. Note EGF at the very top.

EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the cell surface. This stimulates ligand-induced dimerization,^[7] activating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor (see the second diagram). The tyrosine kinase activity, in turn, initiates a signal transduction cascade that results in a variety of biochemical changes within the cell - a rise in intracellular calcium levels, increased glycolysis and protein synthesis, and increases in the expression of certain genes including the gene for EGFR - that ultimately lead to DNA synthesis and cell proliferation.^[8]

EGF-family

EGF is the founding member of the EGF-family of proteins. Members of this protein family have highly similar structural and functional characteristics. Besides EGF itself other family members include:^[9]

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF)
transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α)
Amphiregulin (AR)
Epiregulin (EPR)
Epigen
Betacellulin (BTC)
neuregulin-1 (NRG1)
neuregulin-2 (NRG2)
neuregulin-3 (NRG3)
neuregulin-4 (NRG4).

All family members contain one or more repeats of the conserved amino acid sequence:

CX₇CX_4-5CX_10-13CXCX₈GXRC

Where X represents any amino acid.^[9]

This sequence contains 6 cysteine residues that form three intramolecular disulfide bonds. Disulfide bond formation generates three structural loops that are essential for high-affinity binding between members of the EGF-family and their cell-surface receptors.^[10]

EGF therapy

Increased activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been observed in certain types of cancer, often correlated with mutations in the receptor and abnormal function such as constitutive receptor signalling independent of the levels of EGF or of binding of EGF.^[11] Thus EGF and/or EGFR have been exploited to develop imaging methods and targeted therapies against cancers overexpressing EGFR.

Pharmaceutical drugs developed for inhibiting the EGF receptor include gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib and osimertinib for lung cancer, and Cetuximab for colon cancer. EGFR inhibitors are either tyrosine kinase inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies that slow down or halt cell growth. CimaVax-EGF, an active vaccine targeting EGF as the major ligand of EGF, raises antibodies against EGF itself, thereby denying EGFR-dependent cancers of a proliferative stimulus;^[12] it is in use as a cancer therapy against non-small-cell lung carcinoma (the most common form of lung cancer) in Cuba, and is undergoing further trials for possible licensing in Japan, Europe, and the United States.^[13]

Imaging agents have been developed which identify EGFR-dependent cancers using labeled EGF.^[14] or anti-EGFR ^[15]

Interactions

Epidermal growth factor has been shown to interact with epidermal growth factor receptor.^[16]^[17]

References

^ PDB: 1a3p; Barnham KJ, Torres AM, Alewood D, Alewood PF, Domagala T, Nice EC, Norton RS (August 1998). "Role of the 6-20 disulfide bridge in the structure and activity of epidermal growth factor". Protein Science 7 (8): 1738–49. doi:10.1002/pro.5560070808. PMC 2144085. PMID 10082370.
^ Harris RC, Chung E, Coffey RJ (March 2003). "EGF receptor ligands". Experimental Cell Reseach 284 (1): 2–13. doi:10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00105-2. PMID 12648462.
^ Carpenter G, Cohen S (May 1990). "Epidermal growth factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 (14): 7709–12. PMID 2186024.
^ Herbst RS (2004). "Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 59 (2 Suppl): 21–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.041. PMID 15142631.
^ Venturi S, Venturi M (2009). "Iodine in evolution of salivary glands and in oral health". Nutrition and Health 20 (2): 119–134. doi:10.1177/026010600902000204. PMID 19835108.
^ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
^ Dawson JP, Berger MB, Lin CC, Schlessinger J, Lemmon MA, Ferguson KM (2005). "Epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization and activation require ligand-induced conformational changes in the dimer interface". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (17): 7734–42. doi:10.1128/MCB.25.17.7734-7742.2005. PMC 1190273. PMID 16107719.
^ Fallon JH, Seroogy KB, Loughlin SE, Morrison RS, Bradshaw RA, Knaver DJ, Cunningham DD (June 1984). "Epidermal growth factor immunoreactive material in the central nervous system: location and development". Science 224 (4653): 1107–9. doi:10.1126/science.6144184. PMID 6144184.
^ ^a ^b Dreux AC, Lamb DJ, Modjtahedi H, Ferns GA (May 2006). "The epidermal growth factor receptors and their family of ligands: their putative role in atherogenesis". Atherosclerosis 186 (1): 38–53. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.038. PMID 16076471.
^ Harris RC, Chung E, Coffey RJ (2003). "EGF receptor ligands". Exp. Cell. Res. 284 (1): 2–13. doi:10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00105-2. PMID 12648462.
^ Lurje G., et al., "EGFR Signalling and Drug Discovery", Oncology 77: 400-410 (2009)
^ Rodríguez, Pedro C; Rodríguez, Gryssell; González, Giselaa; Lage, Agustín (Winter 2010). "Clinical development and perspectives of CIMAvax EGF, Cuban vaccine for non-small-cell lung cancer therapy". MEDICC Rev 12 (1): 17–23. PMID 20387330. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
^ Patel, Neel (11 May 2015). "Cuba Has a Lung Cancer Vaccine—And America Wants It". Wired. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
^ L. J. Lucas, C. A. Tellez , M. L. Castilho , C. L. D. Lee , M. A. Hupman , L. S. Vieira , I. Ferreira , L. Raniero , K. C. Hewitt. "Development of a sensitive, stable and EGFR-specific molecular imaging agent for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy", Journal of Raman Spectroscopy DOI 10.1002/jrs.4678 (2015)
^ L. J. Lucas , X. K. Chen , A. J. Smith , M. Korbelik , H. Zeng , P. W. K. Lee and K. C. Hewitt. "Aggregation of nanoparticles in endosomes and lysosomes produce Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy", Journal of Nanophotonics 9: 093094-1-14 (2015).
^ Stortelers C, Souriau C, van Liempt E, van de Poll ML, van Zoelen EJ (July 2002). "Role of the N-terminus of epidermal growth factor in ErbB-2/ErbB-3 binding studied by phage display". Biochemistry 41 (27): 8732–41. doi:10.1021/bi025878c. PMID 12093292.
^ Wong L, Deb TB, Thompson SA, Wells A, Johnson GR (March 1999). "A differential requirement for the COOH-terminal region of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in amphiregulin and EGF mitogenic signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8900–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8900. PMID 10085134.

External links

Shaanxi Zhongbang Pharma-Tech Co., Ltd.-Supply of Epidermal Growth Factor
EGF at the Human Protein Reference Database.
Epidermal growth factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
EGF model in BioModels database

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 上皮成長因子受容体（EGFR）阻害剤投与に続発するざ瘡様発疹 acneiform eruption secondary to epidermal growth factor receptor egfr inhibitors
2. 食道癌の疫学、病理生物学、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathobiology and clinical manifestations of esophageal cancer
3. 上皮成長因子受容体変異を有する進行非小細胞肺癌に対する全身療法 systemic therapy for advanced non small cell lung cancer with an activating mutation in the epidermal growth factor receptor
4. Vitiligo: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis
5. 成人における抗癌剤の投与 dosing of anticancer agents in adults

English Journal

Metallic nanocrystallites-incorporated ordered mesoporous carbon as labels for a sensitive simultaneous multianalyte electrochemical immunoassay.

Fang Y1, Huang X1, Zeng Q1, Wang L2.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2015 Nov 15;73:71-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.046. Epub 2015 May 25.
This work reports on a facile, novel multianalyte electrochemical immunoassay for simultaneous detection of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 (HER-2) using metal-containing nanomaterials confined in the ordered mesoporous carbon matrix (OMC-M) as labels. Well-disp
PMID 26046316

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A165b prevents diabetic neuropathic pain and sensory neuronal degeneration.

Hulse RP1, Beazley-Long N2, Ved N3, Bestall SM4, Riaz H5, Singhal P5, Ballmer Hofer K6, Harper SJ5, Bates DO1, Donaldson LF7.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Oct 1;129(8):741-56. doi: 10.1042/CS20150124.
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects up to half of diabetic patients. This neuronal damage leads to sensory disturbances, including allodynia and hyperalgesia. Many growth factors have been suggested as useful treatments for prevention of neurodegeneration, including the vascular endothelial growt
PMID 26201024

A novel integrin function in innate immunity from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

Huang Y1, Zhao LL1, Feng JL1, Zhu HX1, Huang X1, Ren Q2, Wang W3.
Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2015 Oct;52(2):155-65. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.05.005. Epub 2015 May 21.
Integrins belong to a superfamily of conserved α β heterodimeric cell surface receptors that have critical function in cell migration, differentiation, and survival. In this study, an integrin called EsIntegrin was identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. EsIntegrin cDNA is 4415 bp
PMID 26004499

Japanese Journal

Effects of epidermal growth factor on the proliferation and cell cycle regulation of cultured human amnion epithelial cells

Fatimah Simat Siti,Tan Geok Chin,Chua Kien Hui [他]
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 114(2), 220-227, 2012-08
NAID 40019396897

Communication to the Editor : New Cancer Immunotherapy Using Autologous Lymphocytes Activated with Trastuzumab

Nakagawa Shinichirou,Matsuoka Yusuke,Ichihara Hideaki [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 35(8), 1213-1215, 2012-08
NAID 40019353477

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「上皮細胞増殖因子」「EGF」
拡張検索	「epidermal growth factor receptor gene」「epidermal growth factor receptor kinase」「epidermal growth factor receptor」「epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor」
関連記事	「grow」「fact」「factor」「epidermal」「growth」

「上皮細胞増殖因子」

Epidermal growth factor
	Rainbow colored NMR structure (N-terminus = blue, C-terminus = red) of the mouse epidermal growth factor.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1IVO, 1JL9, 1NQL, 1P9J, 2KV4, 3NJP
Identifiers
Symbols	EGF ; HOMG4; URG
External IDs	OMIM: 131530 MGI: 95290 HomoloGene: 1483 ChEMBL: 5734 GeneCards: EGF Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• epidermal growth factor receptor binding; • calcium ion binding; • protein binding; • growth factor activity; • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • lysosomal membrane; • plasma membrane; • integral component of membrane; • platelet alpha granule lumen; • extracellular exosome;
Biological process	• activation of MAPKK activity; • angiogenesis; • platelet degranulation; • DNA replication; • signal transduction; • activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity; • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • STAT protein import into nucleus; • blood coagulation; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; • positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation; • platelet activation; • positive regulation of catenin import into nucleus; • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of phosphorylation; • positive regulation of DNA binding; • positive regulation of MAP kinase activity; • innate immune response; • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity; • positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway; • phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling; • branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube; • negative regulation of secretion; • mammary gland alveolus development; • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • regulation of calcium ion import; • negative regulation of cholesterol efflux; • positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process; • regulation of protein localization to cell surface; • positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	v; t; e;