出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/11/15 21:03:57」(JST)
Cytomegalovirus | |
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Classification and external resources | |
ICD-10 | B25 |
ICD-9-CM | 078.5 |
MedlinePlus | 000568 |
Patient UK | Cytomegalovirus |
MeSH | D003586 |
[edit on Wikidata]
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Cytomegalovirus | |
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Typical "owl eye" inclusion indicating CMV infection of a lung pneumocyte[1] | |
Virus classification | |
Group: | Group I (dsDNA) |
Order: | Herpesvirales |
Family: | Herpesviridae |
Subfamily: | Betaherpesvirinae |
Genus: | Cytomegalovirus |
Type species | |
Human cytomegalovirus |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (from the Greek cyto-, "cell", and megalo-, "large") is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family (150-200nm in diameter [hiv virus 120nm]) Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts. There are currently eight species in this genus including the type species, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, human herpesvirus 5, HHV-5), which is the species that infects humans. Diseases associated with HHV-5 include glandular fever, and pneumonia.[2][3] In the medical literature, most mentions of CMV without further specification refer implicitly to human CMV. Human CMV is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses.[4]
Cytomegalovirus was first observed by German pathologist Hugo Ribbert in 1881 when he noticed enlarged cells with enlarged nuclei present in the cells of an infant.[5]
Within Herpesviridae, CMV belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which also includes the genera Muromegalovirus and Roseolovirus (HHV-6 and HHV-7).[6] It is related to other herpesviruses within the subfamilies of Alphaherpesvirinae that includes herpes simplex viruses (HSV)-1 and -2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily that includes Epstein–Barr virus.[4]
Group: dsDNA
Source:[3]
Scientific Name | Host | Common Name |
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Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5) | Human | Human CMV (HCMV) |
Cercopithecine herpesvirus 5 (CeHV-5) | African green monkey | Simian CMV (SCCMV) |
Cercopithecine herpesvirus 8 (CeHV-8) | Rhesus monkey | Rhesus CMV (RhCMV) |
Panine herpesvirus 2 (PoHV-2) | Chimpanzee | Chimpanzee CMV (CCMV) |
Pongine herpesvirus 4 (PoHV-4) | Orangutan | Chimpanzee CMV (CCMV) |
Aotine herpesvirus 1 (AoHV-1) tentative classification | Night monkey | Herpesvirus aotus 1 |
Aotine herpesvirus 3 (AoHV-3) tentative classification | Night monkey | Herpesvirus aotus 3 |
Several species of Cytomegalovirus have been identified and classified for different mammals.[6] The most studied is Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is also known as Human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). Other primate CMV species include Chimpanzee cytomegalovirus (CCMV) that infects chimpanzees and orangutans, and Simian cytomegalovirus (SCCMV) and Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) that infect macaques; CCMV is known as both Panine herpesvirus 2 (PaHV-2) and Pongine herpesvirus-4 (PoHV-4). SCCMV is called Cercopithecine herpesvirus-5 (CeHV-5) and RhCMV, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 8 (CeHV-8). A further two viruses found in the night monkey are tentatively placed in the Cytomegalovirus genus, and are called Herpesvirus aotus 1 and Herpesvirus aotus 3. Rodents also have viruses previously called cytomegaloviruses that are now reclassified under the genus Muromegalovirus; this genus contains Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is also known as Murid herpesvirus 1 (MuHV-1) and the closely related Murid herpesvirus 2 (MuHV-2) that is found in rats. In addition, there many other viral species with the name Cytomegalovirus identified in distinct mammals that are as yet not completely classified; these were predominantly isolated from primates and rodents.
Viruses in Cytomegalovirus are enveloped, with icosahedral, Spherical to pleomorphic, and Round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150–200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 200kb in length.[2]
Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
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Cytomegalovirus | Spherical Pleomorphic | T=16 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Human and monkeys serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact, urine, and saliva.[2]
Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
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Cytomegalovirus | Humans; monkeys | Epithelial mucosa | Glycoproteins | Budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Urine; saliva |
All herpesviruses share a characteristic ability to remain latent within the body over long periods. Although they may be found throughout the body, CMV infections are frequently associated with the salivary glands in humans and other mammals.[6]
The CMV promoter is commonly included in vectors used in genetic engineering work conducted in mammalian cells, as it is a strong promoter and drives constitutive expression of genes under its control.[7]
Taxon identifiers |
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Baltimore (virus classification)
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DNA |
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RNA |
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RT |
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Infectious diseases – viral systemic diseases (A80–B34, 042–079)
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Oncovirus |
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Immune disorders |
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Central nervous system |
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Cardiovascular |
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Respiratory system/ acute viral nasopharyngitis/ |
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Human digestive system |
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Urogenital |
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Vertically transmitted infections (P35–P39, 771)
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Gestational |
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During birth |
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Late pregnancy |
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By breastfeeding |
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リンク元 | 「サイトメガロウイルス感染症」「CMV infection」「サイトメガロウイルス感染」「inclusion disease」 |
拡張検索 | 「congenital cytomegalovirus infection」 |
関連記事 | 「infection」「cytomegalovirus」 |
症候 | 頻度(%) |
出血斑 | 54 |
胎児発育不全 | 47 |
肝腫 | 47 |
脾腫 | 44 |
脳石灰化 | 43 |
出生時の黄疸 | 36 |
小頭症 | 40 |
聴覚障害 | 41 |
溶血性貧血 | 13 |
脈絡網膜炎 | 11 |
痙攣 | 8 |
肺炎 | 11 |
肝機能障害 | 30 |
死亡 | 8 |
疾患 | 新生児 | 乳児 | 臓器移植 | 骨髄移植 | AIDS |
発熱/肝障害 | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + |
消化器感染症 | + | + | + | + | + |
網膜炎 | + | + | ++ | ||
間質性肺炎 | + | + | + | ++ | |
骨髄抑制 | ++ | + | |||
脳炎・脳障害 | + | + | |||
PTLDリスク | + | + |
.