関: corticospinal tract、pyramidal decussation、pyramidal tract

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a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet (同)pamphlet
an extended area of land (同)piece of land, piece of ground, parcel of land, parcel
a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose
a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image (同)trace
the act of drawing a plan or diagram or outline
the discovery and description of the course of development of something; "the tracing of genealogies"

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広大な土地(地域),(土地・海・空などの)広がり《+of+名》 / (器官の)管,(神経の)索
(おもに宗教・政治などの宣伝用の)小冊子,パンフレット
跡を追うこと,追跡;透写,複写 / 〈C〉 / 透写(複写)によってできたもの(地図・図案など),透写図

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/19 11:17:18」(JST)

wiki en

The corticobulbar (or corticonuclear) tract is a two neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem primarily involved in carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves. The corticobulbar tract is one of the pyramidal tracts, the other being the corticospinal tract.

Anatomy

The corticobulbar tract originates in the primary motor cortex of the frontal lobe, just superior to the lateral fissure and rostral to the central sulcus in the precentral gyrus also known as Brodmann area 4. The tract descends through the corona radiata and genu of the internal capsule with a few fibers in the posterior limb of the internal capsule, as it passes from the cortex down to the midbrain. In the midbrain, the internal capsule becomes the cerebral peduncles. The white matter is located in the ventral portion of the cerebral peduncles, called the crus cerebri. The middle third of the crus cerebri contains the corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers. The corticobulbar fibers exit at the appropriate level of the brainstem to synapse on the lower motor neurons of the cranial nerves.

Function

The corticobulbar tract is composed of the upper motor neurons of the cranial nerves. The muscles of the face, head and neck are controlled by the corticobulbar system, which terminates on motor neurons within brainstem motor nuclei. This is in contrast to the corticospinal tract in which the cerebral cortex connects to spinal motor neurons, and thereby controls movement of the torso, upper and lower limbs.

The corticobulbar tract innervates cranial motor nuclei bilaterally with the exception of the lower facial nuclei which are innervated only unilaterally (below the eyes) and cranial nerve XII which is innervated unilaterally as well. Both the lower part of cranial nerve VII and XII are innervated by the contralateral cortex. Among those nuclei that are bilaterally innervated a slightly stronger connection contralaterally than ipsilaterally is observed. The corticobulbar tract directly innervates the nuclei for cranial nerves V, VII, XI, and XII. The corticobulbar tract also contributes to the motor regions of X in the nucleus ambiguus.

External links

Illustration and text: 07CNXII at the University of Wisconsin–Madison Medical school
http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_06/i_06_cl/i_06_cl_mou/i_06_cl_mou.html
http://pathology.mc.duke.edu/neuropath/nawr/motor-systems.html

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English Journal

Extensive distribution of glial cytoplasmic inclusions in an autopsied case of multiple system atrophy with a prolonged 18-year clinical course.

Masui K, Nakata Y, Fujii N, Iwaki T.SourceDepartment of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Department of Neurology, Neuro-Muscular Center, National Omuta Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology.2011 May 26. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01222.x. [Epub ahead of print]
We describe herein an autopsied case of multiple system atrophy (MSA) with prolonged clinical course of 18 years, and evaluate the extent of neurodegeneration and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) in the entire brain of this rare case. A 64-year-old woman presented with typical neurological sympto
PMID 21615514

Parvalbumin interneurons and calretinin fibers arising from the thalamic nucleus reuniens degenerate in the subiculum after kainic acid-induced seizures.

Drexel M, Preidt AP, Kirchmair E, Sperk G.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Neuroscience.2011 May 18. [Epub ahead of print]
The subiculum is the major output area of the hippocampus. It is closely interconnected with the entorhinal cortex and other parahippocampal areas. In animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in TLE patients it exerts increased network excitability and may crucially contribute to the propag
PMID 21616128

Japanese Journal

Pure Dysarthria Resulting from a Small Cortical Infarction Located at the Left Middle Frontal Gyrus

Uzawa Akiyuki,Hiraga Akiyuki,Kamitsukasa Ikuo
Internal Medicine 48(1), 75-76, 2009
… This case indicated that an isolated middle frontal gyrus lesion can cause pure dysarthria by secondary compromising of the cortical areas related or connected to the corticobulbar tract. …
NAID 130000080007

舌運動に関与する神経伝導路:上位・下位運動ニューロンの評価 (特集嚥下機能のニューロサイエンス)

稲葉彰,横田隆徳
細胞 38(3), 92-95, 2006-03
NAID 40007215494

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リンク元	「皮質延髄路」「皮質核路」「pyramidal decussation」「pyramidal tract」「皮質球路」
関連記事	「tracing」「tract」

「皮質延髄路」

Corticobulbar tract
	Components and location of the corticobulbar tract.
Details
Latin	tractus corticonuclearis,; tractus corticobulbaris
Identifiers
NeuroNames	ancil-371
Dorlands; /Elsevier	t_15/12816062
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy