WordNet

the separation of grain or seeds from the husks and straw; "they used to do the threshing by hand but now there are machines to do it"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(からざおで)〈穀物〉‘を'打つ,(脱穀機で)〈もみがら〉‘を'取る《+名+with+名》 / 《まれ》…‘を'打つ(thrash) / 脱穀する / 激しく打つ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/09 21:43:05」(JST)

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English Journal

Structural analysis of DNA-protein complexes regulating the restriction-modification system Esp1396I.

Martin RN1, McGeehan JE, Ball NJ, Streeter SD, Thresh SJ, Kneale GG.Author information 1Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2DY, England.AbstractThe controller protein of the type II restriction-modification (RM) system Esp1396I binds to three distinct DNA operator sequences upstream of the methyltransferase and endonuclease genes in order to regulate their expression. Previous biophysical and crystallographic studies have shown molecular details of how the controller protein binds to the operator sites with very different affinities. Here, two protein-DNA co-crystal structures containing portions of unbound DNA from native operator sites are reported. The DNA in both complexes shows significant distortion in the region between the conserved symmetric sequences, similar to that of a DNA duplex when bound by the controller protein (C-protein), indicating that the naked DNA has an intrinsic tendency to bend when not bound to the C-protein. Moreover, the width of the major groove of the DNA adjacent to a bound C-protein dimer is observed to be significantly increased, supporting the idea that this DNA distortion contributes to the substantial cooperativity found when a second C-protein dimer binds to the operator to form the tetrameric repression complex.
Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications.Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun.2013 Sep;69(Pt 9):962-6. doi: 10.1107/S174430911302126X. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
The controller protein of the type II restriction-modification (RM) system Esp1396I binds to three distinct DNA operator sequences upstream of the methyltransferase and endonuclease genes in order to regulate their expression. Previous biophysical and crystallographic studies have shown molecular de
PMID 23989141

Physics of stimulated L→H transitions.

Miki K1, Diamond PH, Hahn SH, Xiao WW, Gürcan ÖD, Tynan GR.Author information 1WCI Center for Fusion Theory, National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.AbstractWe report on model studies of stimulated L→H transitions. These studies use a novel reduced mesoscale model. Studies reveal that L→H transitions can be triggered by particle injection into a subcritical state (i.e., P<P(Thresh)). Particle injection alters the edge mean flow shear via changes of density and temperature gradients. The change of edge mean flow shear is critical to turbulence collapse and the subsequent stimulated transition. For low ambient heating, strong injection is predicted to trigger a transient turbulence collapse. We predict that repetitive injection can maintain the turbulence collapse and so sustain a driven H-mode-like state. The total number of particles required to induce a transition by either injection or gas puffing is estimated. Results indicate that the total number of injected particles required is much smaller than that required for inducing a transition by gas puffing. Thus, we show that internal injection is more efficient than gas puffing of comparable strength. We also observe that zonal flows do not play a critical role in stimulated transitions.
Physical review letters.Phys Rev Lett.2013 May 10;110(19):195002. Epub 2013 May 8.
We report on model studies of stimulated L→H transitions. These studies use a novel reduced mesoscale model. Studies reveal that L→H transitions can be triggered by particle injection into a subcritical state (i.e., P<P(Thresh)). Particle injection alters the edge mean flow shear via changes
PMID 23705712

The structural basis of differential DNA sequence recognition by restriction-modification controller proteins.

Ball NJ1, McGeehan JE, Streeter SD, Thresh SJ, Kneale GG.Author information 1Biomolecular Structure Group, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK.AbstractController (C) proteins regulate the expression of restriction-modification (RM) genes in a wide variety of RM systems. However, the RM system Esp1396I is of particular interest as the C protein regulates both the restriction endonuclease (R) gene and the methyltransferase (M) gene. The mechanism of this finely tuned genetic switch depends on differential binding affinities for the promoters controlling the R and M genes, which in turn depends on differential DNA sequence recognition and the ability to recognize dual symmetries. We report here the crystal structure of the C protein bound to the M promoter, and compare the binding affinities for each operator sequence by surface plasmon resonance. Comparison of the structure of the transcriptional repression complex at the M promoter with that of the transcriptional activation complex at the R promoter shows how subtle changes in protein-DNA interactions, underpinned by small conformational changes in the protein, can explain the molecular basis of differential regulation of gene expression.
Nucleic acids research.Nucleic Acids Res.2012 Nov 1;40(20):10532-42. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks718. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Controller (C) proteins regulate the expression of restriction-modification (RM) genes in a wide variety of RM systems. However, the RM system Esp1396I is of particular interest as the C protein regulates both the restriction endonuclease (R) gene and the methyltransferase (M) gene. The mechanism of
PMID 22941636

Japanese Journal

戦後東ドイツ農村の機械トラクターステーション--農業機械化と農村カードル形成

足立芳宏
生物資源経済研究 (14), 65-122, 2009
… While in cultivation both farmers and cooperatives did without MTS-tractors any more, we could find the village farmers taking the leadership to avail sheaf-binders harvester and thresh machines within the villages. …
NAID 120001265614

自然的原因により重金属等を溶出するトンネル掘削土判定と処理 : 日本海沿岸東北自動車道大館〜小坂雪沢第二トンネル(<特集>環境汚染問題に対する応用地質学の貢献)

細川迭男,菅井皇人,山崎充
応用地質 47(6), 346-353, 2007-02-10
日本海沿岸東北自動車道大館北インターチェンジ(仮称)〜小坂ジャンクション(仮称)間の最も東に位置する雪沢第二トンネルでは,トンネル掘削の対象となる泥岩の一部で,セレンが土壌汚染対策法に定められた溶出量基準を超過することが工事着手前に行った調査でわかっていた.また,雪沢第二トンネル着工時期より先に着工している当該区間の西に位置する大茂内第一トンネルでは,工事中に粘土化した凝灰岩と泥岩凝灰岩互層で砒 …
NAID 110006201505

波形の形状分析に基づく音素セグメンテーションの一検討(聴覚・音声・言語とその障害, 一般)

岡田一秀,青木直史
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SP, 音声 104(696), 59-64, 2005-02-25
話者により一旦発話された音声を音素毎に仕分けしていくことをセグメンテーションと言う。もし、これが正確になされれば、音声合成においては、単語や文章にさえも、既にセグメンテーションされ、一時、保存されていた各音素を繋ぎ合わせて、自然性・了解性のある音声に仕上げていくことも可能であるし、音声認識においても、形状発露でかつ小容量辞書を利用した音素単位認識への活路も広がる。実際、語彙としての一部である音素を …
NAID 110003298566