WordNet

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices; "a mechanical process"; "his smile was very mechanical"; "a mechanical toy"
relating to or concerned with machinery or tools; "mechanical arts"; "mechanical design"; "mechanical skills" (同)mechanically skillful
relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics; "a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance"; "the mechanical pressure of a strong wind"
the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air (同)airing
a mechanical system in a building that provides fresh air; "she was continually adjusting the ventilation" (同)ventilation system, ventilating system
resembling the action of a machine; "from blank to blank a threadless way I pushed mechanic feet"- Emily Dickenson
restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds; "controlled emotions"; "the controlled release of water from reservoirs"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『機械の』,道具の;機械(道具)を必要とする / 機械仕掛けの,機械操作の,機械製の / 機械に適した,機械向きの;(人・行動などが)機械的な,自動的な
換気,通風 / 換気設備,通風装置 / 世に問うこと,自由討議
『機械工』,職工

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/19 11:56:11」(JST)

wiki en

Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) is a respiratory therapy treatment for people who are hypoventilating. While not a preferred method due to cost,^[1] IPPB is used to expand the lungs, deliver aerosol medications, and in some circumstances ventilate the patient.^[2]

Indications[edit]

IPPB may be indicated for patients who are at risk for developing atelectasis and who are unable or unwilling to breathe deeply without assistance.^[3] In patients with severe lung hyperinflation, IPPB may decrease dyspnea and discomfort during nebulized therapy.^[4]

Contraindications[edit]

Most contraindications are relative, such as nausea, hemodynamic instability,^[5] tracheal fistula, singulation and hemoptysis.^[6] Untreated tension pneumothorax is an absolute contraindication.^[7]

References[edit]

^ Thomas JA, McIntosh JM (1994). "Are incentive spirometry, intermittent positive pressure breathing, and deep breathing exercises effective in the prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery? A systematic overview and meta-analysis". Phys Ther 74 (1): 3–16.
^ Handelsman H (1991). "Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) therapy". Health Technology Assessment Reports (1): 1–9. PMID 1810351.
^ Shelledy DC, Mikles SP (2001). "Patient assessment and respiratory care plan development.". In Mishoe SC, Welch MA Jr. Critical thinking in respiratory care. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-134474-6.
^ Janssens JP, de Muralt B, Titelion V (2000). "Management of dyspnea in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". J Pain Sympt Manage 19 (5): 378–92. doi:10.1016/S0885-3924(00)00129-9.
^ Schilling JP, Kasik JE (1980). "Intermittent positive pressure breathing: a continuing controversy". J Iowa Med Soc 70 (3): 99–100, 102–103.
^ Shapiro BA, Peterson J, Carne RD (1982). "Complications of mechanical aids to intermittent lung inflation". Respir Care 27 (4): 467–70.
^ Scanlan CL, Wilkins RL, Stoller JK (1999). Egan’s fundamentals of respiratory care (7th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 777–782.

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1. 新生児における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation in neonates
2. 機械的人工換気の概要 overview of mechanical ventilation
3. 成人の急性呼吸不全における非侵襲的陽圧換気 noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure in adults
4. 機械的人工換気のモード modes of mechanical ventilation
5. 救急外来における成人の人工呼吸器 mechanical ventilation of adults in the emergency department

English Journal

Non-invasive measurement of pulse pressure variation and systolic pressure variation using a finger cuff corresponds with intra-arterial measurement.

Lansdorp B, Ouweneel D, de Keijzer A, van der Hoeven JG, Lemson J, Pickkers P.SourceMIRA-Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
British journal of anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth.2011 Oct;107(4):540-5. Epub 2011 Jun 23.
BACKGROUND: /st> Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and systolic pressure variation (SPV) are reliable predictors of fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation. Currently, PPV and SPV are measured invasively and it is unknown if an arterial pressure (AP) signal obta
PMID 21700612

The Effect of Pressure-controlled Ventilation on Pulmonary Mechanics in the Prone Position During Posterior Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Comparison With Volume-controlled Ventilation.

Jo YY, Kim JY, Kwak YL, Kim YB, Kwak HJ.Source*Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University of Medicine and Science Gil Medical Center, Incheon †Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Journal of neurosurgical anesthesiology.J Neurosurg Anesthesiol.2011 Sep 5. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: When an anesthetized patient is turned to the prone position using the Wilson frame, dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreases and peak airway pressure (Ppeak) increases. As pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) decreases the Ppeak, this prospective, randomized study was designed to compare th
PMID 21897297

Japanese Journal

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenationにより救命しえた新型インフルエンザによる呼吸不全の1例

仁科雅良/佐藤孝幸/石井真佐隆/須賀弘泰/横山利光/西久保俊士/増田崇光/中川隆雄
東京女子医科大学雑誌 81(5), 377-380, 2011-10-25
今回われわれは、Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) により救命しえた新型インフルエンザによる呼吸不全の1例を経験したので報告する。患者は59歳、男性。咳と発熱が出現した。翌日近医へ入院した。インフルエンザ簡易検査が陰性だったので抗菌薬を投与された。2日後、呼吸状態が悪化した。簡易検査が陽性となったので、ラニナミビルを吸入した。当センターへ紹介・搬送 …
NAID 110008672491

Effect of Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor (Sivelestat Sodium) in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Iwata Kentaro,Doi Asako,Ohji Goh,Oka Hideaki,Oba Yuichiro,Takimoto Kohei,Igarashi Wataru,Gremillion David H.,Shimada Toshihiko
Internal Medicine 49(22), 2010
… Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on sivelestat for the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. … There was no difference in mechanical ventilation days (standardized mean difference -0.43, -1.12 to 0.27), but sivelestat was associated with a better short term PaO2/FiO2 ratio (0.30, 0.05 to 0.56). …
NAID 130000413370

Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Yokoyama Toshiki,Kondoh Yasuhiro,Taniguchi Hiroyuki,Kataoka Kensuke,Kato Keisuke,Nishiyama Osamu,Kimura Tomoki,Hasegawa Ryuichi,Kubo Keishi
Internal Medicine 49(15), 2010
… Background and Objective The outcome of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is usually very poor, and it has been suggested that mechanical ventilation does not benefit AE-IPF patients. … Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has attracted attention as a means to avoid intubation in acute respiratory failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). …
NAID 130000299570

「人工呼吸」

　　[★]

英: artificial respiration, artificial ventilation

概念

1. 人工的に呼吸を行わせること。このため、伝統的なmouth to mouthからバックアンドバルブマスク、あるいは人工呼吸器を用いて行う。
2. 一次救命処置の中における処置　→　人工呼吸#一次救命処置

人工呼吸適応

SAN.422

肺活量 < 10ml/kg, PaO2 < 55 mmHg(50%以上の酸素投与下), 呼吸回数 > 35/min, 努力呼吸, 吸引圧 < -25cmH2O

人工呼吸のモード

送気制御パターンによる分類

量規定換気 volume controlled ventilation VCV
圧規定換気 [[]] PCV

換気モード

調節換気 controlled mechanical ventilation CMV

間欠的陽圧呼吸 IPPV：間欠的に定容量のガスを換気する
持続的陽圧呼吸 CPPV：間欠的に定容量のガスを換気する　＋　呼気終末陽圧の付加

同期型間欠的強制換気 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation SIMV = 間欠的強制換気 intermittent mandatory ventilation IMV：自発呼吸が不十分な場合に、陽圧呼吸が強制的に行われる。
圧支持換気 pressure suppot ventilation
持続気道内陽圧 continuous positive airway pressure CPAP：自発呼吸をしている患者に呼気・吸気を通じて陽圧を欠ける。
非侵襲的陽圧換気法 noninvasive positive pressure ventilation NPPV