WordNet

an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system; "spare components for cars"; "a component or constituent element of a system" (同)constituent, element
an abstract part of something; "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a s (同)constituent, element, factor, ingredient
a three-dimensional shape with six square or rectangular sides (同)cube
(computer science) a sector or group of sectors that function as the smallest data unit permitted; "since blocks are often defined as a single sector, the terms `block and `sector are sometimes used interchangeably"
support, secure, or raise with a block; "block a plate for printing"; "block the wheels of a car"
a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks"
housing in a large building that is divided into separate units; "there is a block of classrooms in the west wing"
a rectangular area in a city surrounded by streets and usually containing several buildings; "he lives in the next block" (同)city block
an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block" (同)mental_block
a number or quantity of related things dealt with as a unit; "he reserved a large block of seats"; "he held a large block of the companys stock"
interrupt the normal function of by means of anesthesia; "block a nerve"; "block a muscle"
run on a block system; "block trains"
shape by using a block; "Block a hat"; "block a garment"
shape into a block or blocks; "block the graphs so one can see the results clearly"
stamp or emboss a title or design on a book with a block; "block the book cover"
a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place; "there was a three-story building on the corner"; "it was an imposing edifice" (同)edifice
the occupants of a building; "the entire building complained about the noise"
completely obstructed or closed off; "the storm was responsible for many blocked roads and bridges"; "the drain was plugged" (同)plugged
closed to traffic; "the repaving results in many blocked streets" (同)out of use
a group of countries in special alliance (同)axis
the act of obstructing or deflecting someones movements (同)block

PrepTutorEJDIC

構成している,成分の / 構成要素,成分
(木・石などの,通例平らな面のある)『かたまり』 / 《米》(四団を街路に囲まれた)『区画』,街区 / 街区の1辺の距離(一般に40メートル前後) / 《英》ブロック(アパート・事務所・商店などに区切られている大きな建物) / 『妨害物』,障害物(obstacle);(障害によって生じた)停滞,渋滞 / 台木,台(まないた・肉切り台・まき割り台・せり売り台・帽子の木型など);《the~》炭頭台 / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)ブロック(相手の選手の突進を阻止する) / 滑車(pulley) / (座席券・株券などの)一組《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈通路など〉'を'『ふさぐ』,〈通行・進行など〉'を'妨げる / 〈帽子など〉の型取りをする / (特にアメリカンフットボールで)〈相手選手の突進〉'を'ブロックする;(ボクシングで)〈相手のパンチ〉'を'ブロックする
〈C〉『建物』,ビルディング;(一般に)建造物 / 〈U〉建築,建築術
ブロック,圏(地理・共通の利害・政治・経済上の目的などのために団結した団体・国家などの結合体)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/09 16:10:06」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Building block" redirects here. For blocks used in construction, see Concrete masonry unit.

A set of blocks

Toy blocks (also building bricks, building blocks, or simply blocks), are wooden, plastic or foam pieces of various shapes (square, cylinder, arch, triangle, etc.) and colors that are used as construction toys. Sometimes toy blocks depict letters of the alphabet.

History

Baby at Play, by Thomas Eakins, 1876.

1693: One of the first references to Alphabet Nursery Blocks was made by English philosopher John Locke, in 1693, made the statement that "dice and playthings, with letters on them to teach children the alphabet by playing" would make learning to read a more enjoyable experience.

1798: Witold Rybczynski has found that the earliest mention of building bricks for children appears in Maria and R.L. Edgeworth's Practical Education (1798). Called "rational toys," blocks were intended to teach children about gravity and physics, as well as spatial relationships that allow them to see how many different parts become a whole.^[1]

1820: The first large-scale production of blocks was in the Williamsburg area of Brooklyn by S. L. Hill, who patented "ornamenting wood" a patent related to painting or coloring a block surface prior to the embossing process and then adding another color after the embossing to have multi-colored blocks.

1850: During the mid-nineteenth century, Henry Cole (under the pseudonym of Felix Summerly) wrote a series of children’s books. Cole's A book of stories from The Home Treasury included a box of terracotta toy blocks and, in the accompanying pamphlet "Architectural Pastime.", actual blueprints.

2003: National Toy Hall of Fame at the Strong Museum, inducted ABC blocks into their collection, granting it the title of one of America's toys of national significance.

Educational benefits

Physical benefits: toy blocks build strength in a child’s fingers and hands, and improve eye-hand coordination. They also help educate children in different shapes.
Social benefits: block play encourages children to make friends and cooperate, and is often one of the first experiences a child has playing with others. Blocks are a benefit for the children because they encourage interaction and imagination. Creativity can be a combined action that is important for social play.
Intellectual benefits: children can potentially develop their vocabularies as they learn to describe sizes, shapes, and positions. Math skills are developed through the process of grouping, adding, and subtracting, particularly with standardized blocks, such as unit blocks. Experiences with gravity, balance, and geometry learned from toy blocks also provide intellectual stimulation.
Creative benefits: children receive creative stimulation by making their own designs with blocks.

Notable types and brands

Unit block is a popular standardized wooden toy block.
Kapla is a wooden block construction toy.
LEGO is a line of popular plastic building toys.
Lincoln Logs is a toy consisting of notched miniature logs.
Stickle bricks is a plastic construction toy primarily intended for toddlers.
Froebel Gifts are a range of educational materials first used in the original Kindergarten.
Montessori sensorial materials are a range of educational materials including wooden blocks.
Tinkertoys consists of rods and wheels.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Category:Toy blocks

References

^ Witold Rybczynski, Looking Around: A Journey Through Architecture, 2006

UpToDate Contents

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1. 慢性二枝ブロックの経過および治療 course and treatment of chronic bifascicular block
2. 第2度房室ブロック：モビッツII型 second degree atrioventricular block mobitz type ii
3. 陰部神経ブロックおよび傍子宮頸管ブロック pudendal and paracervical block
4. 末梢神経ブロック：手技 peripheral nerve block techniques
5. 房室ブロックの原因 etiology of atrioventricular block

English Journal

Hollow capsules prepared from all block copolymer micelle multilayers.

Hong J, Cho J, Char K.SourceIntelligent Hybrids Research Center, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The WCU Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2011 Dec 1;364(1):112-7. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
We introduce a novel and versatile approach for preparing hollow multilayer capsules containing functional hydrophobic components. Protonated polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) and anionic polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) block copolymer micelles (BCM) were used as bu
PMID 21906750

Phase-assisted synthesis and DNA unpacking evaluation of biologically inspired metallo nanocomplexes using peptide as unique building block.

Raman N, Sudharsan S.SourceResearch Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, India.
Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2011 Dec 1;364(1):140-7. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
The goal of nanomaterials' surface modification using a biomaterial is to preserve the materials' bulk properties while modifying only their surface to possess desired recognition and specificity. Here, we have developed a phase-assisted, modified Brust-Schiffrin methodological synthesis of metallo
PMID 21906747

Japanese Journal

メニーコアプロセッサによる進化計算を用いた数独解法の高速化

佐藤裕二,長谷川直広,佐藤未来子,並木美太郎
情報処理学会研究報告. [ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング] 2011-HPC-130(4), 1-7, 2011-07-20
本稿では,数独問題を用いて,メニーコアプロセッサを用いた進化計算並列化により,これまで処理時間の問題から進化計算の適用が検討されなかった問題でも,実用的な時間内で処理できる可能性を示す.精度向上のために遺伝子座間のリンケージを考慮した遺伝的操作を適用し,性能向上のための並列化のモデルとしては,個体数が制限された条件下での初期値依存性対策として,各ストリーミングマルチプロセッサ内で独立に遺伝的アルゴ …
NAID 110008583360