WordNet

the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
『ビタミン』,栄養素(身体の喜常な機能を維持するために少量ながら必要な有機化合物)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/15 13:17:46」(JST)

wiki en

Ariboflavinosis (pronounced "AY-rybo-flayvin-OH-sis") is the medical condition caused by deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B₂). Ariboflavinosis is most often seen in association with protein-energy malnutrition, and also in cases of alcoholism.

It was originally known as pellagra sin pellagra (pellagra without pellagra), as it exhibits certain similarities to the niacin deficiency pellagra.

The United States Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for riboflavin ranges from 1.1 to 1.3 milligrams per day for healthy adults to as high as 1.6 mg/day for pregnant or nursing women.

Causes

The most common cause of ariboflavin deficiency is an inadequate diet; thus, it occurs most frequently in populations consuming limited quantities of riboflavin-containing foods such as meats, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt, leafy green vegetables and whole grains. Riboflavin deficiency can also occur in those with impaired liver function, which prevents proper use of the vitamin. Borderline riboflavin deficiency as a consequence of certain anti-retroviral medications has also been known to cause acute lactic acidosis.

An animal model of riboflavin kinase deficiency has been identified.^[1]

Presentation

The signs and symptoms of riboflavin deficiency typically include sore throat with redness and swelling of the mouth and throat mucosa, cheilosis and angular stomatitis (cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth), glossitis (magenta tongue with atrophy), seborrheic dermatitis or pseudo-syphilis (moist, scaly skin particularly affecting the scrotum or labia majora and the nasolabial folds), and a decreased red blood cell count with normal cell size and hemoglobin content (normochromic normocytic anemia).

Riboflavin deficiency is usually found together with other nutrient deficiencies, particularly of the other water-soluble vitamins. Phototherapy to treat jaundice in infants can cause increased degradation of riboflavin, leading to deficiency if not monitored closely. Persons with chronic alcoholism can have impaired absorption of riboflavin and other vitamins such as thiamine (see Wernicke's encephalopathy).

Studies of the Turkoman people of Iraq, who have a significantly increased incidence of esophageal cancer, have shown some relationship between chronic riboflavin deficiency and the onset of esophageal malignancies.

One study of pregnant women has found that riboflavin-deficient women were 4.7 times more likely to develop preeclampsia,^[2] though the mechanism for this is not known.

Treatment

Treatment involves a diet which includes an adequate amount of riboflavin. In cases related to weakened liver function, intravenous supplementation may be required.

References

^ Yazdanpanah B, Wiegmann K, Tchikov V et al. (August 2009). "Riboflavin kinase couples TNF receptor 1 to NADPH oxidase". Nature 460 (7259): 1159–1163. doi:10.1038/nature08206. PMID 19641494.
^ Wacker J, Frühauf J, Schulz M, Chiwora FM, Volz J, Becker K (2000). "Riboflavin deficiency and preeclampsia". Obstetrics and gynecology 96 (1): 38–44. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(00)00847-4. PMID 10862839.

External links

Riboflavin at the Linus Pauling Institute

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 水溶性ビタミンの概要 overview of water soluble vitamins
2. 疾患予防におけるビタミン補給 vitamin supplementation in disease prevention
3. 小児における後天性末梢性ニューロパチーの概要 overview of acquired peripheral neuropathies in children
4. 持続的なアルコール依存症患者における栄養状態 nutritional status in patients with sustained heavy alcohol use
5. ヘキソースリン酸側路およびグルタチオン代謝疾患（グルコース-6-リン酸脱水素酵素欠損症を除く） disorders of the hexose monophosphate shunt and glutathione metabolism other than glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

English Journal

A case of late-onset riboflavin responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) with a novel mutation in ETFDH gene.

Zhuo Z1, Jin P1, Li F1, Li H1, Chen X1, Wang H2.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2015 Jun 15;353(1-2):84-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.04.011. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
We report a novel mutation in the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (EFTDH) gene in an adolescent Chinese patient with late-onset riboflavin-responsive multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) characterized by muscle weakness as early symptom. At the age of 9years, the patient ex
PMID 25913573

Low intake of calcium and vitamin D, but not zinc, iron or vitamin A, is associated with stunting in 2- to 5-year-old children.

van Stuijvenberg ME1, Nel J2, Schoeman SE3, Lombard CJ4, du Plessis LM5, Dhansay MA6.
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.).Nutrition.2015 Jun;31(6):841-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.011. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study examined the nutritional factors associated with the high levels of stunting in 2- to 5-y-old children in an impoverished South African setting where liver is frequently eaten and vitamin A deficiency known to be absent.METHODS: Children's dietary intake was as
PMID 25933491

Dietary riboflavin deficiency decreases immunity and antioxidant capacity, and changes tight junction proteins and related signaling molecules mRNA expression in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Chen L1, Feng L2, Jiang WD2, Jiang J2, Wu P2, Zhao J1, Kuang SY3, Tang L3, Tang WN3, Zhang YA4, Zhou XQ5, Liu Y6.
Fish & shellfish immunology.Fish Shellfish Immunol.2015 Apr 13;45(2):307-320. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.004. [Epub ahead of print]
This study investigated the effects of dietary riboflavin on the growth, gill immunity, tight junction proteins, antioxidant system and related signaling molecules mRNA expression of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed six diets containing graded levels of riboflavin (0.63-10.0
PMID 25882633

Japanese Journal

Dietary Energy Density Is Inversely Associated with the Diet Quality Indices among Iranian Young Adults

AZADBAKHT Leila,HAGHIGHATDOOST Fahimeh,ESMAILLZADEH Ahmad
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 58(1), 29-35, 2012
… Those in the highest quartile of DED had the lowest value for HEI, MAR, and NAR of zinc, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin B12 and vitamin B2 (p<0.05). … Those in the highest quartile of DED had the highest prevalence of calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, and vitamin C deficiency (p<0.05). …
NAID 130002103060

Blood coagulation-related parameter changes in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats treated with phenobarbital (PB) and PB plus vitamin K

Mochizuki Masahiro,Shimizu Satomi,Kitazawa Takahiro [他],Umeshita Kazuhiko,Goto Ken,Kamata Takashi,Aoki Ayumi,Hatayama Kazuhisa
Journal of toxicological sciences 33(3), 307-314, 2008-08-01
… Effects of dose and duration of phenobarbital (PB) administration and those of co-administration of PB and vitamin K on blood coagulation-related parameters were examined in specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats of Sprague-Dawley strain kept on an ordinary diet. … In Experiment 2, PB administration (100 mg/kg/day) for up to 14 days produced timedependent increases in hepatic cytochrome P450 content and CYP2B (CYP2B1 and CYP2B2) expression. …
NAID 110006862207