外側腹側核
- 関
- ventral anterior nucleus、ventral anterior thalamic nucleus、ventral lateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nuclei、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
WordNet
- lying away from the median and sagittal plane of a body; "lateral lemniscus"
- situated at or extending to the side; "the lateral branches of a tree"; "shot out sidelong boughs"- Tennyson (同)sidelong
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
- comparative of the adverb `late; "he stayed later than you did"
- coming at a subsequent time or stage; "without ulterior argument"; "the mood posterior to" (同)ulterior, posterior
- toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal); "the ventral aspect of the human body"; "the liver is somewhat ventral in position"; "ventral (or pelvic) fins correspond to the hind limbs of a quadruped"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 横の,側面の;横からの / (音声が)側音の / 側面,(道路の)側溝(そっこう) / 側音(英語の[1]など)
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
- 《補語にのみ用いて》(人などが)(…するのが)『もっと遅い』《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (時刻・時期が)『もっと遅い』,もっと後の / 後で,のちほど / (lateの比較級)(定刻・予定時間・他の人(物))より遅れて,遅く
- 腹の,腹部の
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/07 17:06:07」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Brain: Ventral lateral nucleus |
|
Thalamic nuclei:
MNG = Midline nuclear group
AN = Anterior nuclear group
MD = Medial dorsal nucleus
VNG = Ventral nuclear group
VA = Ventral anterior nucleus
VL = Ventral lateral nucleus
VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus
VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus
LNG = Lateral nuclear group
PUL = Pulvinar
MTh = Metathalamus
LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus
MG = Medial geniculate nucleus |
|
| Thalamic nuclei |
| NeuroNames |
hier-320 |
| NeuroLex ID |
birnlex_1237 |
The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus of the thalamus.
|
Contents
- 1 Inputs and outputs
- 2 Functions
- 3 Clinical significance
- 4 Additional images
- 5 References
- 6 External links
|
Inputs and outputs
It receives neuronal inputs from the basal nuclei which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus (via the thalamic fasciculus). It also has inputs from the cerebellum (via the dentatothalamic tract).
It sends neuronal output to the primary motor cortex and premotor cortex.
The ventral lateral nucleus in the thalamus forms the motor functional division in the thalamic nuclei along with the ventral anterior nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus receives motor information from the cerebellum and the globus pallidus. Output from the ventral lateral nucleus then goes to the precentral motor cortex. [1]
Functions
The function of the ventral lateral nucleus is to target efferents including the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex. Therefore, its function helps the coordination and planning of movement. It also plays a role in the learning of movement. [2]
Clinical significance
A lesion of the VL has been associated with synesthesia.[3]
Additional images
References
- ^ Orrison Jr., W. (2008). Atlas of Brain Function. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
- ^ Crosson, B., (1992). Subcortical Functions in Language and Memory. New York: The Guliford Press.
- ^ Ro T, Farnè A, Johnson RM, et al. (2007). "Feeling sounds after a thalamic lesion". Annals of Neurology 62 (5): 433. doi:10.1002/ana.21219. PMID 17893864.
External links
- BrainMaps at UCDavis ventral+lateral+nucleus+of+thalamus
|
Human brain: diencephalon (TA A14.1.08, GA 9.807)
|
|
| Epithalamus |
| Surface |
- Pineal body
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
|
|
| Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
|
|
|
| Thalamus |
| Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
|
|
Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
|
|
| White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
|
|
|
| Hypothalamus |
| Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
|
|
| Grey matter |
| Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
|
|
| Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- magnocellular
- parvocellular
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
|
|
| Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
|
|
|
| White matter |
- afferent
- SN → Medial forebrain bundle
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus → AN, Stria terminalis → Amygdala, Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus → SC
|
|
| Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
|
|
|
| Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
|
|
Ventricular system:
Third ventricle |
- recesses:
- Optic recess
- Infundibular recess
- Suprapineal recess
- Pineal recess
- Hypothalamic sulcus
- Tela chorioidea of third ventricle
- Apertures: Interventricular/Monro
|
|
|
|
anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
|
Sensory/
ascending |
|
PCML
|
1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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|
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Anterolateral/
pain
|
|
Fast/lateral
|
1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° ( Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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|
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Slow/medial
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1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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|
|
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Motor/
descending |
|
Pyramidal
|
flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
|
|
Extrapyramidal
|
flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
|
Basal ganglia
|
direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum
|
|
|
| Cerebellar |
|
Afferent
|
Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
|
|
Efferent
|
Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus
|
|
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar
|
|
Unc. prop.
|
lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
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Reflex arc
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lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° ( Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
|
|
|
anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
|
noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
|
|
|
|
anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
|
noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Amygdala projections to the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the macaque: Comparison with ventral striatal afferents.
- Decampo DM, Fudge JL.SourceDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2013 Oct 1;521(14):3191-216. doi: 10.1002/cne.23340.
- The lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) is involved in mediating anxiety-related behaviors to sustained aversive stimuli. The BSTL forms part of the central extended amygdala, a continuum composed of the BSTL, the amygdala central nucleus, and cell columns running between the two. The
- PMID 23696521
- Conditional viral tracing reveals that steroidogenic factor 1-positive neurons of the dorsomedial subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus project to autonomic centers of the hypothalamus and hindbrain.
- Lindberg D, Chen P, Li C.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2013 Oct 1;521(14):3167-90. doi: 10.1002/cne.23338.
- Excitation of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), especially those residing in the dorsomedial part of the nucleus (VMHdm), evokes sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow, modulating a number of physiological functions including feeding and blood glucose homeostasis. However, the anatom
- PMID 23696474
- Adolescent drinking targets corticotropin-releasing factor peptide-labeled cells in the central amygdala of male and female rats.
- Karanikas CA, Lu YL, Richardson HN.SourceNeuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Sep 26;249:98-105. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.04.024. Epub 2013 Apr 28.
- Adolescence is a developmental period when many teenagers first drink alcohol and often engage in binge drinking. Early onset of alcohol is linked to increased risk of stress-related disorders in adulthood in humans, suggesting that alcohol may interfere with development of the stress regulatory sys
- PMID 23628776
- Axonal branching patterns of ventral pallidal neurons in the rat.
- Tripathi A, Prensa L, Mengual E.SourceDivision of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
- Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2013 Sep;218(5):1133-57. doi: 10.1007/s00429-012-0451-0. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
- The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key component of the cortico-basal ganglia circuits that process motivational and emotional information, and also a crucial site for reward. Although the main targets of the two VP compartments, medial (VPm) and lateral (VPl) have already been established, the collater
- PMID 22932869
Japanese Journal
- Projections of nucleus accumbens adenosine A2A receptor neurons in the mouse brain and their implications in mediating sleep-wake regulation
- Zhang Jian-Ping,Xu Qi,Yuan Xiang-Shan,Cherasse Yoan,Schiffmann Serge N.,de Kerchove d'Exaerde Alban,Qu Wei-Min,Urade Yoshihiro,Lazarus Michael,Huang Zhi-Li,Li Rui-Xi
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy 7, 43, 2013-12
- … Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A) Rs) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the arousal effect of adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine, and may be involved in physiological sleep. … In the forebrain, A(2A) R neurons from all Acb sub-regions jointly projected to the ventral pallidum, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the substantia innominata. …
- NAID 120005367979
- 顎顔面の運動神経細胞の脳内分布，および味覚の神経回路
- 植村 正憲,薗村 貴弘,岩井 治樹,山中 淳之,ウエムラ マサノリ,ソノムラ タカヒロ,イワイ ハルキ,ヤマナカ アツユキ,Uemura Masanori,Sonomura Takahiro,Iwai Haruki,Yamanaka Atsuyuki
- 鹿児島大学歯学部紀要 33, 3-17, 2013-03-26
- … In the relationships, the comparative anatomical investigations of many mammals generally shown as follow: A lateral-medial arrangements of the mononeurons in the trigeminal motor nucleus, the facial nucleus, and the hypoglossal nucleus somatotopically corresponded to lateral-medial position in the masticatory muscles, anterior-posterior in the facial mimetic muscles, and medial-lateral in the lingual muscles. …
- NAID 120005324755
- Pathophysiology of unilateral asterixis due to thalamic lesion.
- Inoue Manabu,Kojima Yasuhiro,Mima Tatsuya,Sawamoto Nobukatsu,Matsuhashi Masao,Fumuro Tomoyuki,Kinboshi Masato,Koganemaru Satoko,Kanda Masutarou,Shibasaki Hiroshi
- Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 123(9), 1858-1864, 2012-09
- … [Methods]:Two cases with unilateral asterixis caused by an infarction in the lateral thalamus were studied by analysing the asterixis-related cortical activities, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for motor cortex excitability and probabilistic diffusion tractography for the thalamo-cortical connectivity. …
- NAID 120004873783
- 山本 隆
- 日本顎口腔機能学会雑誌 18(2), 107-114, 2012
- 味覚には，甘い・苦いといった味の質の認知的な分析の側面と，おいしい・まずいといった情動性の側面がある．日常の食卓では複雑な味の組み合わせから成る料理を味わうのであるが，その際，味の詳細な分析は難しくても，おいしい・まずいの判断はただちに行うことができる．口からの味覚情報は大脳皮質の第一次味覚野に送られ，味の質や強さの認知的識別がなされる．第一次味覚野からの情報は２つのルートに分かれて脳内を流れる． …
- NAID 130004547516
Related Links
- The ventral lateral nucleus in the thalamus forms the motor functional division in the thalamic nuclei along with the ventral anterior nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus receives motor information from the cerebellum and the globus pallidus.
- VL = Ventral lateral nucleus. VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus. VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus. LNG = Lateral nuclear group. PUL = Pulvinar MTh = Metathalamus LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus. MG = Medial geniculate nucleus.
- VL = Ventral lateral nucleus ... The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is a nucleus of the thalamus. Together with the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI) and ventromedial posterior nucleus (VMpo ), ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- anterolateral ventral nucleus (KL), VA核, anteroventral nucleus, VA
- 関
- ventral anterior thalamic nucleus、ventral lateral nucleus、ventral lateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nuclei、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
- 視床腹側前核
[★]
視床腹側核
- 関
- ventral anterior nucleus、ventral anterior thalamic nucleus、ventral lateral nucleus、ventral lateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nucleus、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
[★]
視床前腹側核
- 関
- anteroventral thalamic nucleus、ventral anterior nucleus、ventral lateral nucleus、ventral lateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nuclei、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
[★]
視床外側腹側核
- 関
- ventral anterior nucleus、ventral anterior thalamic nucleus、ventral lateral nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nuclei、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
[★]
後内側腹側核
- 関
- ventral anterior nucleus、ventral anterior thalamic nucleus、ventral lateral nucleus、ventral lateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posterior nucleus、ventral posterior thalamic nucleus、ventral posterolateral nucleus、ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus、ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus、ventral thalamic nuclei、ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
[★]
- 関
- aspect、external、externally、flanking、laterale、lateralis、laterally、outer、outside、profile、side、sided、sidedness
[★]
- 関
- abdomen、abdominal、abdominis、belly、ventrad、ventrally
[★]
- 同
- Deiters
- 同
- Deiters