WordNet

do over; "They would like to take it over again" (同)take_over
an event that repeats; "the events today were a repeat of yesterdays" (同)repetition
to say again or imitate; "followers echoing the cries of their leaders" (同)echo
to say, state, or perform again; "She kept reiterating her request" (同)reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell
a function expressed as a sum or product of terms; "the expansion of (a+b)^2 is a^2 + 2ab + b^2"
the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope (同)enlargement
adding information or detail (同)expanding upon
a discussion that provides additional information (同)enlargement, elaboration

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈自分がすでに一度言ったこと)‘を'『繰り返して言う』 / 〈他人の言ったこと〉‘を'おうむ返しに言う;…‘を'他の人に繰り返して言う / …‘を'『暗記して言う』,暗唱する / …‘を'繰り返して行う(do again) / (食べたあとで)〈食物の〉味が残る / 〈小数が〉循環する / 繰り返すこと,反復すること / 繰り返されるもの,(公演の)再演;(番組の)再放送 / 反復楽節;反復記号(∥: :∥)
〈U〉『拡大』,『拡張』;展開 / 〈C〉拡大(拡張)されたもの / 〈U〉〈C〉(数字で)展開[式]
繰り返して言われる(行われる)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/20 15:22:56」(JST)

wiki en

Trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These are labelled in dynamical genetics as dynamic mutations.^[1] Triplet expansion is caused by slippage during DNA replication, also known as "copy choice" DNA replication. ^[2] Due to the repetitive nature of the DNA sequence in these regions, 'loop out' structures may form during DNA replication while maintaining complementary base pairing between the parent strand and daughter strand being synthesized. If the loop out structure is formed from the sequence on the daughter strand this will result in an increase in the number of repeats. However, if the loop out structure is formed on the parent strand, a decrease in the number of repeats occurs. It appears that expansion of these repeats is more common than reduction. Generally, the larger the expansion the more likely they are to cause disease or increase the severity of disease. Other proposed mechanisms for expansion and reduction involve the interaction of RNA and DNA molecules.^[3]

The number of trinucleotide repeats appears to predict the progression, severity, and age of onset of Huntington's disease and similar trinucleotide repeat disorders.^[4]

References

^ Richards RI, Sutherland GR (1997). "Dynamic mutation: possible mechanisms and significance in human disease". Trends Biochem. Sci. 22 (11): 432–6. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01108-0. PMID 9397685.
^ Salinas-Rios V, Belotserkovskii BP, Hanawalt PC (2011). "DNA slip-outs cause RNA polymerase II arrest in vitro: potential implications for genetic instability". Nucleic Acids Res. 39 (15): 1–11. doi:10.1093/nar/gkr429. PMC 3177194. PMID 21666257.
^ McIvor EI, Polak U, Napierala M (2010). "New insights into repeat instability: Role of RNA•DNA hybrids". RNA Biol. 7 (5): 551–8. doi:10.4161/rna.7.5.12745. PMC 3073251. PMID 20729633.
^ News Release, Weizmann Institute of Science, "Scientists at the Weizmann Institute, using computer simulations, have provided an explanation as to why certain genetic diseases caused by repeats in the code are “genetic time-bombs” whose onset and progression can be accurately predicted," November 21, 2007, at http://80.70.129.162/site/en/weizman.asp?pi=371&doc_id=5042. Retrieved on 2007-12-30.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 脆弱X症候群：小児および思春期における臨床的特徴および診断 fragile x syndrome clinical features and diagnosis in children and adolescents
2. ハンチントン病：遺伝学と病因 huntington disease genetics and pathogenesis
3. 脊髄小脳変性症 the spinocerebellar ataxias
4. ハンチントン病：臨床的特徴および診断 huntington disease clinical features and diagnosis
5. 遺伝性疾患の基本原則 basic principles of genetic disease

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