WordNet

be a substitute; "The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague"; "The skim milk substitutes for cream--we are on a strict diet" (同)sub, stand in, fill_in
a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another (同)replacement
an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced (同)reserve, second-stringer
act as a substitute; "She stood in for the soprano who suffered from a cold" (同)deputize, deputise, step in
put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; "the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt"; "substitute regular milk with fat-free milk"; "synonyms can be interchanged without a changing the contexts meaning" (同)replace, interchange, exchange
a bag that fills with air
a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas) (同)vesica

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『代りをする人(物)』,補欠(選手など),代用品《+for+名》 / …‘を'(…の)『代りに用いる』《+名+for+名》 / (…の)『代りをする』《+for+名》
(人間・動物の)襄(のう),ぼうこう,(魚の)浮き袋;気胞　嚢に似た物

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1. 外傷性および医原性の膀胱損傷traumatic and iatrogenic bladder injury [show details]
… retrograde urethrogram is not a substitute for cystography, which must be done to evaluate the bladder. Retrograde cystography is performed by passively filling the bladder with water-soluble contrast media …
2. 小児における低体温：臨床症状および診断hypothermia in children clinical manifestations and diagnosis [show details]
…then, they may still lag significantly behind true core body temperature. A better substitute is an indwelling bladder temperature probe, which also enables ongoing monitoring. In patients with a secured …
3. 膀胱癌のスクリーニングscreening for bladder cancer [show details]
…Overviews of management of bladder cancer are presented separately. Worldwide, there are over 500,000 cases of bladder cancer and almost 200,000 deaths related to bladder cancer each year . There …
4. 非尿路上皮膀胱癌non urothelial bladder cancer [show details]
… the bladders, ureter, or renal pelvis. Pre-cystectomy radiation therapy (RT) may have a role in schistosomal bladder cancer, but it is not part of the standard treatment approach for other bladder tumors …
5. 筋層浸潤性尿路上皮膀胱癌に対する膀胱温存療法の選択肢bladder preservation treatment options for muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer [show details]
…functioning bladder in well-selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who are either poor candidates for radical cystectomy or patients who are motivated to maintain their native bladder. This combined-modality …

English Journal

Japanese Journal

回腸代用膀胱輸入脚狭窄により腎後性腎不全を発症した1例

森山由貴子,猪口淳一,秋武正和,塩田真己,立神勝則,横溝晃,江藤正俊
西日本泌尿器科 = The Nishinihon journal of urology 80(2), 56-61, 2018-02
NAID 40021469599

同一術者による初期子宮体癌に対する腹腔鏡下子宮悪性腫瘍手術の治療経験―合併症およびLearning Curve の検討

澤田健二郎,小林栄仁,瀧内剛,小玉美智子,橋本香映,吉野潔,木村正
日本産科婦人科内視鏡学会雑誌 34(1), 102-107, 2018
… In case 13, bladder muscles were injured during the dissection of the left vesicouterine ligament and the injury was successfully repaired laparoscopically. … Once skills are acquired, surgeons can substitute laparoscopic for laparotomic procedures. …
NAID 130007402335

原因不明の女子尿道狭窄症に対し,虫垂を用いた自己導尿型尿路変向を施行した1例

砂田拓郎,上戸賢,濱田彬弘,加藤敬司,植月祐次,川西博晃,奥村和弘
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 62(9), 479-482, 2016-09
… Three years later, there was no difficulty with catheterization through the appendix, despite her suffering from a bladder stone during the interim. … We consider the Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy a good substitute technique for catheterization in patients with very severe urethral stricture. …
NAID 120005853236