WordNet

the act of changing the location of something; "the movement of cargo onto the vessel"
the driving and regulating parts of a mechanism (as of a watch or clock); "it was an expensive watch with a diamond movement"
a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something (同)motion
a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals; "he was a charter member of the movement"; "politicians have to respect a mass movement"; "he led the national liberation front" (同)social movement, front
a major self-contained part of a symphony or sonata; "the second movement is slow and melodic"
bring disorder to (同)disarray
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time" (同)upset
a disturbance of the peace or of public order
not arranged in order (同)unordered

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(…の)『運動』,『動き』;移動《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉動作,身振り / 〈C〉《複数形で》行動,活動 / 〈C〉(…に向かう)(事熊の)成り行き,動向《+『toward』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(目標を達成するための一群の人たちの)運動 / 〈C〉(賛団の)移動,移住;(人口の)異動《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉楽章 / 〈C〉(時計などの)機械装置,動く仕掛け
〈U〉『無秩序』,混乱,乱雑(confusion) / 《しばしば複数形で》(社会的・政治的な)粉争,騒動 / 〈C〉(肉体的・精神的な)不調,異常,障害 / …‘の'秩序を乱す / 〈心身〉‘に'異常を起こさせる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/25 14:48:14」(JST)

wiki en

Stereotypic movement disorder (SMD) is a motor disorder with onset in childhood involving repetitive, nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g., hand waving or head banging), that markedly interferes with normal activities or results in bodily injury.^[1] The behavior must not be due to the direct effects of a substance or another medical condition.^[1] The cause of this disorder is not known.^[2]

Classification

Stereotypic movement disorder is classified in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a motor disorder, in the category of neurodevelopmental disorders.^[1]

Signs and symptoms

Common repetitive movements of SMD include head banging, arm waving, hand shaking, rocking and rhythmic movements, self-biting, self-hitting, skin-picking;^[1] other stereotypies are thumb-sucking, nail biting, trichotillomania, bruxism and abnormal running or skipping.^[3]

Diagnosis

Stereotyped movements are common in infants and young children; if the child is not distressed by movements and daily activities are not impaired, diagnosis is not warranted.^[1] When stereotyped behaviors cause significant impairment in functioning, an evaluation for stereotypic movement disorder is warranted. There are no specific tests for diagnosing this disorder, although some tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions. SMD may occur with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, intellectual disability, and fetal alcohol exposure or as a result of amphetamine intoxication.^[1]

When diagnosing Stereotypic movement disorder, DSM-5 calls for specification of:

with or without self-injurious behavior;
association with another known medical condition or environmental factor;
severity (mild, moderate or severe).^[1]

Differential diagnosis

Other conditions which feature repetitive behaviors in the differential diagnosis include autism spectrum disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, tic disorders (e.g., Tourette syndrome), and other conditions including dyskinesias.^[1]

Stereotypic movement disorder is often misdiagnosed as tics or Tourette syndrome (TS).^[4]^[5] Unlike the tics of TS, which tend to appear around age six or seven, repetitive movements typically start before age three,^[1]^[6] are more bilateral than tics, and consist of intense patterns of movement for longer runs than tics. Tics are less likely to be stimulated by excitement. Children with stereotypic movement disorder do not always report being bothered by the movements as a child with tics might.^[4]^[6]

Treatment

There is no consistently effective medication for SMD, and there is little evidence for any effective treatment.^[4] In non-autistic or "typically developing children", habit reversal training may be useful.^[4] No treatment is an option when movements are not interfering with daily life.^[3]

Prognosis

Prognosis depends on the severity of the disorder. Recognizing symptoms early can help reduce the risk of self-injury, which can be lessened with medications. Stereotypic movement disorder due to head trauma may be permanent.^[2]

Epidemiology

Although not necessary for the diagnosis, individuals with intellectual disability are at higher risk for SMD.^[1] It is more common in boys,^[2] and can occur at any age.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 77–80. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Stereotypic movement disorder". MedlinePlus. June 15, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Ellis CR, Pataki C. "Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder". Medscape. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Singer HS. Motor stereotypies (PDF). Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2009 Jun;16(2):77–81. PMID 19501335 doi:10.1016/j.spen.2009.03.008
^ Ellis CR, Pataki C. "Background: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder". Medscape. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Freeman, R (December 10, 2010). "Tourette's Syndrome: minimizing confusion". Retrieved October 6, 2013. A blog by Roger Freeman, MD, clinical head of the Neuropsychiatry Clinic, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, professional advisory board member of the Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada, and former member of the Tourette Syndrome Association Medical Advisory Board.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児における運動過多な運動障害 hyperkinetic movement disorders in children
2. 心因性不随意運動 psychogenic movement disorders
3. 小児における非てんかん性発作性疾患 nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders in children
4. 小児における夢遊およびその他の錯眠 sleepwalking and other parasomnias in children
5. 統合失調症に対するクロザピン投与のガイドライン guidelines for prescribing clozapine in schizophrenia

English Journal

Differential diagnoses of nocturnal fear and movement paroxysm: a case report.

Weber P, Jüngling F, Datta AN.SourceDivision Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Basel, Spitalstr. 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Peter.Weber@ukbb.ch
European journal of pediatrics.Eur J Pediatr.2012 Sep;171(9):1309-15. doi: 10.1007/s00431-012-1718-4. Epub 2012 Mar 31.
Recurrent nocturnal behavioural and movement paroxysms are a diagnostic challenge for the clinical pediatrician. We report on an adolescent girl who presents recurrent stereotypical nightmare-like episodes occurring during non-REM sleep stages 1-2 (N1 and N2). We discuss the differential diagnoses b
PMID 22466609

Kata techniques training consistently decreases stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Bahrami F, Movahedi A, Marandi SM, Abedi A.SourceCollege of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib Street, Isfahan, Iran. fbahrami20@yahoo.com
Research in developmental disabilities.Res Dev Disabil.2012 Jul-Aug;33(4):1183-93. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
The effects of 14 weeks of Kata techniques training on stereotypic behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated. The study included 30 eligible (diagnosed ASD, school age) children with ages ranging from 5 to 16 years whom they assigned to an exercise (n=15) or a no-e
PMID 22502844

Japanese Journal

常同運動障害を持つ幼児への心理社会的援助-児童養護施設での取り組み-

安田勉
尚絅学院大学紀要 (59), 135-146, 2010-07-00
NAID 110007614621

レット症候群に関する全国調査 : 養護学校の調査を通して

中畑一利,藤田継道
特殊教育学研究 32(3), 33-39, 1994-11-30
レット症候群は、1966年に、Rettによって、最初に報告され、1983年、Hagbergらにより、一疾患単位として確立されて以来、多くの研究報告が見られるようになった。我が国においては、1984年のNomuraら、1985年の鈴木らによって、レット症候群の症例が詳細に報告されてから、多くの医学的な症例報告が見られるようになったが、教育的な視点からの事例報告は少ない。そこで、教育現場でのレット症候 …
NAID 110006784940