WordNet

of your secondary field of academic concentration or specialization
limited in size or scope; "a small business"; "a newspaper with a modest circulation"; "small-scale plans"; "a pocket-size country" (同)modest, small, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized
not of legal age; "minor children" (同)nonaged, underage
warranting only temporal punishment; "venial sin" (同)venial
inferior in number or size or amount; "a minor share of the profits"; "Ursa Minor"
lesser in scope or effect; "had minor differences"; "a minor disturbance"
of a scale or mode; "the minor keys"; "in B flat minor"
of lesser importance or stature or rank; "a minor poet"; "had a minor part in the play"; "a minor official"; "many of these hardy adventurers were minor noblemen"; "minor back roads"
of lesser seriousness or danger; "suffered only minor injuries"; "some minor flooding"; "a minor tropical disturbance"
of the younger of two boys with the same family name; "Jones minor"
any age prior to the legal age (同)nonage
being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts; "when the vote was taken they were in the minority"; "he held a minority position"
a group of people who differ racially or politically from a larger group of which it is a part
give numbers to; "You should number the pages of the thesis"
place a limit on the number of (同)keep_down
a concept of quantity involving zero and units; "every number has a unique position in the sequence"
the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals; "he had a number of chores to do"; "the number of parameters is small"; "the figure was about a thousand" (同)figure
a clothing measurement; "a number 13 shoe"
an item of merchandise offered for sale; "she preferred the black nylon number"; "this sweater is an all-wool number"
a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification; "she refused to give them her Social Security number" (同)identification number
a select company of people; "I hope to become one of their number before I die"
the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural); "in English the subject and the verb must agree in number"
enumerate; "We must number the names of the great mathematicians" (同)list
slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope; "a series of death struggles with small time in between"
a garment size for a small person
the slender part of the back
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; "a little dining room"; "a little house"; "a small car"; "a little (or small) group" (同)little
have fine or very small constituent particles; "a small misty rain"
on a small scale; "think small"
so frightened as to be unable to move; stunned or paralyzed with terror; petrified; "too numb with fear to move"
make numb or insensitive; "The shock numbed her senses" (同)benumb, blunt, dull

PrepTutorEJDIC

『小さいほうの,少ない』 / (階級・地位・重要性などが)『劣ったほうの』,重要でない / 重大ではない / 未成年の / (音楽で)短調の / 未成年者 / (大学の科目・課程の)副専攻科目 / (音楽で)短調 / 《the minors》《米》=minor league
〈C〉《単数形で》(ある集団または全体を構成する,多数に対する)『少数』,(過半数に対する)半数以下 / (またminority group)〈C〉(人種・宗教・政治の点で)『少数派』,少数グループ,少数民族 / 〈U〉未成年;未成年期
〈U〉〈C〉(数えて得られる)『数,数量』 / 〈C〉(概念としての)『数,数字』 / 〈C〉『番号』 / 〈C〉(演奏会や演劇の)番組,出し物;曲目 / 〈C〉(雑誌の)号 / 〈U〉(文法で)数(すう) / 《複数形で》数の上の優勢 / 《複数形で》算数 / 〈C〉《単数形で》《話》(商品としての)洋服の1点;商品,売り物 / 〈C〉《単随形で》《俗》女の子 / …‘を'数える / (…の中に,…として)…‘を'含める,加える《+『among』(『with, as』)+『名』》 / …‘に'番号をつける / …‘の'数となる / 《しばしば受動態で》…‘の'数を制限する / 総計(…に)なる《+『in』+『名』〈数〉》
(大きさが)『小さい』,小形の;(量が)『少ない』,わずかな / 『取るに足りない』,ささいな(trivial) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(仕事・活動などが)『小規模の』,ささやかな / 心が狭い,利己的な / (音・声が)弱い,小さい / (文字が)小型の,小文字の / 《the~》小さいもの;(…の)細い部分《+『of』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》《英》(衣類・ハンカチなどの)小物,小間物 / 小さく,細かく / (声などが)低く,弱く / 小規模に,こぢんまりと
麻痺(まひ)した,感覚を失った,しびれた / …‘の'感覚を失わせる,‘を'しびれさせる
数学,数学 / (人員などの)数の優勢 / 《米》《the~》=numbers game / 《古》詞句,韻文

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/17 11:58:09」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Within a set positive numbers, a number is small if it is close to zero. A number is smaller if it is less than another number.

Within a set of positive and negative numbers there is ambiguity, because being closer to zero does not correspond to being less, but to being less in absolute value. Depending on context a negative number may be called "smaller" if it is closer to zero, or if it is more negative.

This article deals with positive numbers, and is also applicable to negative numbers by taking the absolute value.

Small numbers are numbers that are small compared with the numbers used in everyday life. Very small numbers often occur in fields such as chemistry, electronics and quantum physics.

Fractions[edit]

As soon as systems of weights and measures were devised, units were subdivided into smaller units: pounds were divided into ounces, pounds into shillings and pence. Beyond the smallest units, there was a need to use vulgar fractions to represent even smaller quantities. In systems such as the degrees-minutes-seconds system, it is possible to represent one second of arc, equal to

of a circle.

Tiny numbers in science[edit]

Even smaller numbers are often found in science, which are so small that they are not easily dealt with using fractions. Scientific notation was created to handle very small and very large numbers.

Examples of small numbers describing everyday real-world objects are:

size of a bit on a computer hard disk
feature size of a structure on a microprocessor chip
wavelength of green light: 5.5 × 10^-7 m
period of a 100 MHz FM radio wave: 1 × 10^-8 s
time taken by light to travel one meter: roughly 3 × 10^-9 s
radius of a hydrogen atom: 2.5 × 10^-11 m
the charge on an electron: roughly 1.6 × 10^-19 C (negative)

Other small numbers are found in particle physics and quantum physics:

size of the atomic nucleus of a lead atom: 7.1 × 10^-15 m
the Planck length: 1.6 × 10^-35 m

Extremely small numbers[edit]

Extremely small numbers can be described through their reciprocal, an extremely large number. The notation is similar, with a minus sign at the first level of exponents, e.g.

Infinitesimals[edit]

Although all these numbers above are very small, they are all still real numbers greater than zero. Some fields of mathematics define infinitesimal numbers. An infinitesimal is a number greater than zero yet smaller than any positive real number.

Infinitesimal numbers were originally developed to create the differential and integral calculus, but were replaced by systems using limits when they were shown to lack theoretical rigor. More recent work has restored rigor to infinitesimals, making them once more a legitimate mathematical topic (see non-standard analysis).

Systems of infinitesimals can be generated in the same way as systems of transfinite numbers can be generated. Some mathematical systems such as surreal numbers and hyperreal numbers generate elaborate systems of infinitesimals with amazing properties.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小腸腫瘍の疫学、臨床的特徴、および種類 epidemiology clinical features and types of small bowel neoplasms
2. 膀胱小細胞癌 small cell carcinoma of the bladder
3. 小腸腫瘍の治療 treatment of small bowel neoplasms
4. 成人における機械的小腸閉塞の疫学、臨床的特徴、および診断 epidemiology clinical features and diagnosis of mechanical small bowel obstruction in adults
5. 限局期の小細胞肺癌初期治療における化学放射線療法 chemoradiotherapy in the initial treatment of limited stage small cell lung cancer

English Journal

Please turn off the lights: The effectiveness of visual prompts.

Sussman R, Gifford R.SourceDepartment of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2012 May;43(3):596-603. Epub 2011 Oct 1.
Two early studies showed that visual prompts can be effectively used to encourage people to turn off the lights in unoccupied classrooms, but they were methodologically limited. The current study used an ABAB-B design with an 11-week follow-up to investigate whether two different visual prompts (lar
PMID 21963251

Technological and probiotic role of adjunct cultures of non-starter lactobacilli in soft cheeses.

Burns P, Cuffia F, Milesi M, Vinderola G, Meinardi C, Sabbag N, Hynes E.SourceInstituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe (3000), Argentina.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2012 May;30(1):45-50. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
The influence of two cheese-isolated Lactobacillus strains on cheese composition, acceptability and probiotic capacity was assessed. Soft cheeses with and without the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum I91 or Lactobacillus paracasei I90 were prepared. Gross composition was assessed and secondary pr
PMID 22265282

Japanese Journal

Measurements of liquid film and droplets of annular two-phase flow on a rod-bundle geometry with spacer

Pham Son H.,Kawara Zensaku,Yokomine Takehiko,Kunugi Tomoaki
International Journal of Multiphase Flow 70, 35-57, 2015-04
… In the case of lower gas flow rates, the spacer generates not only a large number of small droplets but also big droplets whose size exceeds the maximum droplet diameter at upstream. …
NAID 120005530938

Detection of Cheating by Decimation Algorithm

Yamanaka Shogo,Ohzeki Masayuki,Decelle Aurélien
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 84(2), 2015-02-15
… In this paper we aim to infer the correct biases and interactions of our model by considering a relatively small number of sets of training data. … Nevertheless, the greedy algorithm that we employed in the present study exhibits good performance with a few number of training data. …
NAID 120005530944

柔軟な経路表に基づく二次元平面上の構造化オーバレイ

北條真史,長尾洋也,宮尾武裕,首藤一幸
情報処理学会論文誌 56(2), 439-447, 2015-02-15
センサが構成する無線メッシュネットワークなどにおいてメッセージ配送やデータ収集を行うためには,ノード群でオーバレイネットワークを構築することが有望である.地理的な近接性を考慮したルーティングや範囲問合せを行うためには,ノード位置に基づいたオーバレイネットワークの構築が必要となる.ノード位置をIDとして用いる場合,ルーティングの方式には,ノード位置すなわちIDに偏りがあっても経路長を短く抑えることが …
NAID 110009877360