WordNet

be a substitute; "The young teacher had to substitute for the sick colleague"; "The skim milk substitutes for cream--we are on a strict diet" (同)sub, stand in, fill_in
a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another (同)replacement
an athlete who plays only when a starter on the team is replaced (同)reserve, second-stringer
act as a substitute; "She stood in for the soprano who suffered from a cold" (同)deputize, deputise, step in
put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items; "the con artist replaced the original with a fake Rembrandt"; "substitute regular milk with fat-free milk"; "synonyms can be interchanged without a changing the contexts meaning" (同)replace, interchange, exchange
bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of; "The boy skinned his knee when he fell" (同)scrape
a persons skin regarded as their life; "he tried to save his skin"
a bag serving as a container for liquids; it is made from the hide of an animal
an outer surface (usually thin); "the skin of an airplane"
a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body" (同)tegument, cutis
strip the skin off; "pare apples" (同)peel, pare
move along on skis; "We love to ski the Rockies"; "My children dont ski"
narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow
a sport in which participants must travel on skis

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『代りをする人(物)』,補欠(選手など),代用品《+for+名》 / …‘を'(…の)『代りに用いる』《+名+for+名》 / (…の)『代りをする』《+for+名》
〈U〉〈C〉(人・動物の)『皮膚』,肌 / 〈C〉〈U〉(動物からはいだ)『皮』,『毛皮』;皮製品,皮袋 / 〈C〉(果物・野菜の)皮 / 〈U〉〈C〉(液体の表面にできる)薄い膜,上皮 / 〈C〉(枠組み・表面などを覆う)外皮,外被,外板 / 〈動物・果物など〉‘の'皮をはぐ(むく) / 〈手・脚など〉‘を'擦りむく / 《話》(金などを)〈人〉‘から'巻き上げる《+『名』〈人〉+『of』+『名』》 / 〈傷口などが〉皮で覆われる《+『over』》
『スキー』 / 『スキーで滑走する』 / …‘を'スキーで滑る / スキーの,スキー用の
(スポーツとしての)『スキー』;スキー術

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In vitro characterization of a chitosan skin regenerating template as a scaffold for cells cultivation.

Hilmi AB, Halim AS, Hassan A, Lim CK, Noorsal K, Zainol I.SourceReconstructive Sciences Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
SpringerPlus.Springerplus.2013 Dec;2(1):79. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
Chitosan is a marine-derived product that has been widely used in clinical applications, especially in skin reconstruction. The mammalian scaffolds derived from bovine and porcine material have many limitations, for example, prion transmission and religious concerns. Therefore, we created a chitosan
PMID 23503998

Shah N, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Park JK.SourceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2013 Nov 6;98(2):1585-98. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.018. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has received substantial interest owing to its unique structural features and impressive physico-mechanical properties. BC has a variety of applications in biomedical fields, including use as biomaterial for artificial skin, artificial blood vessels, vascular grafts, scaffol
PMID 24053844

An interstitial deletion of 8q23.3-q24.22 associated with Langer-Giedion syndrome, Cornelia de Lange syndrome and epilepsy.

Chen CP, Lin SP, Liu YP, Chern SR, Wu PS, Su JW, Chen YT, Lee CC, Wang W.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: cpc_mmh@yahoo.com.
Gene.Gene.2013 Oct 15;529(1):176-180. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.045. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
We present a 19-year-old male with laxity of skin and joints, sparse scalp hair, facial dysmorphism, epilepsy, multiple exostoses, scoliosis, gastroesophageal reflux, cardiovascular defects, and an 8q23.3-q24.22 deletion detected by array comparative genomic hybridization. The patient was previously
PMID 23933416

Treatment of intractable skin ulcers caused by vascular insufficiency with allogeneic cultured dermal substitute : a report of eight cases

TANIGUCHI Tomonori,AMOH Yasuyuki,TANABE Kenichi,KATSUOKA Kensei,KUROYANAGI Yoshimitsu
Journal of artificial organs : the official journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs 15(1), 77-82, 2012-03-01
NAID 10030563472

金澤成典,吉野邦俊,藤井隆,上村裕和,栗田智之,鈴木基之
頭頸部外科 22(3), 303-310, 2012
1995～2008年の間に当科で手術を受けた喉摘者の代用音声・発声教室への参加状況・食生活についての現状を把握するため，アンケート調査を行った。有効回答数は158例であった。代用音声における食道発声の占める比率は37%であり，当科での過去の報告（63%）と比べその比率は低下していた。その要因として下咽頭癌症例増加により喉頭摘出症例の切除範囲の広範囲化，年齢層の高齢化などが考えられた。下咽頭癌の再建 …
NAID 130003373788

武内博幸,間野陽子,寺坂修一 [他],SAKURAI Takanobu,FURUYA Atsushi,URANO Hidetoshi,SUGIBAYASHI Kenji
Experimental animals 60(4), 373-384, 2011-07-01
… The purpose of this study was to clarify whether SD rat skin can be used to predict human skin permeability. … In vitro permeation studies of the three model drugs, nicorandil, isosorbide dinitrate, and flurbiprofen, through human skin and SD rat skin were performed using Franz-type diffusion cells. …
NAID 10029550710