secondary sexual characteristics

二次性徴

WordNet

  1. not of major importance; "played a secondary role in world events"
  2. the defensive football players who line up behind the linemen
  3. being of second rank or importance or value; not direct or immediate; "the stone will be hauled to a secondary crusher"; "a secondary source"; "a secondary issue"; "secondary streams"
  4. belonging to a lower class or rank
  5. depending on or incidental to what is original or primary; "a secondary infection"
  6. typical or distinctive; "heard my friends characteristic laugh"; "red and gold are the characteristic colors of autumn"; "stripes characteristic of the zebra"
  7. any measurable property of a device measured under closely specified conditions (同)device characteristic
  8. a distinguishing quality
  9. the integer part (positive or negative) of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the characteristic is 2
  10. of or relating to or characterized by sexuality; "sexual orientation"; "sexual distinctions"
  11. having or involving sex; "sexual reproduction"; "sexual spores"

PrepTutorEJDIC

  1. 『第2の』,2番目の;(…の)次の《+『to』+『名』》 / 派生的な,二次的な,あまり重要でない / 中等学校[教育]の / 二次電流の
  2. 『特有の』,独特の / 『特性』,特色,特微
  3. 性の,男女(雌雄)の / 有性生殖の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/25 14:56:33」(JST)

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English Journal

  • Cross-sectional study of HPV-16 infection in a population-based subsample of Hispanic adults.
  • Ortiz AP1, Unger ER, Muñoz C, Panicker G, Tortolero-Luna G, Soto-Salgado M, Otero Y, Suárez E, Pérez CM.Author information 1Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico.AbstractOBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of seropositivity to human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 in a subsample of adults who participated in the parent study Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in the adult population of Puerto Rico (PR).
  • BMJ open.BMJ Open.2014 Feb 4;4(2):e004203. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004203.
  • OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of seropositivity to human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 in a subsample of adults who participated in the parent study Epidemiology of Hepatitis C in the adult population of Puerto Rico (PR).SETTING: The parent study was a population-ba
  • PMID 24496698
  • Bmp7 and lef1 are the downstream effectors of androgen signaling in androgen-induced sex characteristics development in medaka.
  • Ogino Y1, Hirakawa I, Inohaya K, Sumiya E, Miyagawa S, Denslow N, Yamada G, Tatarazako N, Iguchi T.Author information 1Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (Y.O., I.H., E.S., S.M., T.I.), National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, and Department of Basic Biology (Y.O., I.H., E.S., S.M., T.I.), Faculty of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Biological Information (K.I.), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences (N.D.), Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611; Department of Developmental Genetics (G.Y.), Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan; and National Institute for Environmental Studies (N.T.), Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.AbstractAndrogens play key roles in the morphological specification of male type sex attractive and reproductive organs, whereas little is known about the developmental mechanisms of such secondary sex characters. Medaka offers a clue about sexual differentiation. They show a prominent masculine sexual character for appendage development, the formation of papillary processes in the anal fin, which has been induced in females by exogenous androgen exposure. This current study shows that the development of papillary processes is promoted by androgen-dependent augmentation of bone morphogenic protein 7 (Bmp7) and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (Lef1). Androgen receptor (AR) subtypes, ARα and ARβ, are expressed in the distal region of outgrowing bone nodules of developing papillary processes. Development of papillary processes concomitant with the induction of Bmp7 and Lef1 in the distal bone nodules by exposure to methyltestosterone was significantly suppressed by an antiandrogen, flutamide, in female medaka. When Bmp signaling was inhibited in methyltestosterone-exposed females by its inhibitor, dorsomorphin, Lef1 expression was suppressed accompanied by reduced proliferation in the distal bone nodules and retarded bone deposition. These observations indicate that androgen-dependent expressions of Bmp7 and Lef1 are required for the bone nodule outgrowth leading to the formation of these secondary sex characteristics in medaka. The formation of androgen-induced papillary processes may provide insights into the mechanisms regulating the specification of sexual features in vertebrates.
  • Endocrinology.Endocrinology.2014 Feb;155(2):449-62. doi: 10.1210/en.2013-1507. Epub 2013 Nov 18.
  • Androgens play key roles in the morphological specification of male type sex attractive and reproductive organs, whereas little is known about the developmental mechanisms of such secondary sex characters. Medaka offers a clue about sexual differentiation. They show a prominent masculine sexual char
  • PMID 24248458
  • Fish biomarkers for regulatory identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
  • Dang Z.Author information National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: zhichao.dang@rivm.nl.AbstractDemonstrating chemical-induced adverse effects, endocrine mechanisms/modes of action (MOAs) and their causal link is needed for regulatory identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This paper addresses critical issues over MOAs and their causal link to changes in endpoints. Vitellogenin (VTG), secondary sex characteristics (SSC), and sex ratio (also an apical endpoint) are indicative of chemicals interfering with EAS (estrogen, androgen and steroidogenesis) pathways. These biomarkers, however, can be changed by non-EAS chemicals, systemic toxicity and the stress response. Examples are shown that proving causal link between MOAs and changes in endpoints may be difficult for regulatory identification of EDCs. The paper concludes that both in vitro and in vivo data are needed to define MOAs for regulatory identification of EDCs. Further development of guidance documents for data interpretation and for defining the level of evidence is needed for regulatory identification of EDCs.
  • Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2014 Feb;185:266-70. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.006. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
  • Demonstrating chemical-induced adverse effects, endocrine mechanisms/modes of action (MOAs) and their causal link is needed for regulatory identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This paper addresses critical issues over MOAs and their causal link to changes in endpoints. Vitellogen
  • PMID 24316064

Japanese Journal

  • Relation of Prenatal and Postnatal Status to Calcaneus Quantitative Ultrasound in Adolescents
  • Takahata Yoko,Wang Da-Hong,Anai Takanobu,Ogino Keiki
  • Acta Medica Okayama 66(3), 221-229, 2012-06
  • … secondary sexual characteristics and lifestyle factors. …
  • NAID 120004247092
  • 成長ホルモン治療を行った特発性低身長症男性例の二次性徴
  • 大山 建司,佐野 友昭,太田 正法,小林 浩司,小林 基章,佐藤 和正,望月 美恵,三井 弓子,矢ケ崎 英晃,斉藤 朋洋,長嶺 健次郎,中込 美子
  • 日本小児科学会雑誌 115(10), 1524-1530, 2011-10-01
  • NAID 10029836371

Related Links

Secondary sex characteristics are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but that are not directly part of the reproductive system. They are believed to be the product of sexual selection for traits which give an individual an ...
Any of various genetically transmitted physical or behavioral characteristics that appear in humans at puberty and in sexually mature animals and that differentiate between the sexes without having a direct reproductive function.


Related Pictures

Secondary Sexual Characteristics - The That Preconventional Morality is viewed as secondary sexual characteristicspeacock shows his feathers . This male's PhysicalDevelopment it is the secondary sexual characteristics


★リンクテーブル★
リンク元「二次性徴」
関連記事「secondary」「characteristic」「sexual」

「二次性徴」

　　[★]

英
secondary sex characteristics, secondary sex characters, secondary sexual characters secondary sexual characteristics
同
第二次性徴
関
思春期、一次性徴 第一次性徴、性徴、タナー分類、


小児の発育と年齢

QB.O-26 SPE.11

  • ♀： 9-18歳　　→　小学4年～
  • ♂：10-20歳　　→　小学5年～
男児 年齢 女児
　 8～9 子宮
精巣腫大 10～11 乳房
　 11～12 恥毛、身長増加促進
恥毛、身長増加促進 12～13 腋毛
　 13～14 初経
腋毛 14～15 正常月経
精子成熟 15～16 　
　 16～17 骨端線閉鎖
骨端線閉鎖 18～20 　
陰茎発育は精巣の発育に次いで起こる。

男性

  • 10歳頃から

女性

QB.Q-241
  • FSH：10歳ごろから上昇。14歳頃に成人レベル。エストロゲンもこれに伴って上昇。
  • LH：10歳ごろから分泌がみられる。
  • LH surge：エストロゲン増加は9-10歳から見られるが、エストロゲンの濃度が低く初経後1-2年はLH surgeが見られない。
  • 20歳未満では無排卵性月経が半数以上で、排卵性周期は20-25歳で確立

臨床関連

「secondary」

　　[★]

  • adj.
  • (地位・価値・重要性などが)第2の、2番目の、(～の)次の(to)。二次的な、従位の
Postmortem examination of patients with such obstructions without a history of clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia often shows macroscopic scars secondary to MI in regions supplied by diseased coronary arteries, with or without collateral circulation.
in the past the commonest cause of death has been venous thrombosis followed by infection secondary to severe neutropenia and hemorrhage secondary to severe thrombocytopenia.(HIM.661)(重度の好中球減少に次ぐ感染と血小板減少に次ぐ出血に続発する静脈血栓症が昔の最も一般的な死因であった)
  • 副次的な(発生などが)派生的な

　 　 　 　 　 　

「characteristic」

　　[★]

  • adj.
  • 特徴的な、独特の、特有の、特性の、特徴ある
  • n.
関
character、characteristically、diagnostic、discriminatory、distinct、distinction、distinctive、distinctively、feature、hallmark、particular、pathognomonic、peculiar、peculiarity、profile、property、salience、unique

　 　 　 　 　

「sexual」

　　[★]

  • adj.
  • 性的な
関
sexually

　 　 　

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