WordNet

closure or blockage (as of a blood vessel)
(dentistry) the normal spatial relation of the teeth when the jaws are closed
a major thoroughfare that bears important traffic
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body (同)arteria, arterial blood vessel
in or relating to the retina of the eye; "retinal cells"
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/28 06:20:34」(JST)

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The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its dural sheath to the eyeball.

Course

It pierces the optic nerve close to the eyeball, sending branches over the internal surface of the retina, and these terminal branches are the only blood supply to the larger part of it.

The central part of the retina where the light rays are focussed after passing through the pupil and the lens is a circular area called the macula. The center of this circular area is the fovea. The fovea and a small area surrounding it are not supplied by the central retinal artery or its branches, but instead by the choroid.

Supplies

The central retinal artery supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve that carries the visual information to the occipital lobe cerebral cortex, including those that reach over the fovea.

Pathology

Thus if the central retinal artery gets occluded, there is complete loss of vision in that eye even though the fovea is not affected. The entire retina (with the exception of the fovea) becomes pale and swollen and opaque while the central fovea still appears reddish (this is because the choroid color shows through). This is the basis of the famous "Cherry red spot" seen on examination of the retina on funduscopy of a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

In some cases - approximately 20% of the population - there is a branch of the ciliary circulation called the cilio-retinal artery which supplies the retina between the macula and the optic nerve, including the nerve fibers from the foveal photoreceptors. If this artery is present, the central vision will be preserved even in case of CRAO.

Additional images

Horizontal section of the eyeball.
The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the eyeball, in horizontal section.
Eye vessels

However it should be remembered that the Cilio retinal artery itself is a branch of the Short Posterior Ciliary Arteries which is derived from the Ophthalmic Artery. Therefore its possible for the cilio retinal artery itself to occlude causing significant visual loss in the perfused macula region (surrounding visual field will remain intact).

Measures

The central retinal artery is approximately 160 micrometres in diameter.^[1]^[2]

References

^ http://www.revophth.com/archive/newsletter/ro_031207.htm
^ http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/12789540/Calculation_of_the_diameter_of_the_central_retinal_artery_from_noninvasive_measurements_in_humans

External links

Diagram at suncoastretina.com
emerg/777 at eMedicine ("Retinal artery occlusion")
Central+retinal+artery at eMedicine Dictionary

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 網膜中心動脈閉塞症および網膜動脈分枝閉塞症 central and branch retinal artery occlusion
2. 一過性黒内障（一過性単眼または両眼視力低下） amaurosis fugax transient monocular or binocular visual loss
3. 急性持続性視力喪失が認められた成人に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with acute persistent visual loss
4. 成人における選択的脊椎手術のための麻酔 anesthesia for elective spine surgery in adults
5. 非眼科手術のための麻酔後の視力低下 postoperative visual loss after anesthesia for nonocular surgery

English Journal

In vivo identification of alteration of inner neurosensory layers in branch retinal artery occlusion.

Ritter M, Sacu S, Deák GG, Kircher K, Sayegh RG, Pruente C, Schmidt-Erfurth UM.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna A-1090, Austria; ursula.schmidt-erfurth@meduniwien.ac.at.
The British journal of ophthalmology.Br J Ophthalmol.2012 Feb;96(2):201-7. Epub 2011 Apr 22.
Background/aims To characterise the extension and progression of alteration of neurosensory layers following acute and chronic branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in vivo using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Methods In this observational case series, eight eyes with acute BRAO and
PMID 21515559

How does hypertension affect your eyes?

Bhargava M, Ikram MK, Wong TY.SourceSingapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Journal of human hypertension.J Hum Hypertens.2012 Feb;26(2):71-83. doi: 10.1038/jhh.2011.37. Epub 2011 Apr 21.
Hypertension has profound effects on various parts of the eye. Classically, elevated blood pressure results in a series of retinal microvascular changes called hypertensive retinopathy, comprising of generalized and focal retinal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, retinal hemorrhages, micr
PMID 21509040

Japanese Journal

網膜循環障害を合併し予後不良であった交感性眼炎の1例 (第45回日本眼炎症学会原著)

奥貫陽子,片井直達,横井克俊 [他]
あたらしい眼科 29(2), 249-252, 2012-02
NAID 40019206924

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「網膜動脈閉塞症」「網膜動脈閉塞」「網膜動脈閉鎖症」
拡張検索	「branch retinal artery occlusion」「central retinal artery occlusion」
関連記事	「occlusion」「retinal」「retinal artery」

「網膜動脈閉塞症」

Artery: Central retinal artery
	The ophthalmic artery and its branches. (Central retinal artery visible at center.)
	Interior of posterior half of bulb of left eye. The veins are darker in appearance than the arteries. (Central retinal artery visible but not labeled.)
Latin	arteria centralis retinae
Gray's	subject #146 571
Supplies	retina
Source	ophthalmic artery
Vein	central retinal vein
MeSH	Retinal+Artery