WordNet

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue" (同)alter, modify
become different in some particular way, without permanently losing ones or its former characteristics or essence; "her mood changes in accordance with the weather"; "The supermarkets selection of vegetables varies according to the season" (同)alter, vary
exchange or replace with another, usually of the same kind or category; "Could you convert my dollars into pounds?"; "He changed his name"; "convert centimeters into inches"; "convert holdings into shares" (同)exchange, commute, convert
a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event; "he attributed the change to their marriage"
change clothes; put on different clothes; "Change before you go to the opera"
coins of small denomination regarded collectively; "he had a pocketful of change"
money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency; "he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver"
remove or replace the coverings of; "Father had to learn how to change the baby"; "After each guest we changed the bed linens"
the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due; "I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change"
the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains"
undergo a change; become different in essence; losing ones or its original nature; "She changed completely as she grew older"; "The weather changed last night"
a different or fresh set of clothes; "she brought a change in her overnight bag"
a thing that is different; "he inspected several changes before selecting one"
the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"
an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another; "the change was intended to increase sales"; "this storm is certainly a change for the worse"; "the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago" (同)alteration, modification
made or become different in some respect; "hes an altered (or changed) man since his election to Congress"
changed in constitution or structure or composition by metamorphism; "metamorphic rocks"
made or become different in nature or form; "changed attitudes"; "changed styles of dress"; "a greatly changed country after the war"
marked by continuous change or effective action (同)ever-changing

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…に)…'を'『変える』,改める《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / …'を'『取り替える』,交換する / 〈小切手・為替〉'を'現金にする,〈金〉'を'両替えする;(…に)…'を'両替する《+『名』+『into』+『名』》 / (…に)『変わる』,変化する《+『to』(『into』)+『名』》 / (他の衣服に)着替える《+『into』+『名』》 / (…に)乗り換える《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『変化』,移り変わり,変遷《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『取り替え』,交換;乗り換え《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉釣り銭,小銭

UpToDate Contents

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1. 頭蓋顔面痛の概要 overview of craniofacial pain
2. 中枢神経障害顔面痛 central neuropathic facial pain
3. 慢性疼痛の定義および病因 definition and pathogenesis of chronic pain
4. 緩和ケア：高齢患者に固有の問題 palliative care issues specific to geriatric patients
5. 癌性疼痛症候群の概要 overview of cancer pain syndromes

English Journal

Heterogeneity of macrophages in injured trigeminal nerves: Cytokine/chemokine expressing vs. phagocytic macrophages.

Lee S, Zhang J.SourceThe Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0G1; Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C7.
Brain, behavior, and immunity.Brain Behav Immun.2012 Aug;26(6):891-903. Epub 2012 Mar 25.
BACKGROUND: Macrophages are important immune effector cells in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Injury to peripheral nerves triggers activation of resident macrophages and infiltration of haematogenous macrophages, which they play critical roles in Wallerian degeneration and neuropathic pa
PMID 22469908

Open-label study of combination therapy with isoniazid for management of refractory neuropathic pain.

Feng Y, Guo N, Sun Q, Chen X, Liu J, Lai R, Huang F.SourceDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia.J Clin Neurosci.2012 Aug;19(8):1130-3. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
Although there have been improvements in treatment, neuropathic pain often remains unresponsive to all treatment modalities. This pilot study assessed the efficacy of combination therapy with isoniazid for the treatment of intractable neuropathic pain. We conducted this prospective, open-label, add-
PMID 22705143

Japanese Journal

NMDA Component of the Excitatory Synaptic Transmission of Neurons Containing Serotonin or GABA in the Ventrolateral Subdivision of the Periaqueductal Gray Matter of Mouse

Shirakawa Kenshu
Dokkyo journal of medical sciences 39(1), 17-27, 2012-03-25
… These results suggest that the subunit composition of the NMDAR in the non-serotonergicnon-GABAergic neurons change during neuropathic pain. …
NAID 110009005088

Efficacy of Motor Cortex Stimulation for Intractable Central Neuropathic Pain : Comparison of Stimulation Parameters Between Post-stroke Pain and Other Central Pain

TANEI Takafumi,KAJITA Yasukazu,NODA Hiroshi,TAKEBAYASHI Shigenori,NAKATSUBO Daisuke,MAESAWA Satoshi,WAKABAYASHI Toshihiko
Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(1), 8-14, 2011-01-15
… Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) has now become the preferred option for neurosurgical management of intractable central neuropathic pain such as post-stroke pain and trigeminal neuropathic pain. … However, the efficacy of MCS for other central neuropathic pain such as pain resulting from spinal cord or brainstem lesions is unclear. … We retrospectively reviewed 11 consecutive patients with intractable central neuropathic pain who underwent MCS in our institution. …
NAID 10028104454

脊髄電気刺激療法による神経障害痛に併発した睡眠障害の改善を客観的に評価した２症例

大淵麻衣子,住谷昌彦,平井絢子 [他],佐藤可奈子,冨岡俊也,小川真,辛正廣,関山裕詩,山田芳嗣
日本ペインクリニック学会誌 18(2), 44-47, 2011
慢性痛の重大な併発症として睡眠障害が挙げられるが，睡眠障害は患者の自覚的な訴えやアンケート調査によってしか評価されていない．睡眠・覚醒リズムを判定することができる腕時計型高感度加速度センサー（actigraphy®）を用いて慢性痛患者の睡眠障害を脊髄電気刺激療法の前後で客観的に評価した2症例を報告する．症例1は腕神経叢引き抜き損傷後痛み，症例2は閉塞性動脈性硬化症による足趾切断術後の難治 …
NAID 130000659007