monomeric GTP-binding protein

• 単量体GTP結合タンパク質

関

small G-protein、small GTPase

WordNet

1. executed with proper legal authority; "a binding contract"
2. the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book; "the book had a leather binding" (同)book binding, cover, back
3. strip sewn over or along an edge for reinforcement or decoration
4. the capacity to attract and hold something
5. any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
6. a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
7. the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)g

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 義務的な,拘束力ある / 〈U〉しばること;〈C〉しばる物 / 〈C〉製本,装丁 / 〈U〉縁(‘ふち')取り材料
2. 蛋白(たんばく)質
3. 単量体(異種の分子と反応し重合体を構成する)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/26 08:31:34」(JST)

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Small monomeric GTPase
Identifiers
EC number	3.6.5.2
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

Small GTPases (EC 3.6.5.2) are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-proteins found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function independently as a hydrolase enzyme to bind to and hydrolyze a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The most well-known members are the Ras GTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras superfamily GTPases.

A typical G-protein is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP (i.e. when the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP). The GDP can be then replaced by free GTP. Therefore, a G-protein can be switched on and off. GTP hydrolysis is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), while GTP exchange is catalyzed by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Activation of a GEF typically activates its cognate G-protein, while activation of a GAP results in inactivation of the cognate G-protein. Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDI) maintain small GTP-ases in the inactive state.

Small GTPases regulate a wide variety of processes in the cell, including growth, cellular differentiation, cell movement and lipid vesicle transport.

The Ras superfamily

Main article: Ras superfamily

There are more than a hundred proteins in the Ras superfamily. Based on structure, sequence and function, the Ras superfamily is divided into five main families, (Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases). The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rit, Rap, Rheb, and Rad. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily.

Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as IQGAP and WASP.

The Ras family is generally responsible for cell proliferation, Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.

See also

• GTP-binding protein regulators

References

External links

• Small GTPases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Stress-driven structural and functional switching of Ypt1p from a GTPase to a molecular chaperone mediates thermo tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

• Kang CH1, Lee SY1, Park JH1, Lee Y1, Jung HS1, Chi YH1, Jung YJ1, Chae HB1, Shin MR1, Kim WY1, Yun DJ1, Lee SY2.
• FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.FASEB J.2015 Nov;29(11):4424-34. doi: 10.1096/fj.15-270140. Epub 2015 Jul 13.
• Guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) function as molecular switches in signal transduction pathways that enable cells to respond to extracellular stimuli. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast protein two 1 protein (Ypt1p) is a monomeric small GTPase that is essential for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traf
• PMID 26169936

• Oligomerization and GTP-binding requirements of MxA for viral target recognition and antiviral activity against influenza A virus.

• Nigg PE1, Pavlovic J2.
• The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2015 Oct 27. pii: jbc.M115.681494. [Epub ahead of print]
• The interferon (IFN)-induced human myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) exhibits a broad antiviral activity against many viruses including influenza A virus (IAV). MxA belongs to the family of dynamin-like GTPases and assembles in vitro into dimers, tetramers and oligomeric ring-like structures. The
• PMID 26507657

• RIT2 rs12456492 polymorphism and the risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis.

• Zhang X1, Niu M1, Li H1, Xie A2.
• Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2015 Aug 18;602:167-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.07.004. Epub 2015 Jul 15.
• Many published case-control studies have investigated the association between rs12456492(A/G) variant in RIT2 gene and the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD); however, an ambiguous conclusion remains elusive. Our aim was to evaluate the association of RIT2 rs12456492(A/G) polymorphism with the risk of
• PMID 26188085

Japanese Journal

• RhoA, a Possible Target for Treatment of Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Bronchial Asthma

• Journal of pharmacological sciences 114(3), 239-247, 2010-11-20
• NAID 10029890076

• The role of RhoA-mediated Ca^<2+> sensitization of bronchial smooth muscle contraction in airway hyperresponsiveness

• 日本平滑筋学会機関誌 40(4&5), 155-167, 2004-10
• NAID 110002952048

• Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ　ａｌｂｉｃａｎｓのＰＬＤ遺伝子クローニング

• 日本医真菌学会雑誌 39(2), 79-83, 1998
• NAID 130003671922

Related Links

• G protein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

When they bind GTP, they are 'on', and, when they bind GDP, they are 'off'. G proteins belong to the larger group of enzymes called GTPases. There are two classes of G proteins. The first function as monomeric small GTPases while the ...

• Small GTP-binding proteins.

Small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and constitute a superfamily consisting ... Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/ metabolism*; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins*; Signal Transduction/ physiology ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「small GTPase」「small G-protein」「単量体GTP結合タンパク質」
関連記事	「binding」「GTP」「binding protein」「G」「monomer」

「small GTPase」

　　[★]

低分子量GTPase、低分子GTPase、低分子GTPアーゼ、低分子量GTP分解酵素

関

monomeric GTP-binding protein、small G-protein、small guanosine triphosphatase

「small G-protein」

　　[★]

• 低分子量Gタンパク質、低分子量GTP結合タンパク質

関

monomeric GTP-binding protein、small GTP-binding protein、small GTPase

「単量体GTP結合タンパク質」

　　[★]

英

monomeric GTP-binding protein

関

低分子GTPase、低分子量Gタンパク質

「binding」

　　[★]

• n.

• 結合、バインディング

• adj.

• 結合性の

関

affinity、associate、bind、bond、bonding、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、connective、connectivity、couple、dock、engage、engagement、join、ligate、linkage、symphysial、symphysic、union

　 　 　 　 　

「GTP」

　　[★]

• グアノシン三リン酸 guanosine triphosphate
• グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼ　→　γ-グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼ

「binding protein」

　　[★]

• 結合タンパク質、結合タンパク、結合蛋白質、結合蛋白

関

BP、carrier protein、transport protein

「G」

　　[★]

• グアニン guanine
• グアノシン guanosine
• グリシン glycine

　

「monomer」

　　[★]

• 単量体、モノマー

関

monomeric