低分子量GTPase、低分子GTPase、低分子GTPアーゼ、低分子量GTP分解酵素

関: monomeric GTP-binding protein、small G-protein、small guanosine triphosphatase

WordNet

slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope; "a series of death struggles with small time in between"
a garment size for a small person
the slender part of the back
limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; "a little dining room"; "a little house"; "a small car"; "a little (or small) group" (同)little
have fine or very small constituent particles; "a small misty rain"
on a small scale; "think small"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(大きさが)『小さい』,小形の;(量が)『少ない』,わずかな / 『取るに足りない』,ささいな(trivial) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(仕事・活動などが)『小規模の』,ささやかな / 心が狭い,利己的な / (音・声が)弱い,小さい / (文字が)小型の,小文字の / 《the~》小さいもの;(…の)細い部分《+『of』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》《英》(衣類・ハンカチなどの)小物,小間物 / 小さく,細かく / (声などが)低く,弱く / 小規模に,こぢんまりと

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/31 12:30:31」(JST)

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Small GTPases (EC 3.6.5.2) are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-proteins found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function independently as a hydrolase enzyme to bind to and hydrolyze a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The most well-known members are the Ras GTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras superfamily GTPases.

A typical G-protein is active when bound to GTP and inactive when bound to GDP (i.e. when the GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP). The GDP can be then replaced by free GTP. Therefore, a G-protein can be switched on and off. GTP hydrolysis is accelerated by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), while GTP exchange is catalyzed by Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Activation of a GEF typically activates its cognate G-protein, while activation of a GAP results in inactivation of the cognate G-protein. Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDI) maintain small GTP-ases in the inactive state.

Small GTPases regulate a wide variety of processes in the^[which?] cell, including growth, cellular differentiation, cell movement and lipid vesicle transport.

The Ras superfamily

There are more than a hundred proteins in the Ras superfamily.^[1] Based on structure, sequence and function, the Ras superfamily is divided into five main families, (Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases).^[2] The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rit, Rap, Rheb, and Rad. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily.

Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as IQGAP and WASP.

The Ras family is generally responsible for cell proliferation, Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.^[3]

References

^ Wennerberg K, Rossman KL, Der CJ (March 2005). "The Ras superfamily at a glance". J. Cell. Sci. 118 (Pt 5): 843–6. doi:10.1242/jcs.01660. PMID 15731001.
^ Goitre, L; Trapani, E; Trabalzini, L; Retta, SF (26 December 2013). "The Ras superfamily of small GTPases: the unlocked secrets." 1120. pp. 1–18. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-791-4_1. PMID 24470015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
^ Munemitsu S, Innis M, Clark R, McCormick F, Ullrich A, Polakis P. (1990). "Molecular cloning and expression of a G25K cDNA, the human homolog of the yeast cell cycle gene CDC42". Mol Cell Biol 10 (11): 5977–82. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 361395. PMID 2122236.

External links

Small GTPases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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RhoJ defines angiogenic endothelial cell motility by integrating VEGF and Sema3E signals

Uemura Akiyoshi,Fukushima Yoko,Nishiyama Koichi,Ogura Yuichiro,Nishikawa Shin-Ichi
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「低分子GTPase」

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Small monomeric GTPase
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　　[★]

英: small guanosine triphosphatase、small GTPase
関: 低分子量GTP分解酵素、単量体GTP結合タンパク質、低分子GTPアーゼ、低分子量GTPase、低分子量Gタンパク質

「small G-protein」

　　[★]

低分子量Gタンパク質、低分子量GTP結合タンパク質

関: monomeric GTP-binding protein、small GTP-binding protein、small GTPase

「低分子量GTP分解酵素」

　　[★]

英: small guanosine triphosphatase、small GTPase
関: 低分子GTPase、低分子GTPアーゼ、低分子量GTPase

「低分子量GTPase」

　　[★]

英: small GTPase
関: 低分子GTPase、低分子量GTP分解酵素、低分子GTPアーゼ

「低分子GTPアーゼ」

　　[★]

英: small GTPase
関: 低分子GTPase、低分子量GTP分解酵素、低分子量GTPase

「GTPase」

　　[★]

GTP加水分解酵素、GTPアーゼ

関: GTP phosphohydrolase、guanosine triphosphatase

「small」

　　[★]

adj.

小さい

関: little、petit、tiny

[pmid15731001-1] Wennerberg K, Rossman KL, Der CJ (March 2005). "The Ras superfamily at a glance". J. Cell. Sci. 118 (Pt 5): 843–6. doi:10.1242/jcs.01660. PMID 15731001.

[2] Goitre, L; Trapani, E; Trabalzini, L; Retta, SF (26 December 2013). "The Ras superfamily of small GTPases: the unlocked secrets." 1120. pp. 1–18. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-791-4_1. PMID 24470015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.

[Munemitsu-3] Munemitsu S, Innis M, Clark R, McCormick F, Ullrich A, Polakis P. (1990). "Molecular cloning and expression of a G25K cDNA, the human homolog of the yeast cell cycle gene CDC42". Mol Cell Biol 10 (11): 5977–82. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 361395. PMID 2122236.

リンク元	「低分子GTPase」「small G-protein」「低分子量GTP分解酵素」「低分子量GTPase」「低分子GTPアーゼ」
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small GTPase