局所麻酔
WordNet
- relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities"
- public transport consisting of a bus or train that stops at all stations or stops; "the local seemed to take forever to get to New York"
- affecting only a restricted part or area of the body; "local anesthesia"
- of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; "local customs"; "local schools"; "the local citizens"; "a local point of view"; "local outbreaks of flu"; "a local bus line"
- loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness (同)anaesthesia
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『一地方の』,ある土地の,(特に)自分の住んでいる土地の;地方に特有な / (全体からみて)『部分的な』,局部の,狭い部分の / 《米》各駅停車の / 《話》《しばしば複数形で》その土地に住んでいる人々 / 《米話》(新聞の)地方記事 / 《話》(各駅停車の)列車,電車,バス / 《米》(労働組合などの)支部
- 低カロリーの
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/16 00:23:11」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Local anesthesia |
| Intervention |
| MeSH |
D000772 |
Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in part of the body,[1] generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. It allows patients to undergo surgical and dental procedures with reduced pain and distress. In many situations, such as cesarean section, it is safer and therefore superior to general anesthesia. It is also used for relief of non-surgical pain and to enable diagnosis of the cause of some chronic pain conditions. Anesthetists sometimes combine both general and local anesthesia techniques.
The following terms are often used interchangeably:
- Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin.
- Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm.
- Conduction anesthesia is a comprehensive term, which encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.
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Contents
- 1 Medical
- 2 Non-medical local anesthetic techniques
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Citations
- 6 External links
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Medical
Main article: Local anesthetic
A local anesthetic is a drug that causes reversible local anesthesia and a loss of nociception. When it is used on specific nerve pathways (nerve block), effects such as analgesia (loss of pain sensation) and paralysis (loss of muscle power) can be achieved. Clinical local anesthetics belong to one of two classes: aminoamide and aminoester local anesthetics. Synthetic local anesthetics are structurally related to cocaine. They differ from cocaine mainly in that they have no abuse potential and do not act on the sympathoadrenergic system, i.e. they do not produce hypertension or local vasoconstriction, with the exception of Ropivacaine and Mepivacaine that do produce weak vasoconstriction.
Local anesthetics vary in their pharmacological properties and they are used in various techniques of local anesthesia such as:
- Topical anesthesia (surface)
- Infiltration
- Plexus block
- Epidural (extradural) block
- Spinal anesthesia (subarachnoid block)
Adverse effects depend on the local anesthetic agent, method, and site of administration and is discussed in depth in the local anesthetic sub-article, but overall, adverse effects can be:
- localized prolonged anesthesia or paresthesia due to infection, hematoma, excessive fluid pressure in a confined cavity, and severing of nerves & support tissue during injection,
- systemic reactions such as depressed CNS syndrome, allergic reaction, vasovagal episode, and cyanosis due to local anesthetic toxicity.
- lack of anesthetic effect due to infectious pus such as an abscess.
Non-medical local anesthetic techniques
Local pain management that uses other techniques than analgesic medication include:
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which has been found to be ineffective for lower back pain, however, it might help with diabetic neuropathy.[2]
- Pulsed radiofrequency, neuromodulation, direct introduction of medication and nerve ablation may be used to target either the tissue structures and organ/systems responsible for persistent nociception or the nociceptors from the structures implicated as the source of chronic pain.[3][4][5][6][7]
See also
- Continuous wound infiltration
References
- ^ thefreedictionary.com > local anesthesia In turn citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. Copyright 2009
- ^ Dubinsky RM, Miyasaki J (January 2010). "Assessment: efficacy of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology". Neurology 74 (2): 173–6. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181c918fc. PMID 20042705.
- ^ Varrassi G, Paladini A, Marinangeli F, Racz G (2006). "Neural modulation by blocks and infusions". Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain 6 (1): 34–8. doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00056.x. PMID 17309707.
- ^ Meglio M (2004). "Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain management". Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. 15 (3): 297–306. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.012. PMID 15246338.
- ^ Rasche D, Ruppolt M, Stippich C, Unterberg A, Tronnier VM (2006). "Motor cortex stimulation for long-term relief of chronic neuropathic pain: a 10 year experience". Pain 121 (1–2): 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.12.006. PMID 16480828.
- ^ Boswell MV, Trescot AM, Datta S, Schultz DM, Hansen HC, Abdi S, Sehgal N, Shah RV, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Patel VB, Buenaventura RM, Colson JD, Cordner HJ, Epter RS, Jasper JF, Dunbar EE, Atluri SL, Bowman RC, Deer TR, Swicegood JR, Staats PS, Smith HS, Burton AW, Kloth DS, Giordano J, Manchikanti L (2007). "Interventional techniques: evidence-based practice guidelines in the management of chronic spinal pain" (PDF). Pain physician 10 (1): 7–111. PMID 17256025. http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/2007/january/2007;10;7-111.pdf?PHPSESSID=ea188711febadee5420f1c9061ebd249.
- ^ Romanelli P, Esposito V, Adler J (2004). "Ablative procedures for chronic pain". Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. 15 (3): 335–42. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2004.02.009. PMID 15246341.
Citations
"Nerve damage associated with peripheral nerve block". Risks associated with your anaesthetic, (The Royal College of Anaesthetists) Section 12. January 2006. http://www.rcoa.ac.uk/docs/nerve-peripheral.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
External links
- New York School of Regional Anesthesia
- Anesthesia Books
- General information and tutorials in peripheral regional anesthesia
- [1] Free online manual of regional anaesthesia- John Hyndman
- Clinical Use of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators and The Neuromuscular Junction
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Anesthesia
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| Types |
- General (Twilight)
- Local (Topical)
- Spinal
- Epidural
- Dental (Inferior alveolar nerve)
- Neuroleptanalgesic anesthesia
- Brachial plexus block
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| Techniques |
- Airway management
- Anesthesia provision in the US
- Capnography
- Concentration effect
- Dogliotti's principle
- Drug-induced amnesia
- Fink effect
- Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
- Penthrox inhaler
- Tracheal intubation
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| Measurements |
- ASA physical status classification system
- Baricity
- Bispectral index
- Direct Fick method
- Entropy monitoring
- Fick principle
- Goldman index
- Guedel's classification
- Mallampati score
- Minimum alveolar concentration
- Neuromuscular monitoring
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| Instruments |
- Anaesthetic machine
- Anesthesia cart
- Boyle's machine
- Gas cylinder
- Laryngeal mask airway
- Medical monitor
- Odom's indicator
- Relative analgesia machine
- Vaporiser
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| Drugs |
- Benzodiazepine
- Etomidate
- General anaesthetic
- Inhalational anaesthetic
- Infiltration analgesia
- Ketamine
- Local anesthetic
- Methohexital
- Methoxyflurane
- Midazolam
- Neuraxial blockade
- Propofol
- Thiopental
- Thiopentone
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| Complications |
- Emergence delirium
- Allergic reactions
- Anesthesia awareness
- Local anesthetic toxicity
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Perioperative mortality
- Postanesthetic shivering
- Postoperative nausea and vomiting
- Postoperative residual curarization
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| Fields of study |
- Cardiothoracic
- Geriatric
- Oral sedation dentistry
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| Professions |
- Anesthesiologist
- Anesthesiologist assistant
- Nurse anesthetist
- Certified Anesthesia Technician
- Certified Anesthesia Technologist
- Anaesthetic technician
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| History |
- A.C.E. mixture
- Helsinki Declaration for Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology
- History of general anesthesia
- History of neuraxial anesthesia
- History of tracheal intubation
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| Organizations |
- American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
- American Society of Anesthesia Technologists & Technicians
- American Society of Anesthesiologists
- Anaesthesia Trauma and Critical Care
- Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland
- Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists
- Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
- Australian Society of Anaesthetists
- International Anesthesia Research Society
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Transalveolar repositioning of an impacted immature permanent mandibular canine.
- Ozdemir-Ozenen D1, Guler N2, Sungurtekin-Ekci E3, Sandalli N1.
- Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.).J Dent Child (Chic).2015 Sep-Dec;81(3):156-60.
- The purpose of this case report is to discuss the four-year follow-up of a transalveolar transplantation of an impacted immature permanent mandibular left canine. A nine year-old-boy was referred to the dental school because of a mandibular swelling associated with the impacted canine. Under local a
- PMID 25514261
- Single-injection thoracic paravertebral block and postoperative analgesia after mastectomy: a retrospective cohort study.
- Agarwal RR1, Wallace AM2, Madison SJ1, Morgan AC1, Mascha EJ3, Ilfeld BM4.
- Journal of clinical anesthesia.J Clin Anesth.2015 Aug;27(5):371-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 May 6.
- BACKGROUND: The treatment of postoperative pain after mastectomy is an area of increasing interest, as this treatment option is now considered a standard of care for those affected by breast cancer. Thoracic paravertebral nerve block (tPVB) using local anesthetics administered before mastectomy can
- PMID 25957529
- Complex regional pain syndrome type I: a comprehensive review.
- Bussa M1, Guttilla D1, Lucia M2, Mascaro A3, Rinaldi S4.
- Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2015 Jul;59(6):685-97. doi: 10.1111/aas.12489. Epub 2015 Apr 22.
- BACKGROUND: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I), formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a chronic painful disorder that usually develops after a minor injury to a limb. This topical review gives a synopsis of CRPS I and discusses the current concepts of our understanding
- PMID 25903457
Japanese Journal
- 手部軟部組織欠損に対する手術用手袋と局所陰圧閉鎖療法を組み合わせた治療法
- 精神発達遅滞を有する進行口腔がん患者への外科治療経験
- 臨床室 膝十字靱帯から発生したガングリオンに対し局所麻酔下で関節鏡視下手術を施行した2例
Related Links
- Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well. It allows patients ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- local anesthesia, regional anesthesia
- 関
- 全身麻酔、浸潤麻酔、局所麻酔薬、局所麻酔薬中毒
局所麻酔の様式
- SPC.171
[★]
局所麻酔
- 関
- local anesthesia、local anesthetic
[★]
- 英
- local anesthesia
- 関
- 局所麻酔
[★]
- 局所性の、局所的な、局所の、局在性の、地方の、地域の
- 関
- area、district、endemic、focal、focally、locality、localization、localized、locally、locoregional、province、region、regional、regionally、spot、topical、topically
[★]