liver neoplasm

肝腫瘍、肝新生物

関

cancer of the liver、hepatic cancer、hepatic neoplasm、hepatic tumor、liver cancer、liver tumor

WordNet

1. pursue a positive and satisfying existence; "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live"
2. actually being performed at the time of hearing or viewing; "a live television program"; "brought to you live from Lincoln Center"; "live entertainment involves performers actually in the physical presence of a live audience" (同)unrecorded
3. abounding with life and energy; "the club members are a really live bunch"
4. charged with an explosive; "live ammunition"; "a live bomb"
5. exerting force or containing energy; "live coals"; "tossed a live cigarette out the window"; "got a shock from a live wire"; "live ore is unmined ore"; "a live bomb"; "a live ball is one in play"
6. highly reverberant; "a live concert hall"
7. in current use or ready for use; "live copy is ready to be set in type or already set but not yet proofread"
8. lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style; "we had to live frugally after the war"
9. not recorded; "the opera was broadcast live"
10. of current relevance; "a live issue"; "still a live option"
11. a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
12. large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; sy
13. liver of an animal used as meat
14. someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『生きている』,生命がある / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『生き続ける』 / 〈物事が〉長く続く,存続する / 《場所を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈人などが〉『住む』,居住する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》『生活する』,暮らす / 生人を楽しむ,おもしろく桟らす / 《a+形容詞癌lifeを目的語にして》〈…を生活〉‘を'する / 〈思想など〉‘を'実銭する
2. 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『生きている』 / 『活気のある』 / (問題などが)当面の / 燃えている / (弾丸などが)まだ爆発してない,未発の / まだ動いている(働いている),有効な / 電流が通じている / (放走が)生の,実況の
3. (ある態度で)生活する人;居住者
4. 〈C〉『肝臓』 / 〈U〉(食用にする)動物の肝臓,レバー
5. (体内にできる)新生物;腫瘍(しゅよう)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/17 16:16:34」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Liver cancer
Classification and external resources
Left lobe liver tumor in a 50 year old male, operated in King Saud Medical Complex, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
ICD-10	C22.9
ICD-9	155.2
MeSH	D008113

Liver cancer or hepatic cancer (from the Greek hēpar, meaning liver) is a cancer that originates in the liver. Liver cancers are malignant tumors that grow on the surface or inside the liver. Liver tumors are discovered on medical imaging equipment (often by accident) or present themselves symptomatically as an abdominal mass, abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea or liver dysfunction. Liver cancers should not be confused with liver metastases, which are cancers that originate from organs elsewhere in the body and migrate to the liver.

Classification

There are many forms of liver cancer, although many cancers found in the liver are metastases from other tumors, frequently of the GI tract (like colon cancer, carcinoid tumors mainly of the appendix, etc.), but also from breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, etc.

The most frequent liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (also named hepatoma, which is a misnomer because adenomas are usually benign). This tumor also has a variant type that consists of both HCC and cholangiocarcinoma components. The cells of the bile duct coexist next to the bile ducts that drain the bile produced by the hepatocytes of the liver. Cancers that arise from the blood vessel cells in the liver are known as hemangioendotheliomas.

As well as mixed tumors, rarer forms of liver cancer include:

• mesenchymal tissue
• Sarcoma
• Hepatoblastoma, a rare malignant tumor, primarily developing in children. Most of these tumors form in the right lobe.
• Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct cancers), which account for 1 or 2 out of every 10 cases of liver cancer. These cancers start in the small tubes (called bile ducts) that carry bile to the intestine.
• Angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma: These are rare forms of cancer that start in the blood vessels of the liver. These tumors grow quickly. Often by the time they are found they are too widespread to be removed. Most patients do not live more than a year after diagnosis.
• Lymphoma of liver: A rare form of lymphoma that usually have diffuse infiltration to liver. It may also form a liver mass in rare occasions.

Signs and symptoms

Cholangiocarcinoma

• sweating
• Jaundice
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• Hepatomegaly

Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Abdominal mass
• Abdominal pain
• Emesis
• Anemia
• Back pain
• Jaundice
• Itching
• Weight loss
• Fever

Causes

Risk factors for adults developing primary liver cancer:

• Hepatitis C is the primary cause of liver cancer.
• Chronic Hepatitis B infection
• Cirrhosis
• Aflatoxin exposure
• Obesity has emerged as an important risk factor as it can lead to steatohepatitis

Risk factors for children developing primary liver cancer:

• Alagille syndrome (associated with HCC)
• Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (associated with hepatoblastoma)
• Familial adenomatous polyposis (associated with hepatoblastoma)
• Glycogen storage diseases (associated with both HCC and hepatoblastoma)
• Hepatitis B infection, associated when contracted in the perinatal period (with transmission at birth) (associated with HCC)
• Low birth weight (associated with hepatoblastoma)
• Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (associated with HCC)
• Trisomy 18, as well as other trisomies (associated with hepatoblastoma)
• Tyrosinemia (associated with HCC)

Prevention

Since hepatitis B or C is one of the main causes of liver cancer, childhood vaccination against hepatitis B may reduce the risk of liver cancer in the future. In the case of patients with cirrhosis, alcohol consumption is to be avoided.

Management

A PET-CT scan may be suggested if doctors are considering surgery as a treatment. It gives more detailed information about the part of the body being scanned. The correct treatment of liver cancer can mean the difference between life and death. Not all patients with cancers in the liver are potentially curable. These are some of the treatments available: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, Hyperthermia, Radiation Therapy and Radiosurgery.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Partial hepatectomy to resect all of the tumor.
• Liver transplantation
• Cryoablation
• Chemoembolization
• Radiotherapy
• Sorafenib
• Radiofrequency ablation
• Radiofrequency ablation combined with local chemotherapy See: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00617981?term=Thermodox&rank=3

Cholangiocarcinoma

• Photodynamic therapy
• Brachytherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Liver transplantation

Hepatoblastoma

• Chemotherapy, including vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin
• Radiotherapy
• Liver transplantation
• Surgical resection

Epidemiology

Age-standardized death from liver cancer per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.

  no data

  <7.5

  7.5–15

  15–22.5

  22.5–30

  30–37.5

  37.5–45

  45–52.5

  52.5–60

  60–67.5

  67.5–75

  75–110

  >110

Globally, as of 2008, liver cancer was the third leading cause of cancer death at 700,000 per year, after lung cancer (1.4 million deaths) and stomach cancer (740,000 deaths).

References

External links

• The Liver Cancer Web Page at Johns Hopkins University
• Liver cancer at Mayo Clinic
• Clinically reviewed liver cancer information for patients, from Cancer Research UK

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 固形肝病変：鑑別診断および評価 solid liver lesions differential diagnosis and evaluation
• 2. 悪性肝腫瘍の病理 pathology of malignant liver tumors
• 3. 肝臓病変の評価のための造影超音波検査 contrast enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation of liver lesions
• 4. 限局性結節性過形成 focal nodular hyperplasia
• 5. 肝血管腫 hepatic hemangioma

English Journal

• Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for non-neoplastic conditions in the hepatobiliary and pancreatic regions: pearls and potential pitfalls in imaging interpretation.

• Lee NK1, Kim S, Kim DU, Seo HI, Kim HS, Jo HJ, Kim TU.
• Abdominal imaging.Abdom Imaging.2015 Mar;40(3):643-62. doi: 10.1007/s00261-014-0235-5.
• Potentially, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can assess the functional information on concerning the status of tissue cellularity, because increased cellularity is associated with impeded diffusion. DWI in the hepatobiliary and pancreatic regions has demonstrated the usefulness t
• PMID 25216848

• Advanced bronchogenic carcinoma presented as cardiac tamponade: a case report and a review of the literature.

• Papavdi A1, Nathena D, Kranioti EF, Madentzoglou M, Michalodimitrakis M.
• The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology.Am J Forensic Med Pathol.2015 Mar;36(1):13-5. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000134.
• Although most fatal lung tumors are well diagnosed before a patient's death, occasionally forensic pathologists encounter cases of sudden death in which the presence of a primary small cell lung carcinoma was not suspected. We present the case of a 49-year-old man asymptomatic until 2 days before hi
• PMID 25581483

• Primary hepatic tumors with myxoid change: morphologically unique hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas.

• Salaria SN1, Graham RP, Aishima S, Mounajjed T, Yeh MM, Torbenson MS.
• The American journal of surgical pathology.Am J Surg Pathol.2015 Mar;39(3):318-24. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000382.
• Mucin production in primary liver neoplasms is typically interpreted as evidence for biliary differentiation. However, we have observed benign and malignant liver tumors that have abundant extracellular myxoid/mucinous material, yet have only evidence of hepatocellular differentiation. To further ch
• PMID 25602798

Japanese Journal

• NK細胞腫瘍の診断と治療における最近の進歩

• 石田 文宏
• 臨床血液 56(6), 645-650, 2015
• アグレッシブNK細胞白血病(ANKL)は成熟NK細胞の白血病で，生存期間中央値が3か月以内と予後不良である。東アジアに多く，8割以上がEBウイルスと関連する。最近実施した34例のANKL07研究では年齢中央値40歳で2相性分布を示した。ANKLの細胞はLGL様から高度異型まで多彩であり，また，三分の一の例では末梢血・骨髄の腫瘍細胞が20%未満であり，診断に留意する必要がある。臨床所見として発熱，肝 …
• NAID 130005093098

• A Population-Based Cohort Study of All-Cause and Site-Specific Cancer Incidence Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Taiwan

• Hsu Pei-Chun,Lin Wei-Hung,Kuo Te-Hui,Lee Hui-Mei,Kuo Chieh,Li Chung-Yi
• Journal of Epidemiology advpub(0), 2015
• … We calculated age-, sex-, and calendar year-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of all-cause cancer incidence and site-specific neoplasm incidence, with reference to the general population.<BR>Results: Seven hundred and sixty patients were identified for all-cause cancer over 86 610 person-years, representing an incidence rate of 87.75 cases per 10 000 person-years. …
• NAID 130005089147

• Molecular Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Present Status and Future Directions

• Choi Kyung-Ju,Baik In Hye,Ye Sang-Kyu [他],Lee Yun-Han
• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 38(7), 986-991, 2015
• … Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most lethal neoplasm, causing an estimated 700000 deaths annually. … The standard-of-care for advanced liver cancer is limited because sorafenib can expand the median life expectancy of patients for only 1 year. …
• NAID 130005086287

Related Links

• Liver neoplasm - RightDiagnosis.com - Right Diagnosis

Liver neoplasm symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment information for Liver neoplasm (Liver cancer) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, misdiagnosis, research treatments, prevention, and prognosis. ...

• Liver Neoplasm Symptoms | Symptoma®

Liver Neoplasm: Symptoms Incidence, Prevalence & Riskfactors Laboratory, Imaging & ECG Complications and Differential diagnoses on Symptoma®, the medical search engine for physicians. ... Tumors of the liver include ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「肝腫瘍」「hepatic neoplasm」
拡張検索	「experimental liver neoplasm」
関連記事	「neoplasm」「live」「liver」

「肝腫瘍」

　　[★]

英

liver tumor, hepatic tumor, hepatic neoplasm, liver neoplasm, tumor of the liver

関

肝癌、肝臓癌

分類

SRA.472

• 原発性

• 良性

• 肝細胞腺腫 肝腺腫 hepatic adenoma
• 肝内胆管腺腫
• 肝嚢胞
• 限局性結節性過形成 focal nodular hyperplasia FNH
• 腺腫様過形成 adenomatous hyperplasia

• 悪性

• 肝細胞癌 hepatocellular carcinoma HCC　→　脂肪を含むことが多いらしい。
• 胆管細胞癌 cholangiocellular carcinoma CCC
• 肝嚢胞腺癌 cystadenocarcinoma
• 肝細胞癌と胆管細胞癌の混合型
• 胆管嚢腺腫
• 肝芽腫
• 未分化癌

• 非上皮性腫瘍

• 良性

• 血管腫(肝血管腫, 良性肝腫瘍のうち最多, 大型の肝血管腫によりカサバッハ・メリット症候群をきたしうる)
• 胆管過誤腫 bile duct hamartoma
• 血管筋脂肪腫 angiomyolipoma

• 悪性

• 血管肉腫
• 胎芽性肉腫

• 転移性

• 転移性肝癌

肝細胞癌の鑑別疾患となる良性腫瘍

SSUR.594

• 肝血管腫
• 限局性結節性過形成。
• 肝細胞腺腫

検査

• 超音波エコー：(肝細胞癌)線維性被膜を有する境界明瞭な腫瘤でモザイクパターンを呈する。(転移性肝癌)低エコーの結節病変の中心に高エコーを有するbull's eye signを認める。

参考

• 1. Fat-containing lesions of the liver: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

• Prasad SR, Wang H, Rosas H, Menias CO, Narra VR, Middleton WD, Heiken JP.SourceDepartment of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
• Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.Radiographics.2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):321-31.
• Fat-containing tumors of the liver are a heterogeneous group of tumors with characteristic histologic features, variable biologic profiles, and variable imaging findings. Benign liver lesions that contain fat include focal or geographic fatty change (steatosis), pseudolesions due to postoperative pa
• PMID 15798052

脂肪を含む肝腫瘍は画像検査で鑑別診断を狭めることが可能である。

「hepatic neoplasm」

　　[★]

肝腫瘍、肝新生物

関

cancer of the liver、hepatic cancer、hepatic tumor、liver cancer、liver neoplasm、liver tumor

「experimental liver neoplasm」

　　[★]

• 実験的肝臓腫瘍

関

Morris hepatoma、Novikoff hepatoma

「neoplasm」

　　[★]

• n.

• 新生物、腫瘍

関

benign neoplasm、cancer、neoplasia、neoplastic、onco、oncologic、tumor、tumour

　

「live」

　　[★]

[liv]

• vt.
• vi.

---

[laiv]

• adj.

同

LAIV

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「liver」

　　[★] 肝臓