lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

リポタンパク質関連ホスホリパーゼA2

関

1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase、Lp-PLA2、PAF acetylhydrolase

WordNet

1. having partial rights and privileges or subordinate status; "an associate member"; "an associate professor"
2. a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor; "he had to consult his associate before continuing"
3. a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise; "associates in the law firm bill at a lower rate than do partners"
4. any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another; "first was the lightning and then its thunderous associate"
5. make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all" (同)tie_in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect
6. the 1st letter of the Roman alphabet (同)a
7. the blood group whose red cells carry the A antigen (同)type_A, group A
8. a conjugated protein having a lipid component; the principal means for transporting lipids in the blood

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈人〉'を'(…の)『仲間に加える』,(…に)連合させる《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)…'を'結びつけて考える(起こす)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)『仲間になる』,交際する《+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)合体する,提携する《+『with』+『名』》 / 『仲間』,『同僚』;組合員 / 準会員 / 付属物;連想されるもの / 連合した;仲間の,同僚の / 補助の,準…
2. answer / ampere

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/20 00:30:47」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)
Rendering based on PDB 3D59​.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3D59​, 3D5E​, 3F96​, 3F97​, 3F98​, 3F9C​
Identifiers
Symbols	PLA2G7 ; LDL-PLA2; LP-PLA2; PAFAD; PAFAH
External IDs	OMIM: 601690 MGI: 1351327 HomoloGene: 3725 ChEMBL: 3514 GeneCards: PLA2G7 Gene
EC number	3.1.1.47
Gene ontology Molecular function • 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity • phospholipid binding • calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity Cellular component • extracellular region • cytoplasm • low-density lipoprotein particle Biological process • lipid catabolic process • low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling • lipid oxidation • plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation • cellular protein metabolic process • positive regulation of inflammatory response • positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7941	27226
Ensembl	ENSG00000146070	ENSMUSG00000023913
UniProt	Q13093	Q60963
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001168357	NM_013737
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001161829	NP_038765
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 46.7 – 46.74 Mb	Chr 17: 43.57 – 43.61 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene. Lp-PLA₂ is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids. It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.

Function

In the blood it travels mainly with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Less than 20% is associated with high-density lipoprotein HDL. It is an enzyme produced by inflammatory cells and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL.

Lp-PLA₂ is platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.47), a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of PAF to inactive products by hydrolysis of the acetyl group at the sn-2 position, producing the biologically inactive products LYSO-PAF and acetate.

Clinical significance

Lp-PLA₂ is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, an observation that has prompted interest as a possible therapeutic target (see, e.g. the investigational drug Darapladib). In human atherosclerotic lesions, 2 main sources of Lp-PLA₂ can be identified, including that which is brought into the intima bound to LDL (from the circulation), and that which is synthesized de novo by plaque inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells, mast cells)."

It is used as a marker for cardiac disease.

A meta-analysis involving a total of 79,036 participants in 32 prospective studies found that Lp-PLA₂ levels are positively correlated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke.

See also

• darapladib

References

Further reading

• Schröder HC, Perovic S, Kavsan V, Ushijima H, Müller WE (1998). "Mechanisms of prionSc- and HIV-1 gp120 induced neuronal cell death". Neurotoxicology 19 (4-5): 683–8. PMID 9745929. 
• Feng Y, Walsh CA (Jun 2001). "Protein-protein interactions, cytoskeletal regulation and neuronal migration". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience 2 (6): 408–16. doi:10.1038/35077559. PMID 11389474. 
• Tjoelker LW, Eberhardt C, Unger J, Trong HL, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Stafforini DM, Prescott SM, Gray PW (Oct 1995). "Plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase is a secreted phospholipase A2 with a catalytic triad". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 (43): 25481–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.43.25481. PMID 7592717. 
• Stafforini DM, Satoh K, Atkinson DL, Tjoelker LW, Eberhardt C, Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Takamatsu S, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM, Gray PW, Prescott SM (Jun 1996). "Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency. A missense mutation near the active site of an anti-inflammatory phospholipase". The Journal of Clinical Investigation 97 (12): 2784–91. doi:10.1172/JCI118733. PMC 507371. PMID 8675689. 
• Yamada Y, Yokota M (Jul 1997). "Loss of activity of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase due to a novel Gln281-->Arg mutation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 236 (3): 772–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7047. PMID 9245731. 
• Mavoungou E, Georges-Courbot MC, Poaty-Mavoungou V, Nguyen HT, Yaba P, Delicat A, Georges AJ, Russo-Marie F (Sep 1997). "HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins induce phospholipase A2 activation in human and macaque lymphocytes". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 16 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1097/00042560-199709010-00001. PMID 9377118. 
• Sapir T, Elbaum M, Reiner O (Dec 1997). "Reduction of microtubule catastrophe events by LIS1, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase subunit". The EMBO Journal 16 (23): 6977–84. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.6977. PMC 1170301. PMID 9384577. 
• Hiramoto M, Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Yoshimizu N, Satoh K (Dec 1997). "A mutation in plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (Val279-->Phe) is a genetic risk factor for stroke". Stroke; A Journal of Cerebral Circulation 28 (12): 2417–20. doi:10.1161/01.str.28.12.2417. PMID 9412624. 
• Yamada Y, Ichihara S, Fujimura T, Yokota M (Feb 1998). "Identification of the G994--> T missense in exon 9 of the plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in Japanese men". Metabolism 47 (2): 177–81. doi:10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90216-5. PMID 9472966. 
• Yoshida H, Imaizumi T, Fujimoto K, Itaya H, Hiramoto M, Yoshimizu N, Fukushi K, Satoh K (Sep 1998). "A mutation in plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (Val279Phe) is a genetic risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage but not for hypertension". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 80 (3): 372–5. PMID 9759612. 
• Lecointe N, Meerabux J, Ebihara M, Hill A, Young BD (May 1999). "Molecular analysis of an unstable genomic region at chromosome band 11q23 reveals a disruption of the gene encoding the alpha2 subunit of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (Pafah1a2) in human lymphoma". Oncogene 18 (18): 2852–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202645. PMID 10362256. 
• Kruse S, Mao XQ, Heinzmann A, Blattmann S, Roberts MH, Braun S, Gao PS, Forster J, Kuehr J, Hopkin JM, Shirakawa T, Deichmann KA (May 2000). "The Ile198Thr and Ala379Val variants of plasmatic PAF-acetylhydrolase impair catalytical activities and are associated with atopy and asthma". American Journal of Human Genetics 66 (5): 1522–30. doi:10.1086/302901. PMC 1378003. PMID 10733466. 
• Howard KM, Olson MS (Jun 2000). "The expression and localization of plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in endotoxemic rats". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (26): 19891–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001462200. PMID 10748027. 
• Min JH, Wilder C, Aoki J, Arai H, Inoue K, Paul L, Gelb MH (Apr 2001). "Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolases: broad substrate specificity and lipoprotein binding does not modulate the catalytic properties of the plasma enzyme". Biochemistry 40 (15): 4539–49. doi:10.1021/bi002600g. PMID 11294621. 
• Quarck R, De Geest B, Stengel D, Mertens A, Lox M, Theilmeier G, Michiels C, Raes M, Bult H, Collen D, Van Veldhoven P, Ninio E, Holvoet P (May 2001). "Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of human platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase prevents injury-induced neointima formation and reduces spontaneous atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice". Circulation 103 (20): 2495–500. doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.20.2495. PMID 11369691. 
• Unno N, Nakamura T, Mitsuoka H, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto N, Saito T, Sugatani J, Miwa M, Nakamura S (Feb 2002). "Association of a G994 -->T missense mutation in the plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase gene with risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Japanese". Annals of Surgery 235 (2): 297–302. doi:10.1097/00000658-200202000-00020. PMC 1422429. PMID 11807372. 

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 心血管疾患と同等のリスクと確立した危険因子の概要 overview of the risk equivalents and established risk factors for cardiovascular disease
• 2. 急性冠症候群における不安定プラークの役割 the role of the vulnerable plaque in acute coronary syndromes
• 3. 新生児における壊死性腸炎の病理および病因 pathology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns
• 4. 乳児における母乳の利益 infant benefits of breastfeeding

English Journal

• Comparison of the effect of simvastatin versus simvastatin/ezetimibe versus rosuvastatin on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.

• Moutzouri E, Liberopoulos EN, Tellis CC, Milionis HJ, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece.
• Atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis.2013 Nov;231(1):8-14. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.013. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
• OBJECTIVES: Statins may exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Whether different statins at equivalent doses or the combination of low-dose statin with ezetimibe have comparable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of simv
• PMID 24125402

• The role of phospholipids in the biological activity and structure of the endoplasmic reticulum.

• Lagace TA, Ridgway ND.SourceUniversity of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. tlagace@ottawaheart.ca
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Nov;1833(11):2499-510. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.018. Epub 2013 May 24.
• The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected network of tubular and planar membranes that supports the synthesis and export of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. Phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine (PC), are synthesized in the ER where they have essential functions including pro
• PMID 23711956

• n-3 and n-6 Fatty acids are independently associated with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

• Steffen BT, Steffen LM, Liang S, Tracy R, Jenny NS, Tsai MY.SourceDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Mayo Mail Code 609, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0392, USA.
• The British journal of nutrition.Br J Nutr.2013 Nov;110(9):1664-71. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513000949. Epub 2013 Apr 3.
• PMID 23551952

Japanese Journal

• Association of Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 with Coronary Calcification among American and Japanese Men

• EL-SAED Aiman,SEKIKAWA Akira,ZAKY Riad Wahid,KADOWAKI Takashi,TAKAMIYA Tomoko,OKAMURA Tomonori,EDMUNDOWICZ Daniel,KITA Yoshikuni,KULLER Lewis H.,UESHIMA Hirotsugu
• Journal of epidemiology 17(6), 179-185, 2007-11-01
• … To determine whether lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels are related to the difference in the prevalence of CAC between the two populations.METHODS: A total of 200 men aged 40-49 years were examined: 100 residents in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and 100 residents in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan. …
• NAID 10025811498

• Comprehensive Evaluation of Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing the Plasma Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A_2 Activity in a Japanese Population

• ZHANG Shao-Yan,SHIBATA Hiroshi,KARINO Kenji,WANG Bin-You,KOBAYASHI Shotai,MASUDA Junichi,NABIKA Toru
• Hypertension research : clinical and experimental : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 30(5), 403-409, 2007-05-01
• NAID 10019537192

Related Links

• Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 measurement

What is this test? This test measures the amount of an enzyme called lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 in blood. It is used to help predict a cardiac event ... Why do I need this test? Laboratory tests may be done for many ...

• Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2

Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A 2

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「PAF acetylhydrolase」「リポタンパク質関連ホスホリパーゼA2」「Lp-PLA2」「1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase」
関連記事	「associate」「A」「associated」「lipoprotein」「lipoproteins」

「PAF acetylhydrolase」

　　[★]

PAFアセチルヒドロラーゼ、血小板活性化因子アセチルヒドロラーゼ

関

1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase、lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2、Lp-PLA2、platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase

「リポタンパク質関連ホスホリパーゼA2」

　　[★]

英

lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2、Lp-PLA2

関

1-アルキル-2-アセチルグリセロホスホコリンエステラーゼ、PAFアセチルヒドロラーゼ

「Lp-PLA2」

　　[★]

• リ・タンパク質関連ホスホリパーゼA2

関

1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase、lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2、PAF acetylhydrolase

「1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase」

　　[★]

1-アルキル-2-アセチルグリセロホスホコリンエステラーゼ

関

lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2、Lp-PLA2、PAF acetylhydrolase

「associate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 結合する、連合させる。連想によって結びつける。(人を)仲間/友達などとしての関係に置く。(化)会合させる

• vi.

• 仲間/友人などとして交際する(with)。一つにまとめる、連合する

• n.

• 仕事仲間、提携者、同僚。友人、朋友。準会員。従業員、社員
• 密接な蒸す偽付きのある物、付随する物、つきもの。準国家
• 連想によって心に浮かぶ言葉/思い、連想物

• adj.

• 仲間の、同僚の。製紙機械員に次ぐ資格の
• 付随する、連想される

関

accompany、association、associative、attach、bearing、bind、binding、bond、bonding、coassemble、colleague、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、correlate、correlation、couple、dock、engage、engagement、federation、implication、join、joint、ligate、link、linkage、peer、pertinent、reference、relate、relation、relationship、relative、relevance、relevant、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　 　 　

「A」

　　[★]

• アデニン adenine
• アデノシン adenosine
• アラニン alanine

　 　 　

「associated」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 随伴の、随伴性の

関

concomitant、erratic、erratically

associate

「lipoprotein」

　　[★] リポ蛋白 lipoprotein 　

「lipoproteins」

　　[★] リポ蛋白 lipoprotein