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a long-playing phonograph record; designed to be played at 33.3 rpm (同)L-P
the 12th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)l

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エルピーレコード(1分間331/3回転のレコード;商標名)
lira(イタリアの貨幣単位リラ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/22 23:27:48」(JST)

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Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G7 gene.^[1]^[2] Lp-PLA₂ is a 45-kDa protein of 441 amino acids.^[3] It is one of several PAF acetylhydrolases.

Function[edit]

In the blood it travels mainly with low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Less than 20% is associated with high-density lipoprotein HDL. It is an enzyme produced by inflammatory cells and hydrolyzes oxidized phospholipids in LDL.

Lp-PLA₂ is platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase (EC 3.1.1.47), a secreted enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of PAF to inactive products by hydrolysis of the acetyl group at the sn-2 position, producing the biologically inactive products LYSO-PAF and acetate.^[4]

Clinical significance[edit]

Lp-PLA₂ is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.^[3] In human atherosclerotic lesions, 2 main sources of Lp-PLA₂ can be identified, including that which is brought into the intima bound to LDL (from the circulation), and that which is synthesized de novo by plaque inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells, mast cells)."

It is used as a marker for cardiac disease.^[5]

A meta-analysis involving a total of 79,036 participants in 32 prospective studies found that Lp-PLA₂ levels are positively correlated with increased risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke.^[6]

References[edit]

^ Tjoelker LW, Wilder C, Eberhardt C, Stafforini DM, Dietsch G, Schimpf B, Hooper S, Le Trong H, Cousens LS, Zimmerman GA (April 1995). "Anti-inflammatory properties of a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase". Nature 374 (6522): 549–53. doi:10.1038/374549a0. PMID 7700381.
^ Tew DG, Southan C, Rice SQ, Lawrence MP, Li H, Boyd HF, Moores K, Gloger IS, Macphee CH (April 1996). "Purification, properties, sequencing, and cloning of a lipoprotein-associated, serine-dependent phospholipase involved in the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 16 (4): 591–9. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.16.4.591. PMID 8624782.
^ ^a ^b Zalewski A, Macphee C (May 2005). "Role of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis: biology, epidemiology, and possible therapeutic target". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 25 (5): 923–31. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000160551.21962.a7. PMID 15731492.
^ "Entrez Gene: PLA2G7 phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)".
^ Mohler ER, Ballantyne CM, Davidson MH, Hanefeld M, Ruilope LM, Johnson JL, Zalewski A (April 2008). "The effect of darapladib on plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity and cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with stable coronary heart disease or coronary heart disease risk equivalent: the results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 51 (17): 1632–41. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.11.079. PMID 18436114.
^ The Lp-PLA₂ Studies Collaboration (2010). "Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies". The Lancet 375 (9725): 1536–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60319-4. Lay summary – BBC News.

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English Journal

Biomarkers in stable coronary heart disease, their modulation and cardiovascular risk: The LIPID biomarker study.

Tonkin AM1, Blankenberg S2, Kirby A3, Zeller T2, Colquhoun DM4, Funke-Kaiser A2, Hague W3, Hunt D5, Keech AC3, Nestel P6, Stewart R7, Sullivan DR8, Thompson PL9, West M10, White HD7, Simes J3; LIPID study investigators.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2015 Dec 15;201:499-507. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.080. Epub 2015 Aug 16.
AIMS: In patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD), we aimed to assess 1. the prognostic power of biomarkers reflecting haemodynamics, micronecrosis, inflammation, coagulation, lipids, neurohumoral activity, and renal function; 2. whether changes in concentrations of these biomarkers over 12
PMID 26318511

Lipoprotein profile, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients.

Rolla R1, De Mauri A2, Valsesia A1, Vidali M1, Chiarinotti D3, Bellomo G1.
Journal of nephrology.J Nephrol.2015 Dec;28(6):749-55. doi: 10.1007/s40620-015-0194-0. Epub 2015 May 14.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients; the increased risk of cardiovascular disease is due to accelerated atherosclerosis, inflammation and impaired lipoprotein metabolism. We aimed to evaluate lipoprotein-associated phospholipase
PMID 25971848

Association of Lp-PLA2-A and early recurrence of vascular events after TIA and minor stroke.

Lin J, Zheng H, Cucchiara BL, Li J, Zhao X, Liang X, Wang C, Li H, Mullen MT, Johnston SC, Wang Y, Wang Y; CHANCE investigators.
Neurology.Neurology.2015 Nov 3;85(18):1585-91. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001938. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) measured in the acute period and the short-term risk of recurrent vascular events in patients with TIA or minor stroke.METHODS: We measured Lp-PLA2 activity (Lp-PLA2-A) in a subset of 3,201 participants enro
PMID 26311748

Japanese Journal

炎症関連分子 (動脈硬化関連バイオマーカー最新の知見)

吉原琢磨,島田和典,代田浩之
循環器内科 70(2), 177-181, 2011-08
NAID 40018984201

Lp-PLA2 (PAF acetylhydrolase) (今月の主題広義のアポリポ蛋白) -- (臨床検査への応用の可能性)

今泉忠淳,吉田秀見,松宮朋穂 [他]
臨床検査 54(4), 389-393, 2010-04
NAID 40017066108

Related Pictures

Lp-PLA2 ( PLAC2 or PLAC ) Test UK Lp-PLA2-The Plac Test for article: Sequencing of Lp-PLA2 Schematic Representation of Lp-PLA2, a Lp-PLA2 action on cardiovascular disease. Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | Lp-PLA2 The PLAC Test for Lp-PLA2 - a simple blood with significantly elevated hs crp

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「PAF acetylhydrolase」「リポタンパク質関連ホスホリパーゼA2」「1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase」「lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2」
関連記事	「PL」「LP」「L」「PLA」

「PAF acetylhydrolase」

Phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)
	; Rendering based on PDB 3D59.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3D59, 3D5E, 3F96, 3F97, 3F98, 3F9C
Identifiers
Symbols	PLA2G7; LDL-PLA2; LP-PLA2; PAFAD; PAFAH
External IDs	OMIM: 601690 MGI: 1351327 HomoloGene: 3725 ChEMBL: 3514 GeneCards: PLA2G7 Gene
EC number	3.1.1.47
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity; • phospholipid binding; • calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • low-density lipoprotein particle;
Biological process	• lipid catabolic process; • low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; • lipid oxidation; • plasma lipoprotein particle oxidation; • cellular protein metabolic process; • positive regulation of inflammatory response; • positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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